1. An insider’s guide to getting published in research journals Simon Linacre Saïd Business School Oxford University Wednesday 23rd March 2011

2. AIMS OF THE SESSION To fully explain the publishing process and provide ‘top tips’ and insider knowledge to maximise your chances of publication, as well as… Discuss ISI and journal rankings in a UK context To learn more about your needs Q&A session: ask anything!

3. INTRODUCTION TO EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING World’s leading scholarly publisher in Business and Management Most of the world’s top Business Schools and management studies departments subscribe to Emerald Truly international publisher, with authors, editors, advisers, reviewers and customers from around the world Headquarters in Bingley, with representative offices in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Dubai, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, South Africa and the USA Constantly investigating the acquisition and launch of new titles and exploring new partnerships Also publishing books and journals in Social Sciences, Engineering and Library & Information Science

4. INTRODUCTION TO EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING Personal BackgroundName: Simon LinacrePosition: Senior Publisher and ISI CoordinatorEmerald: Manage Accounting journals; Team Leader; managed Economics, Finance and Management titles for 8 yearsExpertise: Acquisitions; publishing development; journal rankings; Author Workshops

5. INTRODUCTION TO EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING Academic background Degree: Philosophy at St Andrews (MA) Practice: Newspaper Journalism (Diploma) Postgrad: International Business (MA) Publications: Strategic Direction (2004~) Corporate Governance (2004) Australian Accounting Review (2010) Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal (2011)

6. Oxford University and Emerald Emerald works closely with Oxford : Authors include Professors Anthony Heath, Lalit Johri, Pamela Sammons, Raymond Ogden and Susan Bright One Editor and 21 Editorial Board members Seventy Authors in top journals such as IJOPM and EMJ in last 3 years Over 3,500 journal article downloads since 2008 Most popular areas include Marketing, IPS, HRM, Ops & Logistics Mgt, and IKM

7. Research EDITORIAL SUPPLY CHAIN Publisher/Managing Editor Production Users Author Editor Access via library Hard copy Database Third party Quality research papers EAB and reviewers Solicits new papers Handles review process Promotes journal to peers Attends conferences Develops new areas of coverage QA – sub-editing and proof reading Convert to SGML for online databases Print production Despatch Added value from publisher The link between the publishing company and editor Helps editors succeed in their role and build a first class journal Overall responsibility for journal Promotion and marketing Attends conferences Handles production issues

8. EDITORIAL TIMETABLE The Editor(s) do an initial read to determine if the subject matter and research approach of the manuscript is appropriate for the journal (approximately 1 week) The Editor(s) identify and contact two reviewers for the manuscript (approximately 1 week) Reviewers are usually given 6-8 weeks to complete their reviews The Editor(s) assess the reviewers' comments and recommendations and make a decision on the manuscript (approximately 2 weeks) Expected time from submission to review feedback: 3 - 4 months

9. TOP TIP ♯1 Be ‘savvy’… ie. wise, sage, knowing Don’t give an Editor a good reason to put your article in the wrong pile!

10. AUTHOR GUIDELINES Every journal published will have detailed notes and guidelines

11. EDITORS/REVIEWERS WANT… Originality – what’s new about subject, treatment or results? Relevance to and extension of existing knowledge Research methodology – are conclusions valid and objective? Clarity, structure and quality of writing – does it communicate well? Sound, logical progression of argument Theoretical and practical implications (the ‘so what?’ factors!) Recency and relevance of references Adherence to the editorial scopeand objectives of the journal

12. TOP TIP ♯2 What Editors and Reviewers DO NOT want… … possibly the worst first page ever written! How many mistakes can you identify HERE?

13. SOME ANSWERS… The title is too long The title is uninteresting and would not catch the eye of a researcher The authors should not be named on the first page of the article – they should be on a separate title page This paper does not have a Structured Abstract, despite the instructions in the journal No author is named as corresponding author All authors’ addresses should be included with the paper The keywords are OK, however they should include a more general word such as ‘productivity growth’ The article does not list the article’s JEL Index numbers which all submissions to economics journals should contain There are two spelling mistakes and one grammatical error in just abstract There is a footnote on the first page – all articles for Emerald require endnotes.

14. TOP TIP #3 Improve dissemination by… Using short descriptive title containing main keyword, relevant hot topic or Blue Chip – don’t mislead Writing a clear and descriptive abstract containing the main keywords and following any instructions as to content and length Making your references complete and correct – vital for reference linking and citation indices Make a marketing plan for your work – this can include posting your paper on archives (eg SSRN, RePec), using the university press office, infiltrating research networks on listservs, conference and social media communities (eg LinkedIn) Use publishers’ resources – eg http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/promote/index.htm

16. QUESTION #1 What rankings, lists and other resources do you use for your research at Saïd?

17. RANKINGS ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar and usage metrics To provide advice and guidance on using metrics Discuss ABS, REF and journal rankings in a UK context To learn more about your needs Q&A session and follow up Question #1!

18. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) BackgroundThomson Reuters, formerly known as Thomson Scientific, (and formerly known as Thomson ISI!), has provided access to academic research information for over 50 years following the work of its founder Dr Eugene GarfieldISI is by far the most respected ranking for academic journals in the world, and is used for key decisions such as whether an author will publish with a journal, and whether a library will subscribe to it.More information at http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/

19. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) What is ISI? What is commonly referred to by academics as ‘ISI’, ‘SSCI’ or ‘Impact Factors’ is actually just a small part of Thomson Reuters, and more specifically, its ‘Journal Citation Reports’ (JCR). These reports index and rank the journals it has on its ‘Web of Science’ product, and is the collection of bibliographic information of over 12,000 evaluated scholarly journals. A list of all journals can be found on the ‘Master Journal List’, however the JCR will NOT include all journals on the list, as there is a two or three year wait once a journal has been accepted until it has retrievable data. Currently, Emerald has 51 journals ‘on ISI’, ie they can be accessed through the Web of Science and are included in the Journal Citation Reports (if data is available) Access: www.isiknowledge.com

20. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) ‘The cited reference search system allows users to search for articles that cite a known author or work. Impact factors are given to all journals in the ISI Web of Knowledge and are based upon citation analysis. ISI, since its inception, has aimed to provide a systematic way to determine the relative importance of journals within its subject categories – hence the Impact Factor. Impact Factors and a wealth of other statistical data from journals are housed in the JCR.’

21. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) What is an Impact Factor (IF)? Journals are ranked in the JCR depending on how many times the articles included in that journal are cited in other ISI-ranked journals. The ranking is published every June and corresponds to the previous year’s data. ISI uses a calculation of citation data over a three year period to produce an Impact Factor for a given year. For example, the Impact Factor for Supply Chain Management (our highest ranked journal) is 2.341 and relates to 2009 The average Impact Factor for Emerald journals in 2009 has increased to just over 0.700

22. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) How are Impact Factor calculations made?ISI uses the following equation to work out the impact factor of a particular journal:A = 2009 cites to articles published in 2007-2008 B = number of articles published in 2007-2008 A/B = 2009 impact factor for the journal

23. THOMSON REUTERS (ISI) Confused? Here’s an example!Using the Journal of SaïdBusiness School as an example, there were 20 citations in 2009 in other ISI journals from its 2007-2008 issues (A). In this two-year period there were 60 articles published (B), which meant that the impact factor for Journal of SaïdBusiness School in 2009 was 20/60 = 0.333A = 2009 cites (20)B = articles published (60)A/B = 2009 impact factor (0.333)

24. QUESTION #2 Do you think there are any problems in how the Impact Factor is calculated?

25. TOP TIP #4: TAKE A STEP BACK ISI is the most well known ranking, BUT… It is heavily biased towards North America Citations are a good, but not complete, guide to quality Usage is a better measure of utility Other factors to consider are recent articles, most communicative, societies and internationality Be political (e.g. national vs international) and strategic (e.g. five articles in ‘low ranked’ journals vs one in ‘top ranked’ journal)

26. Thomson Reuters, ISI and Impact Factors Mathematical (and political) calculations “If I could get rid of the Impact Factor tomorrow, I would. I hate it… It totally distorts decision-making and it is a very, very bad influence on science” Richard Horton, Editor of The Lancet (Impact Factor: 28.409)

27. QUESTION #3 How much is your research influenced by the REF? What about the ABS? How will your research plans respond? ‘Producing Spaces for Academic Discourse: The Impact of Research Assessment Exercises and Journal Quality Rankings’, Northcott, D. & Linacre, S., Australian Accounting Review No. 52 Vol. 20 Issue 1 2010

28. ABS Ranking Very influential, very quickly Started in 2003 paper from UWE Originally compared UK rankings with 2001 RAE Latest version will remain until 2012 ‘3’ journals NOT on ISI to be demoted ‘2’ journals on ISI to be PROMOTED Bodies such as BAFA are NOT happy…

29. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS The world is changing… ABS List: Updated every 2 years; major influence in UK REF: Submissions for 2013; 20% on ‘impact’; no decision on metrics Spain: Moved to ISI assessment; BUT some using Scopus Sweden: Also using ISI in assessment Australia: New ERA in 2012 - Role of Associations? ISI: Five Year Impact Factor; Series/books index in 2011 Politics: Evidence of changing game from AACSB, efmd, REF, academic figures and as a result of GEC

30. ABS, REF AND INTERNATIONALMARKETS You may think a lot about the ABS and REF… … but how are they viewed internationally? US: minimal impact Tenure Australia: some relevance ERA Europe: some interest CNRS; VhB; ISI Asia: significant developments ISI; ISI; ISI

31. TOP TIP #5: Widen your search While ABS, ISI and the REF may have most attention in the UK, there are many other rankings that provide useful – and potentially more relevant – information…

32. TOP TIP #5 Use a range of bibliometrics: ISI… including ‘Eigenfactor’ and ‘Five year IF’ Scopus… always expanding GoogleScholar… including ‘Publish or Perish’ H-Index Downloads National Research Assessment Exercises Academic research – Harzing, Jacso, Van Raan, Hirsch…..

