1) The document discusses methods for converting sound energy into electrical energy as an alternative energy source. 2) It describes three methods - using a diaphragm and magnets, converting sound to heat then to electricity, and using piezoelectric materials which generate electricity when experiencing mechanical strain from sound waves. 3) Piezoelectric materials are highlighted as a promising method as certain crystals can directly convert the mechanical vibrations from sound waves into electric charges due to their piezoelectric effect.

1. SOUND TO ELECTRICITY
HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALDIA
PRAYUKTI 2014
GOSPEL CAT.1
PRESENTED BY:
RUPESH KUMAR AEIE 9042538
H.I.T
SABORNI SANFUI AEIE 8691383
H.I.T
PRAGNYA DASGUPTA AEIE 9331378

2. CAN YOU IMAGINE YOUR LIFE WITHOUT YOUR
COMPUTER, MOBILE, LIGHTS AND OTHER DAILY USED
APPLIANCES, IT IS REALLY VERY HARD TO IMAGINE OUR
LIFE WITHOUT THESE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES.
ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION IS INCREASING
DRASTICALLY, ON THE OTHER HAND PRODUCTION OF
ELECTRIC POWER IS LIMITED.
IT’S TIME TO THINK OF SOME ALTERNATIVE AND GREEN.
HERE WE ARE INTRODUCING AN ALTERNATIVE :
SOUND!!!

3. AIM: TO CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
SOUND ENERGY IS A MECHANICAL ENERGY WHICH TRAVEL IN THE
FORM OF WAVE, MECHANICAL WAVE THAT IS AN OSCILLATION OF
PRESSURE WHICH NEED MEDIUM TO TRAVEL.
AS SOUND WAVE IS A MECHANICAL WAVE WHEN IT TRAVELS THROUGH
A MEDIUM IT DISTURBS THE PARTICLE OF THE MEDIUM THESE
DISTURBANCE CREATED BY SOUND COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY BY THE LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
IN OUR DAILY USE WE USE MANY PRODUCTS IN WHICH THE
CONVERSION BETWEEN SOUND ENERGY AND ELECTRIC ENERGY
TAKES PLACE FOR E.G.:-MIC , SPEAKER , MOBILE PHONE
,TRANSDUCERS. HOWEVER THE AMOUNT OF CONVERSION IS VERY
SMALL AND WE REQUIRE LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO CONVERT IT

4. METHODS OF CONVERSION
1. USE OF DIAPHRAGM
• SUPPOSE WE CREATE A VERY THIN CURTAIN LIKE DIAPHRAGM WHICH
WILL GET FLUCTUATED BY THE OSCILLATION AND PRESSURE CREATED
BY SOUND WAVE.
• A CONDUCTOR WILL BE ATTACHED TO IT WHICH WILL BE PLACED
BETWEEN MAGNETIC BARS THESE FLUCTUATION WILL CREATE A
MOVEMENT IN CONDUCTOR WHICH WILL AFFECT THE MAGNETIC FIELD
OF THE MAGNET THIS WILL GENERATE MOTIONAL EMF AND WILL
GENERATE VOLTAGE ACROSS IT.
• GENERATED VOLTAGE (EMF) = (VELOCITY OF CONDUCTOR) X (MAGNETIC
FIELD) X (LENGTH OF CONDUCTOR)
• AS THE FREQUENCY INCREASES THE MOVEMENT WILL BE FAST. IT WE
WILL PRODUCE APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY. IT
WOULD WORK SIMILAR AS THE WORKING OF TURBINE. BUT ITS
LIMITATION WILL BE THAT IT WILL BE EFFICIENT ONLY IN THE PLACE

5. 2. PRODUCTION OF HEAT
IN THIS METHOD WE COULD CONVERT SOUND ENERGY
TO HEAT ENERGY.
 AS SOUND WAVE TRAVEL BY OSCILLATING THE PARTICLES OF
THE MEDIUM SO WHEN SOUND ENERGY TRAVEL THROUGH THE
MEDIUM IT WILL DISTURB THE PARTICLES OF THE
MEDIUM, THESE DISTURBANCES WILL BE USED TO CONVERT
SOUND TO HEAT.
 THIS METHOD IS LESS EFFICIENT DUE TO MORE ENERGY LOSSES
TAKING PLACE WHILE CONVERSION OF SOUND ENERGY TO HEAT
ENERGY AND THEN HEAT ENERGY TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.

