Eero Saarinen was a Finnish-American architect and designer active in the 20th century. Some of his most notable works included the TWA Terminal at JFK Airport in New York, the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, and Dulles International Airport in Virginia. For these projects, Saarinen employed sweeping, organic forms and bold structural expressions of his modernist aesthetic. He strived to incorporate architecture that enhanced human life and experience through innovative designs.

1. ARCHITECT
EERO
SAARINEN
SUBMITTED TO
AR. AMANJEET KAUR
SUBMITTED BY
11612 - 11616

2. ERRO SAARINEN
•EERO SAARINEN WAS BORN IN 1910,IN
FINLAND.
• EERO SAARINEN WAS AN AMERICAN
ARCHITECT AND PRODUCT DESIGNER,20TH
CENTURY.
•HE WAS FAMOUS FOR HIS VARYING STYLE
ACCORDING TO DEMAND OF THE PROJECT
SIMPLE, SWEEPING,ARCHING STRUCTURAL
CURVES.
•ACCORDING TO ERRO SAARINEN- “”THE
PURPOSE OF ARCHITECTURE IS TO SHELTER
AND ENHANCE MAN’S LIFE ON EARTH AND TO
FULFILL HIS BELIEF IN THE NOBILITY OF HIS
EXISTENCE”

3. DULLIES AIRPORT
•LOCATION - CHANTILLY , VARGINIA
•DATE - 1958-1962
•
•BUILDING TYPE – AIRLINE TERMINAL
•CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM - CONCRETE
•STYLE – MODERN
•AREA - 11,000 ACRE

4. PLAN OF DULLES AIRPORT
NOTES:
• 1-MAIN LANDSIDE ENTRANCE
• 2-TICKET OFFICES
• 3-AIRSIDE CUSTOMS HALL
• 4-DEPARTURE GATES FOR MOBILE LOUNGES
• 5-AIRSIDE ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS AND
CONTROL TOWER.

5. DULLES AIRPORT
• THE FIRST COMMERCIAL AIRPORT EVER TO BE
CONCEIVED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF JET
AIRCRAFT OPERATION- EERO SAARINEN’S
GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT AS A DESIGNER.
• THE TWO PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE
AIRPORT ARE THE 150 FEET SPAN SUSPENSION
ROOF OVER THE CENTRALIZED AIRPORT
FACILITIES, AND THE REVOLUTIONARY MOBILE
LOUNGES TO TRANSPORT PASSENGERS TO
AND FROM AIRCRAFT PARKED AT STRATEGIC
POINTS ON THE APRON- AVOIDANCE OF MILES
OF PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR LEADING FROM
THE TERMINAL TO THE AIRCRAFT.

6. DULLES AIRPORT
• CONCEIVING THE MAIN BUILDING AS A
PLANE HOVERING BETWEEN EARTH AND
SKY, SAARINEN DEVELOPED A SUSPENSION
STRUCTURE RELATED TO THAT EMPLOYED
ON THE INGALLS HOCKEY RINK.
• HERE HE USED THE SAME CATENARY
CABLES TO CARRY THE ROOF, OUTWARD
LEANING CONCRETE COLUMNS AND THE
SAME UNINTERRUPTED ROOFS CAPE FROM
WITHIN. MAIN FEATURES
• AN UNDERGROUND TUNNEL CONSISTING
OF A PASSENGER WALKWAY AND MOVING
SIDEWALKS
. •THE TERMINAL CEILING IS SUSPENDED IN
AN ELEGANT CURVE ABOVE THE LUGGAGE
CHECK-IN AREA.