33. RESEARCH YOUR RESEARCH How well do you know the impact of articles published in your field? Journal of Information Science Online Information Review Scientometrics + general subject or education journals Utilise your research skills around your subject!

34. Scopus Scopus impact Created in 2004 by Elsevier Now includes over 18,000 titles Winning government contracts against ISI Update now available on 2010 SNIP and SJR Good site navigation; institution-level data

35. GoogleScholar ‘Free and easy’ Covers EVERYTHING Free and easy to use Issues with data integrity Still in ‘beta’ phase Easy to get lists of citations, but not to sort One of the most cited authors is ‘First Name’….

36. ‘PUBLISH OR PERISH’ Publish or Perish, or ‘PoP’, is the tongue-in-cheek name of software developed using the algorithms from Google Scholar (www.scholar.google.com) It is the result of work by University of Melbourne academic Professor Anne-Wil Harzing, and lies alongside her work on journal rankings and the compilation of the Harzing List (www.harzing.com) PoP is termed ‘front end software’ as it provides an interface for users to manipulate data from an existing website, in this case Google Scholar Same problems as GoogleScholar… but creates H-Index

37. H-INDEX The H-index aims to provide a robust single-number metric of a journal's impact: “An author with an index of 6 has published 6 papers each of which has been cited by others at least 6 times. Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications and the number of citations per publication” BUT… where are the citations from? Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-index

38. H-INDEX The H-Index The H-Index was formulated by a physicist called Hirsch to give ‘a robust single-number metric of a journal's impact, combining quality with quantity. It can be represented thus: There is anecdotal evidence that it is being quoted by academics in their CVs Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-index

39. H-INDEX: REVISITED Confusion reigns… Search on International Marketing Review for its H-index had following results: On Web of Science: H = 12 On Scopus: H = 19 On Publish or Perish: H = 53 WARNING… where are the citations from?

40. USEFUL RESOURCES www.isiknowledge.com (ISI ranking lists and impact factors) www.harzing.com (Anne-Wil Harzing's site about academic publishing and the assessment of research and journal quality, as well as ‘Publish or Perish’ software to conduct citation analysis) www.scopus.com (abstract and citation database of research literature and quality web sources) www.cabells.com (addresses, phone, e-mail and websites for a large number of journals as well as information on publication guidelines and review information)

41. IMPACT and INSTRUMENTALISM What sort of impact do you want your research to have? Are rankings becoming too instrumental? Utilise market intelligence! Things may change…

42. IMPACT OF RESEARCH Emerald believes that our published research should demonstrate impact. Unlike other bodies debating this question, we take a holistic, more rounded approach and consider research having impact at many levels: Knowledge Teaching Practice Policy making Economy Society

43. Thank you. Any questions? slinacre@emeraldinsight.com

44. IMPACT OF RESEARCH “making a demonstrable difference in a non-academic context”Jonathan Wolff, Professor of Philosophy, University College London, 2010 “[understanding] the nature and purposes of business school research and [demonstrating] its overall value and visibility”AACSB Impact of Research Report, 2008 “the beneficial application of research to achieve social, economic, environmental and/or cultural outcomes. This is not to be confused with impact in the academic domain, which is seen more as an indicator of the intrinsic quality of the research on scholarly or academic measures”Australian Research Quality Framework, 2006

45. Accounting Bonus slides… The Accounting Journal Landscape… Nine journals on FT45 13 journals on ISI 48 Journals on Scopus 100+ peer reviewed journals 1000+ book titles 10,000+ reviews, reports and websites Which route do you choose?

46. Accounting & Finance Emerald’s Accounting & Finance portfolio: 14 Accounting journals 10 Finance journals 14 Accounting & Finance books 1.2 million article downloads in 2010 Leading journal is Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal: A* in Australian ERA, Top Ten on Scopus and over 270,000 articles downloaded in 2010

47. POLITICAL DECISIONS:ABS vs ISI vs Scopus

48. New Journals Why are there so many new journals? Emerald Accounting & Finance Titles

49. Research Demand Changing landscape Massive increase in management education Proliferation of journals online ‘Big Deal’ database offer to libraries Appetite for interdisciplinary research Development of business education as marketplace Globalisation of management education Instrumentalism: pressure on research output