Disaster Nursing and disaster Management

1. Disaster Nursing

2. WORLDS
GREATEST
DISASTERS

4. Gujarat Earthquake

25. DISASTERS
Disasters are events that inflict significant damage
to life or property and that substantially
overwhelm the local community’s resources.

26. DISASTER NURSING
• THE GOAL OF DISASTER NURSING is ensuring
that the highest achievable level of care is
delivered through identifying, advocating, and
caring for all impacted populations
throughout all phases of a disaster
event, including active participation in all
levels of disaster planning and preparedness.

27. Concept and Meaning of Disaster Nursing
D- Detection
I- Incident command
S- Safety and security
A- Assess
S- Support
T- Triage and treatment
E- Evaluation
R- Recovery

28. Principles of disaster Nursing
• Prevent the disaster
– Primary prevention
– Secondary prevention
– Tertiary prevention
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Minimize casualties
Prevent further casualties
Rescue the victims
First aid
Evacuate
Medical care
Reconstruction

29. Classification of Disaster
• Natural disasters
– Ex: Hurricanes, flood, cyclones, earthquakes, land
slides, wind storm, epidemics and draught
• Man made disasters
– Fire explosion, Accidents of passenger
vehicles, bomb blast, terrorism, riots and violence

30. Policies related to
emergency/disaster management
1. “First come, first treated” principle will not
be followed during emergencies.
2. Triage protocol
3. ABCDE care is provided
– Airway
– Breathing
– Circulation
– Disability limitation
– Exposure / environmental control

31. 4. Trauma team and trauma code
5. Management of cardiopulmonary arrest
6. Emergency medicine records
7. Chain of command in the team and system
8. Alternative chains and flexibility standards
9. Procedures involving medico-legal issues
10. Disaster preparedness
11. Disaster drills
12. Infection control measures
13. Quality management of disaster services

32. Disaster Management cycle/Phases
Preparedness
Prevention
Response
Recovery

33. Disaster Preparedness
• Personal preparedness
• Professional preparedness
• Community preparedness

34. Disaster Management Team
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Medical Superintendent
Additional Medical Superintendent
Nursing superintendent
Chief medical officer (Casualty)
HOD’d of all the dept.s
Blood bank incharge
Security officers
Dietician
Transport officer
Sanitary personnel

35. Equipments
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Resuscitation equipment
IV sets and IV fluids
Disposable needles, syringes & gloves
Dressing & suturing materials and splints
Oxygen delivery devices
Suction catheter and machine
ECG monitors, defibrillators and ventilators
Cut down sets, tracheostomy sets and lumbar
puncture sets
• Linens and blankets

36. Guidelines/Elements of disaster plans
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Chain of authority
Lines of communication
Routes & modes of transport
Mobilization
Warning
Evacuation
Rescue & recovery
Triage
Treatment
Support of victims and families
Care of dead bodies
Disaster worker rehabilitation

37. Triage Protocol/System
Red: High priority for treatment & transfer
Yellow: Medium Priority
Green: Ambulatory patients
Black: Dead or Moribund patients

38. Resources for disaster management
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Administrative system
Policies, procedures and protocols
Physical facilities
Components & equipments
Emergency/Disaster medical systems
Staffing and training
Resources for disaster drills
Effective evaluation system

39. Coordination & involvement of various
Govt. and Non-Govt. organization
• India
– National disaster management authority of India
– Emergency Management and research Institute
• Worldwide
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International association of emergency managers
Red cross/red crescent
United Nations
World bank
European union
International recovery platform

40. Role of Nurse
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Assess the community
Diagnose community disaster threats
Community disaster planning
Implement disaster plans
Shelter management plans
Evaluate the effectiveness of disaster plans

41. Legal aspects of disaster nursing
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Licensure
Good Samaritan law
Good rapport
Standard care
Standing order
Written consent for
operation and
procedures
• Correct identity
• Drug maintenance
• Self discharge of the
patient
• Documentation
• Protection of patient
property
• Reporting

42. Impact on health and after effects
• Social reaction
• Communicable
diseases
• Population
displacements
• Climatic exposure
• Food & Nutrition
• Water supply &
sanitation
• Mental health
• Damage to the
health
infrastructure

43. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can
develop after exposure to any event that
results in psychological trauma.
• Symptoms: Flashbacks and nightmares

44. Diagnosis of PTSD
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History of exposure to a traumatic event
Persistent re-experiencing
Persistence avoidance and emotional numbing
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not
present before
• Duration of symptoms for more than 1 month
• Significant impairement

45. Management of PTSD
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Provide sense of safety
Calm the patient
Improve self efficacy of the patient
Make social connectedness
Give hope

46. Rehabilitation after Disaster
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Water supply
Food supply
Basic sanitation
Personal hygiene
Physical rehabilitation
Psychosocial rehabilitation
Financial rehabilitation
Relocation

47. Thank you.