6. 3. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
• PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS ARE TRANSDUCERS, ITS’S
CRYSTALS COULD CONVERT MECHANICAL STRAIN TO
ELECTRICITY, THE CRYSTALS ARE FORMED NATURALLY E.G.
QUARTZ, BONE, DNA …. AS WELL AS ARTIFICIALLY
ZnO, Lithium Nibatet, Lead Metaniobate.
PROPERTIES
PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
WHEN THE CRYSTAL IS MECHANICALLY STRAINED (BY SOUND)
OR WHEN IT IS DEFORMED BY THE APPLICATION OF AN
EXTERNAL STRESS, ELECTRIC CHARGES APPEAR ON THE
CRYSTALS SURFACES; AND WHEN THE DIRECTION OF THE
STRAIN IS REVERSED, THE POLARITY OF THE ELECTRIC
CHARGE IS REVERSED. THIS IS CALLED PIEZOELECTRIC
EFFECT.

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INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
INVERSELY, WHEN A PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL IS PLACED IN
AN ELECTRIC FIELD, OR WHEN CHARGES ARE APPLIED BY
EXTERNAL MEANS TO ITS FACES , THE CRYSTAL EXHIBITS
STRAIN, I.E. ITS DIMENSIONS CHANGES. THEN THE
DIRECTION OF THE APPLIED FIELD IS REVERSED, THE
DIRECTION OF THE RESULTING STRAIN IS REVERSED. THIS
IS INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT.
PIEZO ELECTRIC EFFECT INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC
EFFECT

8. • THIS DIRECT PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT PROPERTY OF A
PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL COULD BE USED FOR MAKING THE
DEVICE TO CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.
• PIEZO CONVERTER: A DEVICE COULD BE MADE USING
PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL WHICH WILL COLLECT THE SOUND
WAVE WHICH ARE TRAVELLING NEAR IT AND THAT SOUND WAVE
WILL BE USED TO CAUSE A STRAIN DUE TO PRESSURE CREATED
BY ITS OSCILLATION IN THE PIEZO CRYSTAL.
• THAT WILL CREATE THE DISTURBANCE IN ITS ATOMS RESULTING
IN THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE ON THE SURFACE OF THE
CRYSTAL THUS SOUND ENERGY COULD BE CONVERTED INTO
ELECTRICITY AS THE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL CONVERT
MECHANICAL STRAIN TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.

9. IT’S SCOPE
• IT COULD HELP US TO REDUCE THE SCARCITY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
GLOBALLY AND HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANKIND AND
REDUCTION OF CO2 AS ELECTRIC ENERGY IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST
ENERGY.
• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN THE ROAD WOULD BE ABLE TO CONVERT
INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY AND LIGHTS THE STREET LIGHTNING, SIGNALS
AND VARIOUS OTHER ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES.
• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN RUNWAY COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY
• THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCE IN NUCLEAR POWER STATION COULD
INCREASE AS THE SOUND PRODUCE DURING NUCLEAR FISSION ALSO
COULD BE USED TO GET MORE ELECTRIC ENERGY
• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN INDUSTRIES COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE

10. CONCLUSION
• AS SOUND HAS ENORMOUS AMOUNT ENERGY WITH IT, IT COULD BE USED BY
CONVERTING IT INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.
• SOUND ENERGY COULD BE CONVERTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS:
METHOD 1-BY CREATING APPARATUS USING CURTAIN (DIAPHRAGM)
MAGNET AND CONDUCTOR
METHODS 2-BY CONVERTING SOUND ENERGY>HEAT ENERGY AND THEN
HEAT ENERGY>ELECTRIC ENERGY OR
METHOD 3-BY USING TRANSDUCERS SUCH AS PIEZO ELECTRIC
MATERIAL WHICH CONVERTS MECHANICAL STRAIN>ELECTRIC ENERGY AND
VICE4 VERSA.
• PIEZO ELECTRIC CRYSTALS ARE THE CRYSTALS WHICH CONVERTS
MECHANICAL STRAIN TO ELECTRIC ENERGY
• IN THIS ASPECT LOT OF RESEARCH IS TO BE DONE BUT ON A POSITIVE NOTE
THIS COULD SURELY BE DONE WHICH COULD SOLVE THE ENERGY PROBLEM

11. DEMERITS
• LOTS OF WORK IS TO BE DONE IN THIS FIELD.
• ITS EFFICIENCY IS NOT THAT GOOD SO IMPROVEMENT IS BEING REQUIRED.
• IT IS BIT COSTLIER. AS WHOLE SETUP WOULD BE DONE.
• IT COULD NOT BE USED IN THE PLACES WHERE DECIBEL OF SOUND IS VERY
LOW.
REFERENCES
1. Piezo materials-(1.)Mael guennou- titzeff.
2. Revathi G, Ingitham R” Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System
in Mobiles with Keypad and Sound Vibrations” International Journal
of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 1 Issue 4, June
– 2012
3. A course in electrical and electronics measurement and
instrumentation – A.K.SAWHNEY DIAPHRAGM AND
PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECTS.