M med chapter_001

Chapter 1

Introduction to Word Parts

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

Lesson 1.1

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1-2

Objectives

 Describe four origins of medical terms.
 Identify and define the four word parts and
combining forms.
 Analyze and define medical terms.
 Build medical terms for given definitions.


Understand the Content of Chapter 1
Before Moving on to Chapter 2

 Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the
text because it is here that you are introduced
to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes,
and combining vowels—and the rules for
combining them to build medical terms.
 You will use this information in each of the
subsequent chapters to analyze, build,
define, and spell terms built from word parts.


Medicine Has a
Language of Its Own

 Current medical vocabulary includes terms
built from Greek and Latin word parts,
eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern
language


Origins of Medical Language


Clicker Question

The medical term SARS (severe acute
respiratory syndrome) is an example of a(an)

d) term built from word parts
e) acronym
f) eponym
g) term taken from modern language


Four Word Parts

1. Word Root: fundamental meaning of a
medical term – the core of the word
2. Prefix: attached to beginning of a medical
term to modify its meaning
3. Suffix: attached to end of a medical term to
modify its meaning
4. Combining Vowel: used to ease
pronunciation – usually an “o”


Table 1.1 Guidelines for Using
Combining Vowels


Examples

Word Roots: arthr: joint hepat: liver
ven: vein oste: bone

Prefixes: intra-: within sub-: under

Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ic: pertaining to

-ous: pertaining to -pathy: disease
Combining vowel: o

Clicker Question

The word part that is the
core of the word is a

d) combining vowel
e) suffix
f) word root
g) prefix


Combining Form

Word Root + Combining Vowel
Examples: arthr/o
hepat/o
ven/o
oste/o


Table 1.2 Word Parts and
Combining Form


Some Basic Rules

 All medical terms have at least one word root
 Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or
combining vowel
 Combining vowels are used to connect word
roots or word root and suffix
 When a suffix begins with a vowel, the
combining vowel is usually not used


Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)

 When connecting two word roots, a
combining vowel is usually used even if
vowels are present at the junction
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis
 Usually medical terms are defined by starting
at the end of the term and going back to the
beginning
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis–inflammation
of the bone and joints


Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)

 A few terms are more easily and accurately
defined by starting at the beginning of the
term.
Example: melan/oma
melan = black
-oma = tumor


Clicker Question

If vowels are present at the junction of two word
roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term,
a combining vowel is usually

e) still used
f) not used
g) used twice
h) the letter i


Table 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical
Terms Built From Words Parts


Word Parts for Practice

Word Roots: Prefixes:
(Comb. Forms) intra-: within
arthr/o: joint sub-: under
hepat/o: liver
ven/o: vein
osteo: bone
Suffixes:
Combining Vowel: -itis: inflammation
o -ic: pertaining to
-ous: pertaining
-pathy: disease

Analyze and Define

 arthritis
 intravenous
 osteitis
 osteoarthritis
 subhepatic
 osteopathy
 arthropathy
 hepatitis


Building Medical Terms

 inflammation of a joint
 pertaining to within a vein
 inflammation of the bone
 inflammation of the bone and joint
 pertaining to under the liver
 disease of the bone
 disease of the joint
 inflammation of the liver


1. 2.
 1. Normal knee joint.
 2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation.


Clicker Question

Which of the following is analyzed correctly?
WR CV S S WR CV S

a) arthr/o/path/y b) arthr/o/pathy
CF CF

P CV S

c) arthr/o/pathy
CF


Grimm Cartoon


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