Presented by:Salam Elayeh
DVM; urmia university
2013

Fowl cholera is a highly contagious disease of domestic and
wild birds.Sudden death because of diarrhea→just like man
cholera. Importance:1-economicly.2-historical (pasteur) 3-
biological:wild birds

Pasteurella
multocida
P.gallicida
P.septicaP.multocida

Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped
bi polar Bacteria

•5 serogroup
•A,B,D,E,F
Capsular
antigens
•16 serogroup
•1−16
Somatic
antigens

Attack many kinds of birds as like as:
Fowl,Turkey,Duck,Geese,wild
bird,water fowl. Turkey are more
sensitive than each others.Some
domestic mammals are olso
susceptible

Morbidity:10-80
Mortality:turkey →68
duck→50
poultry→15-50
Age: older than 16 w in layer
4-5 w in broiler
Season:autumn and winter

Enterance:
1-URT mucosal membrane
2-conjunctiva
3-cutaneous wounds
Incubation period:4-9 days

1. start of acute septicemia with coagulopaties
2.production of endotoxin →oedema ,
haemorrhagia ,shock,sudden deaths
3.bacteraemia→spreading to lung
4.influencing factors →1- crowding, 2-clima,3-
concurrent infection 4-nutrition,5- biosecurity,
6-injury and stress

1.Direct contact or aerosol (excretes)
source → latently infected or chronic sick birds
location of infection → URT and nasal cavity
2.Indirectly → personnel and equipment, vectors
→pigs, cattle, cats, wild birds, rodents, insects
Incubation period→4-9 days

Chronic course
 Failure of growth and developement of body
 Drop in egg production
 Swelling of wattles, sinuses
 Swelling of joints, foot pad, sternal bursa
 Torticolis
 Dermal necrosis in turkey
 Granulomatous dermatitis in pigeons and birds of
prey

In the chronic form of fowl cholera, suppurative lesions may be found in
a variety of locations. In this broiler breeder, severe swelling of the
infraorbital sinuses is found on external examination .

Acute form
 Petechia to ecchymosis on serosis and mucous membrane
 exsudative pneumonia
 Sub acute form
 Petechia to ecchymosis in intestine, heart,lungs
 exsudate in pericard and body cavity
 swollen liver, coagulative necrosis(corn meal liver)
 in turkey → frequently exsudative pneumonia
 In turkey → flaccid, puckered a hyperemic follicle on ovary

Fowl cholera. Small areas of necrosis in the liver (corn meal liver)

hyperemic

Hemorrhage in heart muscle Haemorrhages in intestine (different extent)

Wattle form, artritis, osteomyelitis
Exsudative serositis
sinusitis

Purulent exudate may be found within the facial swellings

The foot has been incised to show a caseous exudate .

1.history, sings and lesions
2.bacteriology
3.indentification by using biochemical test
4.now is available PCR test
5.bipolar microorganismus by bluedomethylene staining
6.Serology
AGID or ELISA, better for evaluation of vaccine
response

Bluedomethylene,lichman,gimsa staining→bipolar bacteria
Heart and livers blood
Culture in : dextrose starch agar +5%serum
Morphology on D.S.A:
1- Fluorescent→high virolent
2-sectored colony→mild
3-blue or slightly fluorescent→low
4-non fluorescent→non pathogene
MUSSY ODOR

1.Infectious coryza
2.Fowl typhoid
3.Fowl plague(avian flu)
4.Duck plaque(duck herpes virus 1)
5.Otherpaseurellas(p.haemolitica,p.gallinarm)

1-Wild birds
2-Rodents
3-cat.dog,pigs,…
4-Vaccination

1 -live attenuated
2-in activated : razi institute A: 1
Best→(-):1,3,4
Age : 8-10 and 18-20 w
In poultry →IM
In turkey →DW

1-Sulfa drugs
2-Semisynthetic penicillins
3-Tertracyclines
4-Erythromycin

Thanks