This document is a science textbook for students preparing for the SSC exam. It contains chapters on topics like fuels, electricity, and modern physics. Definitions, examples, and explanations of key concepts are provided to help students understand the material. Diagrams and illustrations supplement the written content. The textbook appears to be a comprehensive resource for reviewing science material from multiple domains.

1. 7/12/12 Science of S.S.C
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2. 7/12/12 Science of S.S.C
SCIENCE
OMTEX - CLASSES
“THE HO ME OF TEXT”
SCIENCE
NA M E
Std . Di v.
Co l / Sc hoo l - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - -
FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY
1
“ROME WAS NOT BUILD IN A DAY”
INDEX
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2
“ROME WAS NOT BUILD IN A DAY”
FUELS
Q1. Define
1. Radioactivity:- The phenomenon of spontaneous and continuous emission of
radiation from certain heavy element is called radioactivity.
2. Radioactive substance:- The substance, which spontaneously and
continuously emits certain radiations is called a radioactive substance.
3. Fission products:- The products formed during a nuclear fission are called
fission products.
4. Controlled chain reaction:- The process in which most of the neutrons
liberated in the chain reaction are absorbed and only a few neutrons are allowed
to carry on the reaction is called controlled chain reaction.
5. Un – controlled chain reaction:- The self accelerating chain reaction which
takes place on its own around is called uncontrolled chain reaction.
6. Calorific value:- The quantity of heat produced by the complete combustion
of unit mass of a fuel is called the calorific value of the fuel.
7. Disintegration of radioactive elements:- The process of continuous and
spontaneous emission of radiation’s from a radioactive element to form a new
element continues till a non – radioactive element is formed is called
disintegration or decay of radioactive elements.
8. Nuclear wastes:- The harmful radioactive waste are produced by mining into
enrichment and use in the nuclear reactors is known as nuclear wastes.
Q2. Give scientific reasons:-
1. Boron steel or cadmium rods are used to control chain reaction
Ans.
1. Boron steel or cadmium rods have a property of absorbing neutrons.
2. The rate of chain reaction can be reduced by absorbing some of neutrons
which is generated, therefore boron steel or cadmium rods are used to control
chain reaction.
2. The elements having atomic number greater than 82 are radioactive
Ans. The nuclei of elements having atomic number greater than 82 are unstable.
Hence, the elements having atomic number greater than 82 are radioactive.
3. Water gas is called blue gas.
Ans. Water gas burns with bluish flame. Hence water gas is called blue gas.
4. Coal is fossil fuel.
Ans. Coal is formed form the remains of plants and animals buried under the
ground million of years back. Such remains are called fossils. Hence, coal is
fossil fuel.
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