2. “Curriculum embodies
all the experiences
which are utilized by the
school to attain the aims
of education”
• - Munroe
The term curriculum is derived from the Latin word ‘currere’ which
means path. In this sense curriculum is the path through which the
student has to go forward in order to reach the goal envisaged by
education. Usually the term curriculum is understood to mean a group
of subjects prescribed for study in a particular course.
3. • Subject centered
curriculum
• Activity centered
curriculum
• Child centered
curriculum
• Issue based curriculum
• Experience centered
curriculum
• Undifferentiated
curriculum
• Core curriculum
• Hidden curriculum
• Spiral curriculum
The
different
types of
curriculum
are as
follows:
4. ISSUE BASED CURRICULUM • Issue Based Approach (IBA) to curriculum
transaction is a novel and unique one in
the history of school curriculum
development in Kerala.
• The Issue Based Approach aims to sensitize
the learners about the numerous issues
faced by our society through the learning
material itself.
• These issues are developed and sensitized
using various discourses which provide a
linguistically rich environment in the
classroom.
• Being a novel one, the Issue Based
Approach poses a number of challenges to
facilitators with respect to the preparation
of teaching manual, lesson transaction,
learner assessment etc in the classroom.
• It is really a hard task to the facilitator to
bring in various social issues in an
appropriate form into the framework of
formal education.
5.
6. NECESSARY
STEPS
• While considering the level, the
needs, experiences and interests of
students in different levels are
varied.
• While preparing textbooks, we need
to know what should be included in
the textbooks of each level in
integrated inclusive manner.
• Majority of teachers who are in
service at present is under the
influence of a system which can be
traced to the colonial past. Only by
conscious and deliberate efforts that
they can imbibe a new democratic
spirit.
• Since teachers play a pivotal role of a
‘facilitator’ in the new paradigm, the
handbooks and source books
become the tools to show the right
path
7. Kerala Curriculum Framework (KCF)
2007, draws upon National Curriculum
Framework (NCF) 2005, introduced the
concept of issue based approach, from the
academic year 2008-2009. KCF 2007 was
prepared after holding discussions with
academics, organizations of teachers,
students, non-governmental organizations
and the general public. The issue based
approach aims at social reformations
should provide opportunities to work for
social justice, to generate better citizen, to
promote a naturalistic spirit, etc. The
problems are learned in such a way that
the local issues should be analyzed in a
global context. Critical pedagogy and issue
based approach has recently in practice in
the state of Kerala.
8. CONCLUSION
Issue based Approach though fascinating in ideology, practicing
is not so promising. Predetermining issues is as against the
postulates of critical pedagogy. Practice without reflection and
imposing the practice without adequate philosophical
interventions are the major criticisms to issue based approach to
curriculum in practice in the state of Kerala. Curriculum should
be related to the dynamics of everyday life of the learners. It is
based on social needs and aspirations. It may recognize the
importance of cultural differences of individuals communicating
across various social and political borders.
