Tools and approach for design of Green Building with some study on green building supporting material

1. Green Building Concept
Contents
Contents......................................................................................................................................................1
Benefits of Green building...........................................................................................................................3
Environmental benefits...........................................................................................................................3
Economic Benefits...................................................................................................................................3
Social Benefits..........................................................................................................................................3
Design concept of Pelletising & RMH Building ............................................................................................3
Conceptual Note on Green Building:.......................................................................................................4
Challenges in Industrial Zones.................................................................................................................4
Design under stressed condition.............................................................................................................4
Physical Characteristics............................................................................................................................5
Environmental Characteristics.................................................................................................................5
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF GREEN & SUSTAINABLE CENTRES..........................6
Structural System.....................................................................................................................................7
Design Objects.........................................................................................................................................7
Services system........................................................................................................................................7
Internal space management....................................................................................................................7
Water conservation................................................................................................................................8
The basic concepts followed at the Pelletising Building are .......................................................................8
Individual process flow diagram .............................................................................................................9
Landscaping...........................................................................................................................................10
Energy Conservation..............................................................................................................................11
Solid waste management......................................................................................................................11
Some Study on Green Building..................................................................................................................12
ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS: A GREEN INTRODUCTION.....................................................................12
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Sandhyatara Saha

2. Green Building Concept
INSULATED GLASS: (IG)......................................................................................................................12
EMISSIVITY:........................................................................................................................................12
U-VALUE: (AND ITS RELATION TO R-VALUE)......................................................................................13
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT: (SHGC)...........................................................................................13
References: ...............................................................................................................................................15
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3. Green Building Concept
Benefits of Green building
Environmental benefits
1. Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystem
2. Improve air and water quality
3. Reduce waste streams
4. Conserve and restore natural resources
Economic Benefits
5. Reduce operating cost, Green building is profitable in long run (ROI)
6. Create expand and shape markets for green products and services
7. Improve occupant productivity
8. Optimize life cycle economic performance
Average Green Cost Premium vs. Level of Green
Certification
8
Percent Cost 6
4
Increase
2
0
Basic
Gold
Average Green Cost
Prem ium (in percent)
Level of LEED
Certification
Social Benefits
9. Enhance employees comfort and health
10. Elevate aesthetic qualities
11. Minimize strain on local infrastructure
12. Improve quality of life
Design concept of Pelletising & RMH Building
•
3
Modern Architectural Design Approach
Sandhyatara Saha

4. Green Building Concept
•
Building as Shell & Filter in a stressful environment
•
Limited barriers as added protection
•
To strive for accreditation of Green Building the following criteria need to maximize
I.
Human Performance
II.
Environmental Performance
III.
Technical Performance
IV.
Economic Performance
V.
Subjective Performance
Conceptual Note on Green Building:
•
LEED-INDIA for New Construction and Major Renovations is a green building rating system that
helps to guide and design high-performance commercial buildings.
•
Basically, this program is for those buildings where the design and operation is fully in the scope
and control of owner or the developer. (For leased out or rented spaces LEED India Core & Shell
will be a better option)
•
If the application of LEED-INDIA for a particular building type is questionable, IGBC encourages
the project team
Challenges in Industrial Zones
 Air Pollution and Particulate (SP)
 Noise
 Smell
 Industrial wastes
 Threats
 Climatic Concerns (Deteriorating Micro Climate)
Design under stressed condition
•
•
Filter and Traps for Air, Humidity and Dust Control.
•
Greenery as effective Carbon Sink and Acoustical Barrier.
•
4
Creating Environmental Barriers
Creating Micro Climate and Micro Ambiences as Psychological Relief.
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5. Green Building Concept
Physical Characteristics
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Filled-up Soil.
•
Tree cover to the South, with a revival of a storm water canal.
•
Existing/Planned roads on all sides with a generally elongated East/West site.
•
Minor realignment of some drainage and new electrification
•
Service lift/shafts and access floors are provided.
•
Building maintenance to be taken care of- like security etc.
•
Fire safety norms (Fire escape Staircase, Pressurized Water Network)
•
Toilets and other spaces comply with handicaps. (APA)
•
Battery recharge points are provided at the parking zone
Environmental Characteristics
•
•
Tree Cover provides shades and acoustic barrier from plant noise. It also provides a positive
visual effect. It helps to protect from air pollution.
•
Courtyard Solution Preferred
•
Storm Water Canal, rain water harvesting optimizes the water intake
•
An optimum use of voids and green areas (upper/lower berm) provides a massive Daylight
(Effective Utilisation)
•
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Elongated East-West orientation helpful for better indoor thermal comfort throughout the year
An all-enclosed protected working environment is achieved.
Sandhyatara Saha

