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4. Bones of lower limb
• Hip bone
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Patella
• Tarsal bones
• Metatarsal bones
• Phalanges

6. Hip bones

7. Hip bones (Innominate bone)
• Flat bones, form bony pelvis along with sacrum
and coccyx
• Posteriorly articulate with the sacrum at the
sacroiliac joint
• Anteriorly articulate with each other at a joint
called pubic symphysis
• Contains 3 parts – pubis, ilium and ischium

8. TYPES OF PELVIC BONES
There are four pelvic bones that form pelvis:
1. Two Hip bones (Innominate or nameless)
2. One Sacrum
3. One Coccyx

10. 1.TWO INNOMINATE BONES
innominate bone is made up of three bones
 Ilium
 Ischium
 pubic bone.

12. 2.SACRUM
It is a wedge shaped bone made up of five
fused bones.
It has following parts-
 Sacral promontory: it is prominent upper margin of
first sacral vertebrae, projects inwards
 Sacro iliac joint
 Wings of Sacrum or Ala of Sacrum
 Hollow of the Sacrum: concave

15. 3.COCCYX
 It is a vestigial tail consists of four fused
vertebrae forming a small triangular
bone.
 It is articulated with the sacrum
 Coccyx moves backward during
childbirth

17. PELVIC JOINTS
There are four pelvic joints:
 Two sacroiliac joints.
 One pubic symphysis joint.
 One sacrococcygeal joint.

19. PELVIC JOINTS
There are four pelvic joints:
 Two sacroiliac joints.
 One pubic symphysis joint.
 One sacrococcygeal joint.

20. Applied anatomy
• Common site for intramuscular injection is
gluteus muscle
• Tail bone pain

21. Femur (thigh bone)
The Longest and strongest bone of the body.
Parts:
 Upper end
 Lower end
 Shaft

23. Upper end
Head , neck , fovea capitis , trochanter fossa ,
greater trochanter , lesser trochanter.
Inter trochanter line (anterior side)
Inter trochanter crest (posterior side)
Lower end
Medial and lateral condyles
Anterior – patellar articulating surface
Posterior – inter condylar area

24. Inferior aspect articulates with the condyles of
the tibia (knee joint)
Medial – adductor
Shaft
3 borders – medial , lateral , posterior(linea aspera
) .
3 surface – anterior, medial , lateral
Medial linea aspera continues upward as spiral
line and downward as medial supracondylar
line.
Lateral linea aspera continues upward as gluteal
tuberosity and downward as lateral supra
condylar line .

26. Patella
• Largest sesamoid bone, develops in the
tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.
• Situated at the knee, in front of medial and
lateral condyles of femur .
• Triangular shaped has – base, apex,
anterior and posterior surfaces .

29. • Base directed upwards, gives attachment
to tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
• Apex directed downwards, gives
attachment to ligamentum patellae or
patellar ligament
• Posterior surface presents articular areas
for medial and lateral condyles of femur
• Articular area for lateral condyle is larger
than ther articular area for medial condyle

31. Tibia

32. Tibia
• Medial bone of the leg
• Has – upper and lower ends , shaft
Upper end:
Presents medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity and
intercondylar area.
Tibial tuberosity : is present on the anterior aspect presents of
upper end, gives attachment to ligamentum patella
(patellar ligament).
Lateral condyle : on its lateral aspects presents an articular facet
for head of fibula .
Superior surfaces : of lateral and medial condyles contain
smooth articular areas for lateral and medial condyles of femur

33. Intercondylar area: Situated on the superior
surfaces of upper end, between the articular areas
for femur, Divided into anterior and posterior
intecondylar areas by the intercondylar eminence.
Lower end:
Presents a presents a projection on the medial side called medial
malleolus Inferior surface of lower end and medial malleolus
articulate with talus .
Shaft
• Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces .
• Borders – anterior,medial and lateral(interosseous)
• Surfaces – medial, lateral and posterior .

34.  Posterior divided in to upper and lower
parts by a ridge called soleal line
which gives attachment to soleus
muscle .

37. Fibula

38. Fibula
• it Is a lateral bone of leg
• it Has a upper and lower ends , shaft .
Upper end
Upper end is called head, expanded in all directions
Lower end
• it Is flat and called lateral malleolus
• Its medial aspect presents of
– smooth, triangular articular area for talus .
– depression called malleolar fossa .

39. Shaft
• Narrow upper part of the shaft near the head is called
neck and related to common peroneal nerve
• Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces
• Borders – anterior, medial (interosseous) and posterior
• Surfaces – anterior, lateral and posterior .
 Lower part of posterior surface presents a
ridge called peroneal (medial) crest

43. Bones of foot
• Foot contains tarsal bones, metatarsal bones
and phalanges
• Tarsal bones are 7 in number
• Talus, calcaneum, cuboid, navicular, medial,
lateral and intermediate cuneiform bones .

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