The document summarizes strategies for climate change and sustainable development presented at a conference from March 20-22, 2012 in Hyderabad, India. It discusses concepts like vulnerability, adaptation, national climate change plans, impacts on water resources, agriculture, forests and more. Biocharculture is introduced as a process using biochar for carbon sequestration and sustainable cultivation. Adaptation benefits of biocharculture include securing crops from climate impacts, reclaiming degraded soils, water conservation and reducing impacts of chemicals.

1. Climate Change and
Sustainable Development
Strategies
20thMarch – 22nd March, 2012
Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory;
DR. MCR HRD Institute Campus, Hyderabad
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
Chief Executive Officer [CEO],
GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO]
http://e-geo.org

2. Vulnerability
Vulnerability to climate change is the risk of adverse
things happening
Vulnerability is a function of three factors:
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity

3. Adaptation
“adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm of exploits beneficial
opportunities”
(Third Assessment Report, Working Group II)
Includes “actual” (realized) or “expected” (future)
changes in climate

4. Adaptation (continued)
Two types of adaptation
Autonomous adaptation or reactive adaptation tends to be
what people and systems do as impacts of climate change
become apparent
Anticipatory or proactive adaptation are measures taken to
reduce potential risks of future climate change

5. PROSOPIS JULIFLORA - CAUSE AND USE
Decrease in rainfall SEMI-ARID
Climate change / variability
High temperatures ENVRIONMENT
Increase in intensity of cultivation -Energy Needs
-Charcoal Making
Groundwater use + Contribution of salts - Biochar
-Use of complex fertilizers - Wood for utility
-Surfacing of natural salts -Pods / leaves as
from deep inside the ground livestock feed
through groundwater
ALKALINE SOILS
Poor germination, Fallow Suitable for
Non-availability of soil minerals lands growth of
Decrease in yield Prosopis Juliflora

6. Climate Changes in
India
 Increase in surface
temperature by 0.4
degree C over the
past century.
 Warming trend
along the west
coast, in central
India, the interior
peninsula, and
northeastern India.

7. Climate Changes in India
 Cooling trend in
northwest India and parts
of South India.
 Regional monsoon
variations: increased
monsoon seasonal
rainfall along the west
coast, northern Andhra
Pradesh and North-
western India, decreased
monsoon seasonal
rainfall over eastern
Madhya Pradesh, North-
eastern India, and parts

8. Climate Changes in India
 Observed trends of multi-
decadal periods of more
frequent droughts, followed
by less severe droughts.
 Studies have shown a rising
trend in the frequency of
heavy rain events and
decrease in frequency of
moderate events over central
India from 1951 to 2000.
8

9. Climate Changes in
India
 Records of coastal
tide gauges in the
north Indian ocean for
the last 40 years has
revealed an
estimated sea level
rise between 1.06-
1.75 mm per year.
 The available
monitoring data on
Himalayan glaciers
indicates recession of
some glaciers. 9

10. Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission (Metric Tons)
25
20.01
20
15
11.71
9.4 9.87
10
5 3.6 4.25
1.02
0
USA Europe Japan China Russia India World
average

11. Impacts of Climate Changes
 Water resources
 Agriculture and food production
 Health
 Forests
 Coastal areas
 Vulnerability to extreme events
 Bioenergy
 Livelihoods
 Environment
 Economy
 Ecology
11

12. National Action Plan for
Climate Change (NAPCC)
 Protecting the poor and vulnerable
sections of society through
sustainable development sensitive
to climate change
 Achieving national growth objectives
through a qualitative change in
direction, ecological
sustainability, mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions.
12

13. National Action Plan for
Climate Change (NAPCC)
 Efficient and cost effective strategies
for end use Demand side
Management.
 Technologies for adaptation and
mitigation of greenhouse gases
emissions.
 Promote sustainable development -
Regulatory and voluntary
mechanisms
13

14. Core of NAPCC - National
Missions
 National Solar Mission:The
NAPCC aims to promote the
development and use of solar
energy for power generation and
other uses with the ultimate
objective of making solar
competitive with fossil-based
energy options.
 National Mission for Enhanced
Energy Efficiency: Current
initiatives are expected to yield
These National Missions are being institutionalized by the
respective Ministries/ Departments.2012.
savings of 10,000 MW by

15. Core of NAPCC - National
Missions
 National Mission on
Sustainable Habitat: To
promote energy efficiency as a
core component of urban
planning.
 National Water Mission: With
water scarcity projected to
worsen as a result of climate
change, the plan sets a goal of a
20% improvement in water use
efficiency through pricing and
other measures.