6. Green Building Concept
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF GREEN &
SUSTAINABLE CENTRES
CORRELATION
CORRELATION
YIELDING
YIELDING
GENERAL DESIGN
GENERAL DESIGN
GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
FLEXIBILITYGROWTH/
FORMALFUNCTIONAL/
ENERGY USAGERENEWABLE
STRUCTURAL PLAN
(LINKAGE,
DENSITY,INFRASTRU
CTURE)
CRITERIAPREFERABLE
Client brief
Site Climate
Construction technique
Socio cultural condition
CHOICE OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN
INTERACTION AND CORRELATION
:APPROACH TO DETAILED DESIGN
ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Sandhyatara Saha

7. Green Building Concept
Structural System
•
Modern Steel Sections/Tubes as an eco-friendly alternative.
•
Low weight/span ratio reduce material cosumption
•
Deck Slab best suited to industrial spaces
•
Maximum service Integration
•
Tubular structure and formal aesthetics
Design Objects
•
Building as Shell & Filter in a stressful environment
•
Limited barriers as added protection
•
Green certification ,strong points in designs
•
Economic point of view -Using recycled material
Services system
•
Services optimization by separating the regular usable space and temporary usable space
•
Using small discussion rooms instead of big conference room the services are optimized and the
purposes can be overlapped.
•
The open workstations are grouped together so that the services like lighting, HVAC can be
optimized and at the same time storage area also overlapped
•
Waste minimization at every stage during the construction and operation of building with the
help of smart technology
Internal space management
•
•
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The entire building is enclosed from all side to protect from external pollution
The office cubicles are arranged segregating the levels while keeping the privacy and
overlapping the circulation spaces at a time.
Sandhyatara Saha

8. Green Building Concept
Water conservation
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Reuse is possible for toilet flushing, gardening etc.
•
Separate plumbing needs to be done to divert water to and from the treatment unit.
•
Treatment unit can be on terrace of building, or underground (under car park etc.)
•
Space required is minimal.
•
Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense, is a technology used for collecting and storing
rainwater for human use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple
techniques such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques. Rainwater harvesting has
been practiced for more than 200 years
The basic concepts followed at the Pelletising Building are
•
•
Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
Protecting occupants health and improving employee productivity
•
Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
•
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives.
Collected
Used
Purified
Reused
• Recycled water (Wash & Flush).
• Minimizing of Waste-water by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and lowflow shower/basin taps , sensor based taps, water less toilet i.e. Autojanitor
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9. Green Building Concept
•
Use of toilet paper, reducing sewer loads by using traps and increasing possibilities of re-using water onsite.
• The use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as washing, cleaning, gardening will minimize
water intake.
• Compost bins to recycle waste
Individual process flow diagram

Solid waste
Solid wastes are categorized as Paper, Box, Metal/Glass, Plastic, and Organic. At office the most solid waste
part is paper which is biodegradable
Bins at office floor at
regular interval

Segregation of wastes
Waste collection
Paper Recycling
Waste water
Two types of waste water as follows,
1."Greywater" i.e. wastewater from sources such as dishwashing etc from Pantry & Dining area, can be used
after proper treatment for subsurface irrigation, or if fully treated, for use as flushing and washing cars,
garages etc .
2. Waste water from bath/basin can be used for similar purposes.
By HDP
Waste water pit
(Removal of large solids
and grit particles)
Waste water
Grease & soap trap
Removal of suspended solids,
cleaning of fat, oil and grease
Overflow
Drain
STP
Collection tank/
Equalising tank
Reused for Gardening/Flush water

