this will be useful for children

1. A GLIMPSE……..

2. THE NORTHERN PLAINS - CONTENTS

3. GET COMFORTABLE IT’S ……

4. FORMATION…
The northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers –
Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra. In the Tertiary period there was a sea ,
Tethys , with extension to north and west . Due to the movement of tectonic
plate the Indian lithospheric plate under thrusts the lighter Eurasian plate on
the north .This shallow basin marine sediments began folding due to
compressive forces acting from north and south .The evolution and upheaval
of Himalaya began. The plain was the fore deep of the folded mountain. Thus
numerous streams took birth and flowed down the Himalayan along with load
of sediments . Sediments continued lying down on the uneven basement of
the fore deep .Orogeny continued till its third phase along with making
Himalaya higher and higher. And sediments filled the 3-6 km deep trough .
However this deepness of trough is also due to subsidence because of
increasing load of sediments. so the Himalayan orogeny and filling erodes
from Himalaya in it made this fertile land for us…. And the fertile plain of India
was formed.

5. DOMINATING RIVERS
THESE THREE RIVERS DOMINATE
THE NORTHEREN PLAINS
INDUS
GANGA
BRAHMAPUTRA

6. SOME PICS....

7. THE NORTHERN PLAINS ARE LOCATED BETWEEN THE HIMALAYAS
AND THE PENINSULAR PLATEAUS

8. LOCATION
As a large plain, the exact
extent can vary from source to
source. Roughly, the Indo-
Gangetic Plain stretches across:
Kashmir in the north;
the Punjab (Pakistan) a
provincial region of Pakistan
and the Aravalli Range;
Sindh in the west;
the Himalayan foothills
of Assam and Bangladesh in the
east; and
the Vindhya and Sapura Range,
and the Chota Nagpur
Plateau in the south.

9. PARTS OF THE PLAINS

10. HOW THE PLAINS ARE DIVIDED?
PUNJAB PLAINS GANGA PLAINS
BRAHMAPUTRA
PLAINS

11.  PUNJAB PLAINS
 The Punjab plain is an
alluvial plain in Pakistan
and north-west of
India.The plain includes
the Pakistani province of
Punjab and Haryana and is
around 35,000 square
miles in area.The plain is
extensively farmed for
cereals and cotton.The
plain is the western part of
the Northern Plain in
Pakistan formed by the
Indus River and its
tributaries.
 GANGA PLAINS
The Ganga plain is a trans-
boundary river of Asia which
flows through India and
Bangladesh. It is the third
largest river by discharge. The
Ganges is the most sacred river
to Hindus. It is worshipped as
the
goddess Ganga in Hinduism.
The Ganges was ranked as the fifth
most polluted river of the world
in 2007.
The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises
in the western Himalayas in the
Indian state of Uttarakhand, and
flows south and east through
the Gangetic Plain of North
India into Bangladesh, where it
empties into the Bay of Bengal

12.  BRAHMAPUTRA PLAINS
 The Brahmaputra is a trans-
boundary river and one of the major
rivers of Asia. It flows southwest
through the Assam Valley as
Brahmaputra and south
through Bangladesh as the Jamuna.
About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long,
the Brahmaputra is an important
river for irrigation and
transportation The river drains the
Himalaya east of the Indo-Nepal
border, southern-central portion of
the Tibetan plateau above
theGanges basin, south-eastern
portion of Tibet, the Patkai-Bum
hills, the northern slopes of the
Meghalaya hills, the Assam plains
and the northern portion of
Bangladesh.

13. RELIEF FEATURES
BHABAR TERAI BHANGAR
KHADAR

14. RELIEF FEATURES – DETAILED STUDY
 BHABAR
 Bhabhar is the
region south of the
Lower Himalayas a
nd the Siwalik
Hills[1] It is
the alluvial
apron of sediments
washed down from
the Siwaliks along
the northern edge
of the Indo-
Gangetic Plain.
 TERAI
 The Terai is a belt of
marshy grasslands, sa
vannas, and
forests located south of
the outer foothills of
the Himalaya,
the Siwalik Hills, and
north of the Indo-
Gangetic Plain of
the Ganges, Brahmapu
tra and their
tributaries.

