The document discusses technological advancements in India over the past 5000+ years. It notes that India now has the third largest scientific workforce globally and is self-reliant in fields like nuclear technology, space research, and electronics. Key areas that have seen growth include atomic energy, space, electronics, agriculture, health care, and defense technologies like missiles and aircraft. The government is committed to making science, technology and innovation an integral part of socio-economic development.

1. TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENTS IN INDIA
----
SANDHYA PILLAI
&
NANDHINI A T H

2. * The tradition of science and technology (S&T) in
India is over 5,000 years old.
* A renaissance was witnessed in the first half of the
20th century.
* The S&T infrastructure has grown up from about `
10 million at the time of independence in 1947 to ` 30
billion.
* Significant achievements have been made in the
areas of nuclear and space science, electronics and
defense.
* The government is committed to making S&T an
integral part of the socio-economic development of
the country.

3. * India has the third largest scientific and
technical manpower in the world; 162 universities
award 4,000 doctorates and 35,000
postgraduate degrees and the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research runs 40
research laboratories that have made some
significant achievements.
* In the field of Missile Launch Technology,
India is among the top five nations of the world.

4. * Science and technology, however, is used as an effective
instrument for growth and change.
* It is being brought into the mainstream of economic planning in
the sectors of agriculture, industry and services.
* The country's resources are used to derive the maximum output
for the benefit of society and improvement in the quality of life.
* About 85 per cent of the funds for S&T come directly or
indirectly from the Government.
* The S&T infrastructure in the country accounts for more than
one per cent of the GNP.
* S&T in India is entering a new frontier.

5. Advancements in the following
fields
 Atomic energy
 Space
 Electronics
 Oceanography
 Biotechnology
 IT
 Telecom
 E-Governance
 Primary ,
secondary &
tertiary industries

6. ATOMIC ENERGY

7. Atomic energy
 India is today recognized as one of the most advanced
countries in nuclear technology including production of
source materials.
 The country is self-reliant and has mastered the expertise
covering the complete nuclear cycle from exploration and
mining to power generation and waste management.
 Accelerators and research and power reactors are now
designed and built indigenously.
 The sophisticated variable energy cyclotron at Kolkata and
a medium-energy heavy ion accelerator 'pelletron' set up
recently at Mumbai are national research facilities in the
frontier areas of science.

8.  As part of its programme of peaceful uses
of atomic energy, India has also embarked
on a programme of nuclear power
generation
 India has a huge demand of power supply
and by 2020 the existing demand is likely
to double.
 Per Capita electricity consumption seems
to grow manifold and India had to look for
other energy sources for generation of
electricity. Nuclear technology came to its
rescue.
 India has knowledge of fast reactors and
Thorium fuel cycle which will take it to one
of the leaders’ positions in nuclear
technology.

9. SPACE RESEARCH

10. Space research
 The Indian Space ResearchOrganisation (ISRO),
under the Department of Space (DOS), is
responsible for research, development and
operationalisation of space systems in the areas of
satellite communications, remote sensing for
resource survey, environmental monitoring,
meteorological services, etc. DOS is also the nodal
agency for the Physical Research Laboratory, which
conducts research in the areas of space science, and
the National Remote SensingAgency, which deploys
modern remote-sensing techniques for natural
resource surveys and provides operational services
to user agencies.

11. ELECTRONICS

12.  The Department of Electronics plays the
promotional role for the development and use
of electronics for socio-economic
development.
 Many initiatives have been taken for a
balanced growth of the electronics industry.
 The basic thrust has been towards a general
rationalization of the licensing policy with an
emphasis on promotion rather than regulation,
besides achieving economy of scale with up-
to-date technology

13.  The Department of Electronics plays the
promotional role for the development and use of
electronics for socio-economic development. Many
initiatives have been taken for a balanced growth
of the electronics industry.
 The basic thrust has been towards a general
rationalization of the licensing policy with an
emphasis on promotion rather than regulation,
besides achieving economy of scale with up-to-
date technology.
 A multi-pronged approach has been evolved for
result-oriented R&D with special emphasis on
microelectronics, telematics, and high-
performance computing and software
development.