Roof rainwater
From roof/other exposed area
Rain water
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Collected by Rain water Pipe
Purified water
Filtration Pit
Rain water tank
Sandhyatara Saha

10. Green Building Concept
Overflow
Drain
Reuse
Recharge well
Muddy rain water

Rain water collected from all the garden, internal courtyard and the green areas are mentioned as
Muddy water.
From green areas
Muddy water
Collected by RWP &
natural slope
Grating/Drain pit
& Muddy water pit
with filter
Recharge well
Purified water
Rain water tank

Soil waste
Soil waste with
sludge from toilet
By Soil waste pipe
Bacterial Filter
Collection tank/
Equalising tank
Reused as flush water
Drain
Overflow
Landscaping
•
•
The landscaping has been used for shading and reducing the huge glare
•
It is also used for dust and noise control
•
Air pollution management- By Trees, Berms, Water spray
•
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Using of native plants that survive without extra watering
Use of proper filter or sieve to reduce mud waste
Sandhyatara Saha

11. Green Building Concept
Energy Conservation
•
Incorporating high-performance building design
•
Using energy-efficient technologies and strategies
•
Using alternative fuel transportation, Battery recharging option
•
Generate energy on-site using renewable energy systems
•
Supply of back- up power
•
Plan for preventive maintenance (PM)
•
Giving proper training to the facility operators and occupants
Solid waste management
•
•
Awareness for waste minimization
•
Segregation of waste- organic, inorganic, metal and glass
•
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Waste bin at regular interval at regular usable area of the office floor
Collection of waste from the site and recycle
Sandhyatara Saha

