The document discusses housing and town planning. It covers the importance of housing, factors that affect the demand for housing like availability of finance and population growth. It also discusses the requirements and different types of residential buildings like row houses, semi-detached houses, detached houses, apartments, and skyscrapers. Additionally, it talks about designing residential areas, policies around low-cost and rural housing, and agencies involved in housing in India like HUDCO and HDFC. The goal is to plan housing that meets basic needs and raises quality of life.

1. HOUSING
Prof. Samirsinh P Parmar
samirddu@gmail.com
Asst. Prof. Dept. of Civil Engineering,
ADharmasinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat
LECTURE-7
CL-410: TOWN PLANNING

2. Content of the presentation
• Importance of housing
• Demand of Houses
• Building site
• Requirements of residential building
• Classification of residential building
• Trends in multi story buildings
• Design of residential areas
• Rural housing
• Low cost housing
• Agencies for Housing in India
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

3. Introduction
• Housing may be defined as an architectural unit for accommodation in order to protect
the occupants from the forces of nature.
• But in wider meaning housing covers all the ancillary services and community facilities
which are essential to human well being.
• In addition to the physical structure, it includes water supply, sanitation, and disposal
of water, recreation and other basic amenities of life.
• Thus housing can be defined as a component architectural structure within a total
system consisting of various settlement variables.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

4. Role of Housing:
• Housing is closely associated to the process of overall socio-economic development.
• It provides shelter and raises the quality of life.
• It generates conditions which are congenial to the achievement of social objectives
such as health, sanitation and education.
• It provides employment opportunities to the rural and urban people.
• Moreover it helps to improve urban rural equality by narrowing down the difference in
the standard of living.
• Thus housing performs multiple functions including many social needs of the
household.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

5. Importance of Housing
• Social Life
• Economic growth
• Health of community
• Cultural preservation
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

6. Demand for Houses
• Immobility
• Initial Investment
• Other Problems- transport, finance, taxation, population, land
policy etc.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

7. Factors affecting demand of Houses
• Availability of cheap finance
• Availability of skilled labor
• Available transport facilities
• Cost of labor and material of construction
• Predictions of future demand
• Rate of interest on investment
• Rate of population growth and urbanization
• Supply of developed plots at reasonable rate
• Taxation policy on real estate
• Town planning and environmental conditions etc.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

8. Factors to be considered for selecting
site for building:
• Cost of land
• Fertility of land
• Distance from place of work
• Contour of land
• Ease of drainage
• Location with respect to schools, collages, public buildings, transport hub, shopping complexes
etc.
• Availability/ Development of public utility services like LPG Gas lines, Domestic water supply
lines, sewerage lines, solid waste management, communication infra. And transport etc.
• Wind, velocity, direction, vicinity w.r.to water body or mountain/hill etc.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

9. Requirement of residential buildings
• Height
• Location
• Orientation
• Vicinity to parks
• Privacy
• Security
• Space
• Utility services
• Ventilation
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

10. Classification of Residential Buildings
• Row of houses
• Semi- detached houses
• Detached houses
• Apartment or Flats
• Skyscrapers
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

11. Classification of Residential Buildings
Row of houses
• row house, is a style of housing in use
since the late 17th century.
• A row of identical or mirror-image houses
share side walls.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

12. Row of houses
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

13. Row of houses
• Row of houses if planned properly can be proven as cheap but good living conditions.
• Best resistance against earthquake vibrations.
• Good neighborhood planning leads to enjoyable culture of living.
• Affordable for middle income to lower middle income group.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

14. Semi- Detached houses
• A semi detached house is a house that is
joined to another house on one side.
• This type of house is very common in
towns and cities in India.
Classification of Residential Buildings
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

15. Semi- Detached houses
Typical Elevation of Semi-Detached House Typical Plan of Semi-Detached House
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

16. Best Architectural Design Practice in Semi
Detached Buildings
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

17. Detached Houses
Specifications
• All four sides are free for ventilation.
• Can have best ventilation.
• Enjoy gardening, parking space, swimming
pool etc.
• Architectural planning have no constrains.
Classification of Residential Buildings
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

18. Apartment or Flats
Specification
• At least two sides is open to air.
• Cheap housing/ Affordable
• Enjoy group living
• Enjoy height of story- sky view
• Modern facilities can become affordable
like- High security, Gymnasium, Swimming
pool etc on sharing basis.
Classification of Residential Buildings
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

19. Apartment or Flats
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20. 20
Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

21. Skyscrapers
• A skyscraper is a continuously
habitable high-rise building that has over 40
floors and is taller than approximately
150 m (492 ft).
• Historically, the term first referred to
buildings with 10 to 20 floors in the 1880s.
• The definition shifted with advancing
construction technology during the 20th
century.
• Skyscrapers may host commercial offices
or residential space, or both.
• For buildings above a height of 300 m
(984 ft), the term "supertall" can be used,
while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m
(1,969 ft) are classified as "megatall".
Classification of Residential Buildings
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

22. Skyscrapers
A skyscraper is a continuously habitable high-rise
building that has over 40 floors and is taller than
approximately 150 m (492 ft).
Historically, the term first referred to buildings with 10 to
20 floors in the 1880s.
The definition shifted with advancing construction
technology during the 20th century.
Skyscrapers may host commercial offices or residential
space, or both.
For buildings above a height of 300 m (984 ft), the term
"supertall" can be used, while skyscrapers reaching
beyond 600 m (1,969 ft) are classified as "megatall".
Completed in 2009, the Burj Khalifa, in Dubai (United Arab Emirates), is currently
the tallest skyscraper in the world, with a height of 829.8 meters (2,722 ft).
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

23. Comparison for Height
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

24. Pros & Cons of Skyscrapers
Pros
• Great way to maximize the land usage.
• It provide great views to residents.
• It is considered as symbol of economical
health and advanced technology for that
country and worldwide recognition.
• helps with urban planning and can be
utilized to control population density
• Can be used as a source for renewable
energy.
Cons
• It requires some serious engineering and
multi-desciplinary coordination between
various design and engineering parties.
• They’ll put a lot of strain on sewage
system.
• The tiniest mistake or overlook in design
phase can be catastrophic during the
buildings’ life.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

25. Design of Residential Areas
• Residential areas should be carefully designed with respect to the following aspects:
1. Aesthetics
2. Layout
3. Basic materials
4. Size and shape
5. Housing unit
6. Street system
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

26. Low cost housing
• Definition: Definition of 'Affordable Housing' Definition: Affordable housing refers to
housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is below the median
household income.
• Indian Perspective:
• Our definition for affordable housing was housing less than 10 lakh rupees which can be
afforded with a mortgage from a housing finance company for customers earning Rs. 10,000–
25,000. We found that about 30,500 units of low income housing are coming up in India in
152 projects across 22 cities.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

27. Building Cost
• The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely:
1. Building material cost : 65 to 70 %
2. Labor cost : 65 to 70 %
• Now in low cost housing, building material cost is less because we make use of the locally
available materials and also the labor cost can be reduced by properly making the time
schedule of our work.
• Cost of reduction is achieved by selection of more efficient material or by an improved design.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

28. Areas from where cost can be
reduced are:-
1. Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.Ex.15 cms thick solid concrete block wall.
2. Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.
3. Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like concrete block in place of burnt
brick.
4. Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for conventional building components
like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
5. Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing the size of
the component in the building.
6. By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials due to demolition of
the unplanned component of the house can be avoided.
7. Each component of the house shall be checked whether if it’s necessary, if it is not necessary, then
that component should not be used.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

29. Agencies for Housing in INDIA
• GRUH- Gujarat Housing Finance corporation Ltd.
• HUDCO- Housing and Urban Development Corporation
• HDFC- Housing Development Finance corporation
• LIC- Housing finance limited
• CIDCO- City and Industrial Development corporation
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

30. Concluding Remarks:
• To have own house is still a dream for 30-40 % of population in India.
• Health conditions with respect to various pollutions are very poor in India.
• Faulty town planning leads to various unhygienic- unsafe living conditions.
• Suburbs are not planned properly hence remote areas of metropolitan city are also observing
apartment towers.
• Real Estate Mafia’s are governing the housing sectors of India.
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem

31. Thank You !
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Prof. S.P.Parmar, DoCL, DDU, Town Planning, IV-Sem