14.  The major R&D initiatives of the Group
has been in the development of Linac
tubes, automateion & Intelligent
Transportation Systems technology,
setting up of Nano electronics centres
& generic Nanometrology facilities.

15. oceanography
 India has a coastline of more than 7,600
km and 1,250 islands, with its Exclusive
Economic Zone covering over 2 million sq.
km and continental shelf extending up to
350 nautical miles. . Two research vessels,
ORV SagarKanya and FROV SagarSampada,
are assessing and evaluating the resource
potential.

16.  A National Institute of Ocean
Technology was set up for the
development of ocean-related
technologies. It is also responsible for
harnessing resources of the coastal
belts and islands.

17. Biotechnology
 India has been the forerunner among the
developing countries in promoting multi-
disciplinary activities in this area, recognizing
the practically unlimited possibility of their
applications in increasing agricultural and
industrial production, and in improving human
and animal life. The nucleus of research in this
area is the National Biotechnology Board,
constituted in 1982.

18.  . Some of the new initiatives taken include
developing techniques for gene mapping,
conservation of biodiversity and bio-indicators
research, special biotechnology programmes for the
benefit of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
and activities in the area of plantation crops.
The areas which have been receiving attention are
cattle herd improvement through embryo transfer
technology, in vitro propagation of disease resistant
plant varieties for obtaining higher yields, and
development of vaccines for various diseases.

19. Information Technology
 India is growing and one of the factors
contributing to its growth is technology.
Every time there was a revolution, mankind
has benefited. This time we can call it a
technological revolution . Entry of wireless
services and VoIP has equipped the users
with mobility and coverage in negligible
price. Making unlimited video calls and
voice calls all over the world have become
free of cost with one-time payment for
getting the service enabled

20.  There are around 900 million mobile
users in India which makes it 2nd
largest in the world. As far as internet
is concerned it is third largest with 108
million users. Launch of Aakash Tablet
has given us yet another thing to be
proud of as it is the world’s cheapest
tablet.
 3G technology is definitely going to get
a boom in near future

21. Indian Military
 India lies in a dangerous neighbourhood with two hostile countries,
which have gone to war against it in the past.
 India has always maintained that all its defense related
developments are for peaceful & defensive measures, & not to
outdo anyone.
 India has a large pool of technology related talents, & defense
research Organisations are doing their part to bring out the best
in the Indian Armed Force by either collaborating with foreign
companies or developing technology & designs indigenously.

22. Recent developments
 INS VIKRAMADITYA- Indain Navy’s
latest acquisition
 LCA TEJAS- India’s first indigenous
Light Combat Aircraft
 MOUNTAIN STRIKE CORPS- 2
independent infantry & armoured
brigade operating along the entire line
of actual control (LAC) with China

23.  AGNI V- India tested for the second
time its over 5000 km Intermediate
Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)
succesfully in september 2013 of the
Odisha coast.
 INS ARIHANT & INS VIKRANT
 PILATUS PC MK II
 GSAT -7
 SAGARIKA MISSILE

24. AGRICULTURE
 The era of modernization is viewed in the
entire sectors especially in the agriculture
sector. Gone are the days when farmers
meant a poor man laboring hard to meet
his needs. In the modern times, farmers
are equipped with agriculture technology
that is latest and trouble free
 SOIL PRODUCTIVITY
 GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

25.  MUTATION TECHNOLOGY
 GENE SANTUARIES
 FARM MACHINERY & IMPLEMENTS
 SPINOFFS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY
 BIO DIVERSITY CHARACTERIZATION
 ACCELERATED IRRIGATION BENEFIT
PROGRAMS

26. HEALTH CARE
 The demand for healthcare services in
India has grown from $ 4.8 billion in 1991
to $ 22.8 billion in 2001-02, indicating an
annual growth rate of 16 %.
 . Using technology in Health care will help
improving various processes like patient
diagnosis, data management, e-
prescription, pathology lab management,
appointment scheduling, case analysis etc

27.  New technologies in the healthcare
management systems have come up which
consists of electronic data storage, data
maintenance and exchange. Such process
when implemented will make the
healthcare management process effective.
Example of such type of healthcare
management system is Electronic Medical
Records (EMR).