16. Core of NAPCC - National
Missions for Sustaining the
 National Mission
Himalayan Ecosystem: The plan
aims to conserve biodiversity, forest
cover, and other ecological values in
the Himalayan region, where
glaciers that are a major source of
India’s water supply are projected to
recede as a result of global warming.
 National Mission for a “Green
India”: Goals include the
afforestation of 6 million hectares
of degraded forest lands and
expanding forest cover from 23% to
33% of India’s territory.

17. Core of NAPCC - National
Missionsfor Sustainable
 National Mission
Agriculture: The plan aims to support
climate adaptation in agriculture through
the development of climate-resilient
crops, expansion of weather insurance
mechanisms, and agricultural practices.
 National Mission on Strategic Knowledge
for Climate Change: To gain a better
understanding of climate
science, impacts and challenges, the plan
envisions a new Climate Science Research
Fund, improved climate modeling, and
increased international collaboration. It
also encourage private sector initiatives to
develop adaptation and mitigation
technologies through venture capital
funds.

18. Source: New Indian Express

20. Rural Livlihoods - Resources
The livelihoods of the rural poor are directly dependent
on environmental resources.
land Water Forests Energy
Are vulnerable to weather and climate variability
forest
water stress groundwater soil fertility
habitats
increases levels recede declines
disappear.

21. Paying the
most
Climate change will
only exacerbate
the vulnerabilities
of the rural poor.
As climate-
sensitive, natural
ecosystems
deteriorate, subsis
tence will slip
further out of
reach.

22. India’s rural poor, who
have least contributed
to Climate
Change, will pay some
of the problem’s
heaviest tolls.

23. In the life of a
farmer climate
Variability and
Extreme events are
more important
than climate
change

24. Climate Change / Variability in
Semi-arid regions
Precipitation is less than
potential evapo-
transpiration.
Low annual rainfall of 25
to 60 centimeters and
having scrubby vegetation
with short, coarse grasses;
not completely arid.

25. Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions
Climate Variability and extremes are an
expected characteristic of semi-arid lands.
The people vulnerable to droughts, which trigger
frequent subsistence crises
In Andhra Pradesh
Increasing crop
failures, dislocation, famine, poverty, increases 2009 witness to
stratification and the social inequities. • 50 years old
drought
• 100 years old flood

26. “VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE
CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”
Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability
Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification
Community Empowerment
Energy
Bio Diversity Agriculture Production Water Resources
Climate Change
Appropriate Skills Water Management
SCENARIO 1
Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political
AFPRO 26

27. GSBC PROJECT
INTEGRATED APPROACH

28. Major challenges of Agriculture
Climate change - Soil fertility Water
variability - management
extremes
Impact of Burning of crop Alkalinity of soils
hazardous residue
pesticides and
nitrogen

29. 100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0
195152
195253
195354
195455
195556
195657
195758
195859
195960
196061
196162
196263
196364
196465
196566
196667
196768
196869
196970
197071
197172
197273
197374
197475
197576
197677
197778
197879
197980
198081
198182
198283
198384
198485
198586
198687
198788
198889
198990
199091
199192
199293
199394
199495
199596
199697
199798
199899
199900
200001
200102
200203
200304
200405
200506
200607
Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern
R2 = 0.1374
200708
200809
200910
y = -4.6207x + 851.14
201011
201112
201213
201314