7. DULLIES AIRPORT
• •THERE ARE TWO SETS OF GATES IN THE MAIN
TERMINAL
•THE MAIN TERMINAL IS A VERY WELL
REGARDED BUILDING; ITS ROOF IS A
SUSPENDED CATENARY PROVIDING A WIDE
ENCLOSED AREA UNIMPEDED BY COLUMNS.
CURVED ROOF SUPPORTED UPON COLUMN

8. DULLES AIRPORT
VIEW TOWARDS LANDSLIDE FROM PRINCIPAL
FLOOR
SECTION THROUGH TERMINAL BUILDING

9. TRANS WORLD AIRLINE
TERMINAL
• Location: John F. Kennedy International Airport,
Queens, New York
• Area: 17.6 acres (7.1 ha)
• Architectural style: Modern Movement,
Expressionistic

10. TRANS WORLD AIRLINE
TERMINAL
SECTIONAL DRAWING OF TWA TERMINAL SHOWING
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT BENEATH 4 MAJOR VAULTS
CONCEPT
THE BUILDING DESIGNED TO BE THE EMBODIMENT
OF FLIGHT . SAARINEN DEVELOPED THE FORM
WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE . ITS
EXPRESSIVE FORMS ALLOW THE BUILDING TO
STAND OUT AGAINST ITS
CONTEMPORARIES. THE FLUID NATURE OF
CONCRETE WAS PUSHED TO THE EXTREME IN
CREATING THE BIRD-LIKE FORMS. THE
CONCRETE ALSO MADE A SOLID CHOICE SINCE
THE BUILDING WOULD BE SUBJECT TO MILLIONS
OF TRAVELLERS A YEAR. THE MATERIALS HAD TO
BE DURABLE.

11. TRANS WORLD AIRLINE
TERMINAL
ONE OF THE CURVILINEAR SERVICE WINGS
WHICH REACH OUT BENEATH CONCRETE
VAULTS
• SAARINEN’S MOST FAMOUS DESIGN, THE TWA
TERMINAL WAS INTENDED TO EXPRESS THE DRAMA
AND EXCITEMENT OF AIR TRAVEL THROUGH A
STRUCTURE WHICH APPEARED AT ALL TIMES TO BE
IN MOTION, CONSTANTLY CHANGING AND
TRANSPORTING THE AIRLINE PASSENGER.
• THE BASIC STRUCTURE ITSELF CONSISTS OF FOUR
INTERCONNECTED BARREL VAULTS OF SLIGHTLY
DIFFERENT SHAPES SUPPORTED ON FOUR Y-SHAPED
COLUMNS.
• THESE VAULTS FORM A VAST CONCRETE SHELL, 50
FEET HIGH AND 315 FEET LONG, ENCLOSING THE
WHOLE PASSENGER AREA OF THE TERMINAL.

12. GATEWAY ARCH
•LOCATION - ST. LOUIS MISSOURI
•CONSTRUCTION - 1961-1966
•BUILDING TYPE – MEMORIAL ARCH
OBSERVATION TOWER
•CONSTRUCTION SYSYTEM -STAINLESS STEEL
•STYLE - STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONIST
MODERN

13. GATEWAY ARCH
BASE OF ARCH
•GATEWAY ARCH IS THE 2ND TALLEST
MONUMENT IN HE WORLD.
•THE ARCH IS LOCATED AT THE BANKS OF
MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
•IT STANDS 630 FEET (192 M) TALL, AND IS 630
FEET (192 M) AT ITS WIDEST POINT.
•.THE CROSS-SECTIONS OF ITS LEGS ARE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES, NARROWING
FROM 54 FEET 16.5 M PER SIDE AT THE BASE
TO 17 FEET (5.2 M) AT THE TOP.

14. TRASNPORTATION
SYSTEM(GATEWAY ARCH)
FIGURES SHOWING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
•THE INTERIOR OF THE ARCH IS HOLLOW AND
CONTAINS A UNIQUE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
LEADING TO AN OBSERVATION DECK AT THE
TOP.
•THE INTERIOR OF THE ARCH ALSO CONTAINS
TWO EMERGENCY STAIRWELLS OF 1076
STEPS
EACH, IN THE EVENT OF A NEED TO EVACUATE
THE ARCH OR IF A PROBLEM DEVELOPS WITH
THE TRAM SYSTEM
•.UNDERNEATH THE ARCH IS A VISITOR
CENTER, ENTERED FROM A DESCENDING
OUTDOOR