15.  BHANGAR
 Bhangarh is a town
in India that is famous
for its historical ruins.
It is in the
Rajgarh municipality
of the Alwar district in
the state of Rajasthan.
Bhangarh is at the
edge of the Sariska
Tiger Reserve. The
modern village has a
population of 1,306 in
200
households. Bhangah
is also a popular
tourist attraction.
 KHADAR
 Khādir is the terms used
in Hindustani,Punjabi and
Sindhi in the Indo-
Gangetic plains of North
India and Pakistan to
differentiate between two
types
of river plains and alluvial
soils. Khadir or Khadar plai
ns are those that are low-
lying next to a
river. Khadir areas are
prone to flooding and
sometimes include
portions of former river-
beds that became
available for agriculture
when a river changed
course.[1

16. READ IT AND WEAP!!!!

17. EXTRA FACTS
 1. The Himalayan Mountains are a series of mountains
ranges stretching from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal
Pradesh. They protect our country in many ways.
 2. They contain some of the highest mountain peaks in the
world.
 3. The Eastern and Western Ghats, Aravalli Hills and
Nilgiri Hills are the hills in Southern and Central India.
 4. Rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra
originate in the Himalayas and get their water from
glaciers when the snow melts in summer.
 5. The Northern plains stretch from Punjab in the
northwest to Assam in the east.

18.  6. The Northern Plains are vast flat areas
and the soil in these plains is mostly fertile.
 7. The Brahmaputra Basin, the Ganga
Basin and the Sutlej Basin drain the
Northern Plains.
 8. Deserts are stretches of sandy or rocky
land where rain and vegetation is scarce
 9. Rajasthan, a state that lies south-west of
the Northern Plains, is the main desert
area of our country.
 10. The climate in the deserts is extreme
and most places receive little or no rainfall.

19.  . 11. All the states and regions in India have
people with diverse lifestyles, occupations and
ways of dressing.
 12. The Southern Plateau region of India is a
raised flat land that lies to the south of the
Northern Plains and is triangular in shape.
 13. It has the Eastern and Western Ghats on its
two lower sides, the Aravalli Hills its north-west.
 14. The Southern Plateaus are actually a group
of three plateaus—the Malwa Plateau, Chota
Nagpur Plateau and the Deccan Plateau.
 15. The main rivers flowing through the
plateaus are Narmada, Mahanadi, Krishna and
and Tapti.

20.  16. The Western Coastal Plains are the area
between the Western Ghats and the Arabian
Sea.
 17. They are divided into three parts; the
Saurashtra Coast, the Konkan Coast and the
Malabar Coast.
 18. The Eastern Coastal Plains stretch from
Kanyakumari in the south to West Bengal in the
east.
 19. The southern half of the eastern coast is
called the Coromandel Coast. It includes coastal
Tamil Nadu.
 20. The Mahanadi and Kaveri are two major
rivers of the Eastern Coastal Plains that flow into
the Bay of Bengal.

21.  21. The Northern Plains lie to the south of the
Himalayas extending 2,500 km in length from
East to West.
 22. It consists of two river basins-the Indus and
the Ganga-Brahmaputra. It is made up of fertile
alluvial soil. These support very dense
population.
 23. The Northern Plains can be divided into four
parts:
 (a) The Rajasthan Plains
 (b) Indus Plain
 (c) Ganga Plain
 (d) Brahmaputra Plain

22.  24. The Northern Plains are important
because:
 (а) They are the largest alluvial plains in the
world formed by the deposition of silt by the
major rivers of the plain.
 (b) The rivers are navigable and have water in
them throughout the year (Perennial).
 (c) Flat land helps in the construction of roads
and railways.
 (d) Irrigation facilities have made the plains the
largest wheat growing areas.
 (e) A number of H.E.P. Projects have been
constructed which have helped in irrigation and
generation of power.