30. Crop Water
Soil Climate
Energy Environment

31. Field level
interventions
ACTIVITY
CAPACITY
DEVELOPMENT
FACILITATION RESEARCH

32. INCREASE
D
PRODUC SOIL
SPIRITU CARBON TEMPERA
AL TION
SEQUEST TURE
RATION REGULAT
ED
CREMATI
BELIEFS
ON
TERMITE MOISTUR
S / ANTS E
CULTUR REPULSIO RETENTI
AL N ON
ALTARS RITUALS ENER
GY
EARTHW WATER
SOIL
FESTIVA ORMS CONSERV
AMENDMENT
LS INCREASE ATION
BIOC
HAR
NITROGE
N/
BIOMASS BIOCHAR
PHOSPH
COMPOS
OROUS
T
FOOD RETENTI
INSECT PRESER ON
REPELL VING
ENT FOOD SOIL
MICROBE
NURSERI
FILTERI S
CLEANI PESTICID ES
NG DENSITY
NG INCREASE ES
MEDIA ADBSORB
TION
GOOD
STOVES
SOAK MEDICI • TLUDs
PITS NE • Other
POULTRY -
stoves
CH4
PRACTICES REDUCTIO
N
BIOCH
AR MATTR WASTE
URINAL ESS MANAGE SOURCES
CROP
S MENT (BIOMAS
RESIDUE
S)
• Sludge
BIOCH TOOTH
ANIMALS
AR POWDE
BRICKS R
AIR
AQUAR LIVESTOC
QUALIT POULTRY
IUM / Y FYM / K - URINE
LITTER
TERRA WATER COMPOST AND
• CO2 /
RIUMS TREAT DUNG
MENT
CH4 Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEO
http://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com

33. RITUAL /
SPIRITUAL
AGRICUTU SANITATIO /
SOIL ANIMALS ENERGY HABITAT HEALTH WATER
RE N RELIGIOUS
/
PRACTICES
APPLICATIO
PADDY N IN ANIMAL BIOCHAR
SOURCE FIRE / ALTAR
METHANE PLACES TO BIOCHAR URINALS
FROM / YAGNAS /
EMISSIONS TAP BRICKS CLEANING
EFFICIENT AGNIHOTRA
REDUCTION URINE, SANIT TEETH
TLUD COOK
ATION AND
STOVES
BIOCHAR EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
BIOCHAR
PESTICIDE & TOILETS
COMPLEX
BIOCHAR IN FIRE DURING
CHEMICALS
AQUARIUMS WATER FESTIVALS
AFFECTS RUMINANT
AS BY PURIFICATIO
MITIGATION ANIMALS
PRODUCT N–
METHANE BIOCHAR IN
FROM BIOCHAR COLOR, ODO
EMISSIONS CATTLE
GASIFIER TABLETS R, REMOVAL
EMMISIONS REDUCTION SHEDS
STOVES, BOIL OF HARMFUL
REDUCTION AS FEED
ERS ETC ELEMENTS, E
FROM FARM ADDITIVE BIOCHAR IN
TC.
YARD POULTRY CREMATIONS
MANURES FARMS CLEANING
AND PLATES /
COMPOSTS UTENSILS
BIOCHAR SOAKING IN CHARCOAL
BIOCHAR IN
COMPOST WITH PRODUCTIO
FOOD AS
ANIMALS N FROM NATURAL /
CROP BIOCHAR IN PART OF
URINE AND BIOMASS / ARTIFICIAL
RESIDUE FRIDGES, MA FOOD
EXCRETA - WASTE FIRES IN
MANAGEMEN TTRESSES, ET BATHING PREPARATIO
VALUE MANAGEMEN FORESTS /
T C. NS
ADDITION T FIELDS, ETC.

