2. The Puritans Decide to
Chapter 4, Section 1
Leave England
Who were the Puritans?
• A religious group who had hoped to
reform the Church of England
Why did they leave England?
• The king disapproved of Puritans and
their ideas, canceled Puritan business
charters, and had some Puritans jailed.
• They believed that England had fallen on
“evil and declining times.”
• They wanted to build a new society based
on biblical laws and teachings.
3. Problems in Massachusetts
Caused People to Leave
Who Left? For Where? Why? Results
Thomas Founded He thought the He established a
governor and other colony with strict
Hooker Connecticut officials such as the limits on
General Court had government.
too much power.
Settlers wrote the
Fundamental
Orders of
Connecticut.
General Court—Massachusetts assembly elected by male church members
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—a plan of government that gave all male
property owners the right to vote, not just church members, and limited the
governor’s power
4. Problems in Massachusetts
Caused People to Leave
Who Left? For Where? Why? Results
Roger Settled in He He set up a
colony where
Williams Rhode believed church and
Island that the state were
Puritan completely
separate. He
church fostered
had too religious
much tolerance.
power.
Anne Fled to She questioned She later
the Puritan became a
Hutchinson Rhode church’s symbol of the
Island teachings; she struggle for
was tried and
religious
ordered out of
freedom.
the colony.
religious tolerance—willingness to let others
practice their own beliefs.
5. Puritans and Native Americans Fought Over Land
As more colonists settled in New England, they began to take over more Native American
lands.
By 1670 nearly 45,000 settlers were living in New England.
In 1675, Chief Metacom and the Wampanog Indians destroyed 12 towns and killed more
than 600 settlers.
6. Towns and Villages
Were Important in
New England Life
• In the center of each village was
the common, an open field where
the settlers’ cattle grazed.
• The Puritans worshiped in the
village meeting house. They took
their Sabbath, or holy day of rest,
seriously.
• Settlers gathered at the meeting
house for town meetings, where
they discussed and voted on
issues.
• Some towns became important
centers of trade and shipbuilding.
7. New Netherland Became New York
1626 and on
• The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. Settlers traded in furs. New Amsterdam became a thriving
port.
• To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners of the estates were
called patroons.
• People from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland because of its religious tolerance. The
colony grew.
• Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New
Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony.
• Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the
harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot.
1664
• The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.
8. New Jersey
Separated From
New York
• The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily.
• He gave up some land to friends. They set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was
a proprietary colony( where king gave land to one or more people) These
proprietors could divide the land and make laws for it.
• Settlers came from many countries.
• In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which is a colony under the direct
control of the English crown.
9. • In England, William Penn joined
the Quakers, a religious group
that believed that all people
were equal in God’s sight.
Quakers were against war.
• Quakers were arrested, fined, or
even hanged for their ideas.
• Penn believed the Quakers must
leave England. He turned to the
king for help.
• The king issued a royal charter
naming Penn proprietor of a
new colony, later called
Pennsylvania.
• Penn called for fair treatment of
Native Americans.
• Penn welcomed settlers of
different faiths and people from
many countries, including
Germany. Other colonists called
the Germans Pennsylvania
Dutch, from the word
William Penn Founded “Deutsch,” which means
German.
Pennsylvania
10. SOUTHERN COLONIES
Maryland Was Important to Roman
•
Catholics
1632—Sir George Calvert became a Roman Catholic. He asked King Charles I for a colony in the Americas for
Catholics. Calvert died. His son, Lord Baltimore, took over.
• 1634—Settlers arrived in Maryland. Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and council of advisers, but he let
colonists elect an assembly.
• 1649—Lord Baltimore asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration, a law that provided religious freedom
for all Christians.
11. • Settlers arrived in Virginia, expecting profits from planting tobacco.
• Wealthy planters already had the best lands near the coast.
Newcomers were pushed farther inland, onto Indian lands.
• Settlers and Indians clashed.
• Settlers asked the governor for help. He wouldn’t act.
• In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon organized angry frontier planters. They
raided Native American villages, then burned Jamestown.
• The revolt soon ended when Bacon died suddenly.
Bacon’s Rebellion
12. The Carolinas and
Georgia Are
Carolinas
Founded
North:
• poor tobacco farmers from Virginia
• small farms
South:
• eight English nobles
• Charles Town
• settlers from the Caribbean
• rice and indigo, a plant used to
make blue dye
• enslaved Africans
Georgia
• James Oglethorpe
• debtors, or people who owed
money and could not pay
13. Two Ways of Life in the Southern
Colonies
Tidewater Plantations Backcountry
Land coastal plain, many riversrolling hills, thick forests
Farms large plantations small farms
Crops tobacco, rice, indigo tobacco, garden crops
Slavery Enslaved Africans Few enslaved Africans
tended Tidewater worked backcountry
plantations farms.
