Angiogenesis
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It starts with brief introduction about angiogenesis, history of angiogenesis, types and various stages of angiogenesis, followed by its clinical usage.
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Angiogenesis
- 2. Judah Folkman 1933 - 2008 In 1971, when he reported - all cancer tumors are angiogenesis-dependent. It was not readily accepted. But after a decade people recognize a close relation between tumor and angiogenesis. It leads to development of a new field named “Angiogenesis” in science. 2 History of Angiogenesis
- 3. 3 Cells involved in Angiogenesis
- 5. Angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from the existing vasculature. It is a continuous process throughout our lifespan. No metabolically active tissue in the body is more than a few hundred micrometers from a blood capillary. 5 Definition
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- 11. Cross section of blood vessels 11
- 13. Angiogenesis By Chemical Stimulation Vs 13
- 14. ExcessiveInsufficient Cancer Rheumatoid Arthritis Blindness (Diabetic retinopathy) Psoriasis Aids complication Ulcers Stroke Heart disease Infertility Scleroderma 14 Angiogenesis and various diseases
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- 17. 17 Stages of Angiogenesis 1. Vasodilation, endothelial permeability and periendothelial support. 2. Endothelial cell proliferation and migration. 3. Lumen formation. 4. Endothelial survival. 5. Endothelial differentiation. 6. Remodeling.
- 18. 18 NO • Formation of fenestrations, • Vesiculo–vacuolar organelles • Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 • Vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin, • Src kinases. Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 Angiogenic stimulators VEGF, FGF
- 22. 22 Morphological differentiation of Endothelial cells
- 23. 23 Remodeling
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- 25. Clinical use of Angiogenesis Growth factor incorporated hydrogel are used in treatment of • Diabetic ulcers • Pressure ulcers More than 50 anti – angiogenic compounds are in clinical trials which are used in cancer treatment. Eg. Becaplerin 25 To treat ischemic heart disease. inflammatory disorders.
- 26. Risk in growth factor usage 26
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- 30. 30 References 1. Folkman, J. Angiogenesis. Annu. Rev. Med. 57, 1–18 (2006). 2. Carmeliet, P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nature medicine 6, 389–396 (2000). 3. Carmeliet, P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 9, 653–660 (2003). 4. Buschmann, I. & Schaper, W. Arteriogenesis Versus Angiogenesis: Two Mechanisms of Vessel Growth. News Physiol. Sci. 14, 121–125 (1999). 5. http://ekjm.org/journal/view.php?number=21153 6. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/folkman-cancer.html 7. Adair TH, Montani JP. Angiogenesis. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. Author Biographies. 8. http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/circulatory/capillaries.php 9. http://www.gettyimages.in/detail/photo/normal-artery-in-cross-section-h-e-stain- high-res-stock-photography/128124179 10. http://siklusair.com/arteries-veins-and-capillaries-differences 11. http://astro-awakenings.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/tug_of_war_W- Stanley-Proctor.jpg 12. http://www.i2clipart.com/cliparts/4/8/d/e/clipart-rope-512x512-48de.png
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Notas do Editor
- In Greek, Angio means vessels and genesis means formation. If we know how much strength is provided by this steel to built a building.. Likewise if we know what is angiogenesis and how it is happening inside our body it is possible to enhance the rate of wound healing.
- He is the founder for the field of angiogenesis. In 1971, when he reported - all cancer tumors are angiogenesis-dependent
- Angiogenesis initiates with vasodilation, a process involving nitric oxide Vascular permeability increases in response to VEGF. Angiopoietin (Ang) 1, a ligand of the endothelial Tie2 receptor, is a natural inhibitor of vascular permeability, tightening preexisting vessels.
- For endothelial cells to emigrate from their resident site, they need to loosen interendothelial cell contacts and to relieve periendothelial cell support; that is, mature vessels need to become destabilized (Fig. 3). Ang2, an inhibitor of Tie2 signaling, may be involved in detaching smooth muscle cells and loosening the matrix
- Proteinases of the plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), chymase or heparanase families influence angiogenesis by degrading matrix molecules and by activating or liberating growth factors (bFGF, VEGFand IGF-1), sequestered within the extracellular matrix
- Lumen formation: Endothelial cells often assemble as solid cords that subsequently acquire a lumen. Intercalation or thinning of endothelial cells and fusion of preexisting vessels allow vessels to increase their diameter and length. Endothelial survival: Once assembled in new vessels, endothelial cells become quiescent and survive for years. Endothelial apoptosis is induced through deprivation of nutrients or survival signals when the lumen is obstructed by spasms, thrombi or the shedding of dead endothelial cells, or when a change in the angiogenic gene profile occurs.
- To accommodate local physiological requirements, endothelial cells acquire specialized characteristics that are determined by host tissue