34. Biocharculture
Biocharculture is the process of using Biochar,
including for cultivation of crops
• Biochar is the charcoal produced from carbonaceous source
material. Sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial
ecosystems
• Biocharculture is one of the means to integrate for sustainable
cultivation and carbon sequestration.
• Biochar is usually produced at around temperatures 300 to 600
degrees centigrade for example as found in the common
biomass cook stoves.
• Because of its macromolecular structure dominated by
aromatic C, Biochar is more recalcitrant to microbial
decomposition than uncharred organic matter

35. Biocharculture Adaptation benefits
Lessen the impact
of hazardous
Securing the crop
Reclaim the water pesticides and
from drought and
degraded soils, conservation, complex chemicals
climate variabiiity
& to reduce plant
uptake.
Conversion of crop
reducing
residue into increases in
emissions and
Biochar an option Increase in crop C, N, pH, and
increasing the
and address yield available P to the
sequestration of
carbon plants
greenhouse gases
sequestration
Reduction in Increase in the soil
Impacts of Biochar Temperature
leaching of the bio microbes / worms
last more than regulation in the
/ chem fertilizers at the biochar and
1000 years. soil
applied soil interface

36. CONTROL AND BIOCHAR - OKRA
Farmers focus
80% ON CROP
20% ON SOIL

37. BIOCHAR COMPOST

38. APPLICATION IN THE FIELDS

39. CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST
4 KGS 8 KGS 12
KGS

40. BIOCHAR
CONTROL
1.5 FEET 6 FEET

41. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement
Objective
1 Better  SMC conservation - Support for
management of  Addition of OM (compost, Labor Cost
soil moisture manures, GM,GLM)
 Cover crop, mulching, - Biomass
residue incorporation availability
2 Efficient use of  Minimising the ground - Credit support
Ground water water usage for critical
irrigation. - Community
 Social regulations to support
control competitive
digging of bore wells
Increasing  SRI under borewell and - Comm.support
efficiency of tanks - Technical
water use support
Micro-irrigation methods - Credit/financial
(drips, spriklers) support

42. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement
Objectives
3 Diversify crop  Crop diversification from - Drought , stress r
/ farm wheat, paddy to resistant varieties
systems millets, Maize, Sorghum
- Timely availability of
 Mono cropping to seeds, contingency
intercropping, mixed seeds
cropping
- Credit for seeds
 Soil fertility improvement
through cropping systems - CB on technology
Encouraging horticulture - Good planting material
 Biomass improvement/ - Timely availability of
integration of Multi-Purpose implements
Trees
 Improved implements - Timely availability of
drought power
 Easing bullock constraint - Marketing support

43. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement
Objectivr
4 Strengthening  Health care system for - Support for man
livestock preventive diseases power
production system  Strengthening sheep
and goat systems - Technical
through CIG concept. support
 Strengthening
Fisheries production
5 Promoting alternate  Promoting back yard - Credit support
livelihood activities poultry
for income  Heifer rearing - Technical
 Ram lamb rearing support
actvity
6 Creating Buffers  Community managed - Infrastructure
fodder banks
 Seed Banks to maintain - Capacity
buffer seed and seeds of Building
contingent crops
- Manpower

44. BIOCHAR
RESULTS
GSBC PROJECT, 2009 (DORUGHT
PREVAILED DURING THE
GROWING SEASON)

45. Methane Emissions from paddy fields

46. Biochar – livestock urine

47. BIOCHAR URINALS
TAPPING NITROGEN FROM
URINE OF ANIMALS AND
PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

48. OTHER BIOCHAR
APPLICATIONS
BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS

52. MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

53. MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

56. BIOCHAR INDIA | BIOCHARCULTURE | GOOD STOVE | GEO | GOODPLANET
BIOCHAR LINKS
Terra Preta Info - Indian conext Biochar Urine
Biochar Experiments Biochar Urinals
Biochar - Alkaline soils
Biochar - Alkaline soils report Biochar Soil life
Charcoal production Termites
Earthworms
Biochar Production
Magh Biochar Retort  Pottery Shards
GEO mini metal kiln In soils
ARTI - Charcoal
Cleaning
Biochar Plants Biochar for Cleaning
Prosopis Juliflora
Prosopis Juliflora report Green Buildings
Biochar Bricks
Stoves
Magh series tlud woodgas or Rural Trash
microgasifier stoves Biochar plus
Anila
GSBC PROJECT ON CNN