15. TRASNPORTATION
SYSTEM(GATEWAY ARCH)
OBSERVATION AREA
 ENTRANCE TO THE ARCH IS FROM THE
UNDERGROUND GEORGE B. HARTZOG, JR.
VISITOR CENTER, LOCATED DIRECTLY
BENEATH IT.
 PLATFORM AT THE TOP OF THE ARCH
REACHED BY UNIQUE CONVEYANCE SYSTEM
- A 40-PASSENGER TRAIN MADE UP OF EIGHT
FIVE-PASSENGER CAPSULES IN EACH LEG.
 THE OBSERVATION PLATFORM IS 65 FEET BY 7
FEET, WITH PLATE-GLASS WINDOWS
 THERE IS ALSO A CONVENTIONAL
MAINTENANCE ELEVATOR IN EACH LEG AS
FAR AS THE 372-FOOT LEVEL, AND STAIRWAYS
WITH 1,076 STEPS IN EACH LEG RISE FROM
THE BASE TO THE TOP OF THE ARCH. THE
ELEVATORS AND STAIRWAYS ARE FOR
MAINTENANCE AND EMERGENCY USE ONLY.

16. CONSTRUCTION
( GATEWAY ARCH)
FIGURES SHOWING CONSTRUCTION OF
GATEWAY ARCH

17. NORTH CHRISTIAN
CHURCH
•LOCATION : COLUMBUS , INDIANA
• DATE : 1959 TO 1963
• BUILDING : CHURCHTYPE
• CLIMATE : TEMPERATE
• CONTEXT : SUBURBAN
• STYLE : MODERN

18. PLAN & SECTION
(NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH)

19. NORTH CRISTIAN CHURCH
INTERIOR OF CHURCH
•THE BUILDING IS HEXAGONAL IN SHAPE WITH
CENTRAL SPIRE WHICH IS 192 FEET (59M) HIGH
BELOW THE SPIRE THERE IS OCULUS
THAT ADMITS LIGHT INTO MAIN LEVEL .
• THE SANCTURY IS LOCATED AT THE
CENTRE OF THE BUILDING ,WITH A ALTAR
LOCATED AT THE CENTRE OF THE SANCTURY .
•ROWS OF PEWS SURROUND THE ALTAR IN THE
CICULAR PATTERN , REFLECTING THE IDEA THAT
WORSHIP SHOULD BE” CENTRAL”ASPECT OF
THE LIFE OFCONGREGATION .

20. NORTH CHRISTIAN
CHURCH
OCULUS FOR ADMITION OF
LIGHT IN THE CHURCH
REAR VIEW OF CHURCH

21. KRESGE CHAPEL
•LOCATION - CAMBRIDGE
•COMPLETION DATE – 1955
•BUILDING TYPE – CHAPEL
•CONSTRUCTON SYSTEM – BRICK
•STYLE- MODERN

22. PLAN OF CHAPEL
2
PLAN OF CHAPEL AND NARTHEX
1
1-MAIN ENTRANCE
2-CIRCULAR CHAPEL
3-NARTHEX WITH AUXILIARY ACCOMODATION

23. KRESGE CHAPEL
INTERIORS OF CHAPEL
A BRICK DRUM 50 FEET IN DIAMETER, THE CHAPEL HAS
THE SEATING FOR ONLY 128 PEOPLE, AND STANDS IN A
SMALL POOL ALSO OF CIRCULAR FORM.

24. KRESGE CHAPEL
 DERIVED HIS INSPIRATION FROM A
RECOLLECTION OF A STUDENT VISIT TO
GREECE WHEN BRIGHT MOONLIGHT OVER A
MOUNTAIN VILLAGE IN SPARTA HAD
CREATED AN EFFECT SIMILAR TO THE ONE
HE TRIED TO ACHIEVE BY THE INGENIOUS
COMBINATION OF TOP AND BOTTOM
LIGHTING HERE.
 LOW ARCHES SET INTO THE BASE OF THE
WALL ALLOW DAYLIGHT TO ILLUMINATE THE
INTERIOR OF THE REFLECTION FROM THE
POOL, WHILST THE UNDULATING INTERIOR
SKIN OF BRICKWORK MODULATES THE
REFLECTIONS THUS FORMED SO THAT THEY
DO NOT DETRACT FROM THE ARTFUL TOP
LIGHTING OF THE ALTAR VIA A SHIMMERING
SUSPENDED SCREEN DESIGNED BY THE
FORMER CRANBROOK TEACHER, ARRY
BERTOIA.