14. Why the Slave Trade Grew in the 1700s
1619 First enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia.
1600s Some Africans remained enslaved, some were servants,
a few were free.
Early 1700s Carolina plantations needed large numbers of workers.
The planters came to rely on slave labor.
1700s Slave ships carried millions of enslaved Africans west
across the Atlantic.
Colonists enacted slave codes.
Many colonists displayed racism, though a few spoke
out against slavery.
slave codes—laws that set
out rules for slaves’ behavior;
treated enslaved Africans as
property
racism—the belief that one
race is superior to another
15. England Regulated
Colonial Trade
England believed in an economic theory
called mercantilism, which said:
– A nation became strong by strictly
controlling its trade.
– A country should export more than it
imported.
exports goods sent to markets outside a
country
imports goods brought into a country
To enforce mercantilism, England passed
the Navigation Acts, laws that regulated
trade between England and the colonies
so that England benefited.
• Only colonial or English ships could
carry goods to and from the colonies.
• Colonial merchants could ship goods
such as tobacco and cotton only to
England.
• Colonists were encouraged to build
their own ships.
16. England Regulated Colonial Trade
• Yankees—a nickname for New England traders—dominated colonial
trade.
• Colonial merchants developed many trade routes. One route was known
as the triangular trade.
• Colonial merchants sometimes defied the Navigation Acts by buying
goods from the Dutch, French, and Spanish West Indies.
17. What Colonial Governments Were
Like
Part of Government How Chosen What They Did
Governor appointed by the king or directed the colony’s
by the colony’s proprietor affairs and enforced laws
Legislature people who had the power
to make laws
upper house—a group of made laws
advisers appointed by the
governor
lower house—an elected approved laws; protected
assembly the rights of citizens;
approved taxes
18. Rights Under Colonial
Governments
• Colonists had rights as English Subjects.
• 1688 In the Glorious Revolution, Parliament
replaced King James II with William and
Mary.
• 1689 William and Mary signed the English
Bill of Rights.
– protected rights of individuals
– guaranteed right to trial by jury
– said the ruler could not raise taxes or
army without approval of Parliament
• Some colonists had the right to vote.
– white Christian men over the age of 21
who owned property
– in some colonies, only members of a
particular church
bill of rights—a written list of freedoms
the government promises to protect
19. Limits on Liberties
of Colonists
• Women had fewer rights
than free, white males.
• Married women had fewer
rights than unmarried
women and widows.
• Africans had almost no
rights.
• Native Americans had almost
no rights.
20. Chapter 4, Section 5 Social Classes in
Colonial Society
Gentry
• wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, royal
officials
Middle Class
• farmers, skilled craftsworkers, some tradespeople
Lower Class
• farmhands, indentured servants—people who signed contracts
to work without wages in return for their ocean passage—and
slaves
21. The Great Awakening
Touched the Colonists
and led people to
challenge political
authority
In the 1730s and 1740s, a religious movement known as the Great Awakening
swept through the colonies.
– It began with powerful ministers and it split from their old churches and start
new ones.
– GROWTH OF CHURCHES= tolerance of different beliefs.
– New preachers argued that formal training was less important than a heart
filled with the holy spirit.
– This thinking encouraged a spirit of independence. If people could learn to
worship on their own, they could govern themselves.
22. Education in
• Massachusetts required all parents to teach
the Colonies New England
their children “to read and understand the
principles of religion.”
• Massachusetts set up the first public
schools, or schools supported by taxes.
• The earliest schools had one room for
students of all ages.
• Churches and families set up private
Middle schools. Only wealthy families could
Colonies educate their children.
• Some planters hired tutors, or private
Southern teachers. Sons of the very wealthy went to
Colonies school in England. Slave were usually
denied education.
Apprenticeships • Boys might serve as apprentices to learn a
trade or craft by living with a master and
working for free in return for training.
23. The Spread of New Ideas
• The Enlightenment was a movement started in Europe
by thinkers who applied reason and logic instead of
superstition to understand the world.
• English philosopher John Locke wrote that people
could gain knowledge by observing and experimenting.
• Benjamin Franklin demonstrated the spirit of the
Enlightenment. He used reason to invent useful devices
and improve his world.
24. COLONIAL
NEWSPAPER
City life encouraged the development of cultural
events, such as the theater and the growth of the
newspaper.
The growth of colonial newspapers led to a
dispute over freedom of the press.
Newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger
was tried for libel—the act of publishing a
statement that may unjustly damage a person’s
reputation. The jury agreed that since the stories
were true, Zenger had not committed libel—a
step toward freedom of the press.
