This document discusses different language teaching methods: grammar-translation, direct method, audio-lingual method, silent way, and communicative language teaching. It focuses on explaining the grammar-translation and direct methods in detail. The grammar-translation method emphasizes reading, writing, and pronunciation through translating between the native and target languages. The direct method prohibits translation and focuses on oral communication, pronunciation, and self-correction through using only the target language. While both have benefits and drawbacks, teachers should understand various methods to choose the most effective approach.
2. Why learning methods?
It is important to realise that teachers need to
know different approaches so that he or she can
choose the one that makes teaching more
comfortable.
3. What are the methods?
Larzen-Freeman (2008) presents several teaching methods:
The grammar-translation method
The direct method
The audio-lingual method
The silent way
Total Physical Response
Communicative language teaching
4. Which is the best one?
There’s no bad or good in this matter. It is good
to get to know them all.
5. Let’s start?
Now, we are going to talk about two of these
methods:
The grammar-translation method
and
The direct method
6. First of all...
The author of the book uses experiments to
explain how the methods work. It is important
to try the methods in fact, not only study them.
7. Grammar-Translation Method
This first method is based in an exchange of the
knowledge of the student’s mother language
and the new language’s one.
It is useful for literature situations, it means,
basically, for written texts, comprehension.
8. It allows the teacher and the students to use the
mother language to translate and create
references from one idiom to the other.
I was in my mother’s house.
Eu estava na casa da minha mãe.
9. Like this, he student becomes capable of
recognizing similar constructions and build in
their heads the ones that are new.
10. If the student can translate a text, both from
their mother language to the target language
and the opposite situation, then he or she is a
successful language learner.
11. How is the interaction in this method?
There must be much interaction from teacher to
students, a little student initiation and a little
student-student interaction.
Student
Teacher
Student
Student
12. What are the emphasized language
skills?
Reading
Writing
Pronunciation
13. What is the role of the mother
language?
The mother language is used to make clear
meanings.
This is the idiom that appears the most time
during the classes.
15. To finish:
The most important thing about Grammar-
Translation is that the students learn about the
language but they do not learn how to use it.
They search for understanding a text which is
already written.
16. The Direct Method
This second method we are about to explain,
diferently from the one we have just saw, has
one basic rule:
No translation
is allowed.
17. The
teacher
uses the Knowledge
Demonstration
of the
target target
language language
to learn
the same
one.
18. How is the interaction in this method?
There is a great student-student interaction and
a significative student-teacher, but the ‘teacher-
student’ arrow is the biggest one.
Student
Student
19. What are the emphasized language
skills?
Oral Communication
Pronunciation
Reading
Writing
20. What is the role of the mother
language?
It should not be used in the classroom.
The teacher has to do everything that is possible
to make the student learn from the new
language.
22. What about a guideline?
Grammar-
Direct Method
Translation Method
Main goal: Understanting Main goal: Communicating
Role of native language: Almost
Role of native language: Crucial
null
How? Translating. How? Speaking
Skills: Reading/ Writing Skill: Speaking
Errors: Teacher’s correction Errors: Self-Correction