12. Green Building Concept
Some Study on Green Building
ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS: A GREEN INTRODUCTION
Going GREEN is one of the hottest trends in America and having energy efficient windows in
your home is quickly becoming a must-have for many people.
Not only is the "green" movement near the top of many political agendas, its presence is often
seen throughout the mainstream and minor media. The bottom line is this: green sells and
going green is cool.
I feel the trend is positive. With energy costs reaching new heights, we need to be proactive
and intentional. We should not only reduce the amount of energy we use, but also conserve the
energy we don't. And since nearly 15-20% of all home energy is lost via windows and doors,
having energy efficient windows in your home should be a priority.
The focus of this hub is to help explain (without getting too technical) the current energy
ratings scheduled to today's energy efficicient windows. These ratings are crucial in making
informed decisions regarding the purchase of energy efficient windows for new home
construction or replacement.
With the green trend gaining momentum, an informed decision concerning one of the most
critical areas of energy loss (or conservation) in your home is paramount.
I'll begin by explaining a few terms needing definition.
INSULATED GLASS: (IG)
Two or more individual panes of glass separated by a specified spacer bar system and then
sealed to be air and water tight. The "captured" airspace between the panes of glass forms the
insulating barrier. The majority of modern energy efficient window systems utilize some type of
insulated glass (IG) application.
EMISSIVITY:
Emissivity is the capability of a surface to emit heat radiation. A black surface is often used as a
constant in measuring other surfaces against it.
For example, in measuring the emissivity of a particular IG unit, the IG unit is placed next to a
solid black surface and subjected to an identical heat source. Measurements of heat radiated
from each surface are then taken. The lower the number results in better heat-reflecting
capablity.
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13. Green Building Concept
With relation to energy efficient window systems, lower emissivities are desired.
U-VALUE: (AND ITS RELATION TO R-VALUE)
U-Value is the measure of a window's ability to reduce heat loss during indirect radiation
exposure; such as during the winter months in moderating climates Lower U-values translate
into less indirect heat lost from the interior of the home resulting in lower heating costs.
U-value is the inverse of R-value (a more common term used in the insulation business). To find
a correlating R-value from a given U-value, simply divide the number 1 by the U-value. Lower Uvalues correlate to higher R-values. For example: 1 divided by a .50 U-value gives us an R-value
of 2.00.
Lower U-values are important because many municipalities are adopting the 2006 version of
the International Residential Code (IRC 06 for short). This code mandates all energy efficient
window and exterior door units with IG to carry a minimum U-Value of .40, translating to an Rvalue of 2.5.
This may sound like a low insulating value but even the finest energy efficient windows today
carry U-values hovering in the .22 through .30 ranges; thus correlating to R-values of 4.55
through 3.33.
And given the fact most exterior wall cavities are a minimum R-13 (with standard 2 x 4 framing)
to R-19 (with 2 x 6 framing), the most energy efficient windows are 3 to 4 times less efficient
than the wall they're installed in; thus the significance to upgrade building codes with regard to
window glazing applications.
So, even with the large disparity between the walls vs. window insulating factor, improving Uvalues greatly increases the energy efficiency of the home.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT: (SHGC)
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is a measure of a window's ability to reduce heat gain
during direct radiation exposure; such as during the summer months in warmer climates. A
lower SHGC translates into less direct heat being pulled into the home resulting in lower cooling
costs. SHGC and U-value are closely linked since the lowering of one directly affects the other.
LOW EMISSIVITY: (LO-E)
Lo-E refers to the ability of an IG unit to suppress direct heat radiation and absorb indirect heat
radiation. By placing a Lo-E coating, which usually consists of a microscopically thin layer of
metallic oxides (primarily silver), on a glass surface, the ability to transfer heat radiation is
lowered. The heat remains on the side of glass where it originated.
In a nutshell, Lo-E coatings reflect direct heat radiation and absorb indirect heat radiation.
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14. Green Building Concept
FOR EXAMPLE:
I witnessed a demonstration where a standard IG unit 4 x 4 inches square was placed next to an
identically sized IG unit with a low emissivity (Lo-E) layer applied. Both IG units were placed
equal distance from an identical heat source with an air thermometer placed on the opposite
(or inside) side; thereby simulating a warm-climate condition. The result was staggering.
On the standard IG unit without the Lo-E coating, the inside glass temperature was 7 degrees
warmer than the inside glass temperature of the Lo-E coated unit. Imagine what a 7 degree
difference would make over the entire glass square footage in your home; especially when
you're trying to heat in the winter. -- Take into consideration this was an extreme
demonstration. In reality, temperature differences for Lo-E coated IG units are nearer to 4-5
degrees; still a great amount on the thermostat.
Keep in mind the opposite of this demonstation is also true. Heat sources from the inside of
your home during winter months will keep the inside of your glass warmer.
HOW DOES LO-E WORK?
Lo-E glass works based on the angle of direct solar radiation.
Due to the sun's differing angles at various times of the year, Lo-E coatings work well in all
seasons. In summer, when the angle is more direct, or "a high sky" they reflect heat. In winter,
when the sun's angle is less direct, "a lower sky" they absorb the indirect heat.
Referring back to the previous demonstration, the non Lo-E coated glass allowed the direct
heat to pass through the glass thereby warming your interior glass.
The Lo-E coated glass, on the other hand allowed some of the indirect heat in but blocked the
direct heat thereby keeping your interior surface of glass cooler.
And being cool in the summer and warm in the winter is a good thing.
I'd be remiss if I didn't add one detail concerning Lo-E applications in overall warmer climates;
since they can be optimized with additional coatings. Let me first begin by briefly explaining
what a glass surface is.
GLASS SURFACES:
All energy efficient windows with insulated glass are broken down into 4 surfaces:
Surface 1 (S1): The exterior surface of the exterior pane of glass.
Surface 2 (S2): The interior surface of the exterior pane of glass.
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15. Green Building Concept
Surface 3 (S3): The exterior surface of the interior pane of glass.
Surface 4 (S4): The interior surface of the interior pane of glass.
These designations are important because the optimum effectiveness of the Lo-E coating is
determined by which surface it is applied to.
As mentioned earlier, with Lo-E applications, the heat radiation remains on the side of glass
where it originated.
For warmer climates, Lo-E coatings are sometimes applied on S3 and a secondary tint applied to
S2 to reduce the initial heat radiation.
Such applications don't work as well in cooler climates since you want some of the initial heat
to absorb in order to remain trapped once it tries to leave.
The ideal surface for a Lo-E coating in cooler climates is S2.
References:
http://www.nfrc.org/getratings.aspx
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