Chapter2 Biology Molecules

Biological molecules Ru by Zhao 2009. 9.1

Biological molecules ,[object Object]

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The building blocks of life ,[object Object]

Polymers and macromolecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The building blocks of life monosaccharides polysaccharides Organic bases amino acids Fatty acids and glycerol proteins lipids nucleotides Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monosaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Molecular and structural formulae ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Roles of monosaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Polysaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Starch ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Starch Insoluble store of glucose in plants formed from two glucose polymers:

Glycogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cellulose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

summary support Energy source Energy source Energy source function unbranched 1,4  -glucose Cellulose Branched 1,4 & 1,6  -glucose Gylcogen Branched 1,4 & 1,6  -glucose Amylopectin unbranched 1,4  -glucose Amylose glycosidic bonds subunits Type

Hydrophilic ,[object Object],[object Object]

Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ester ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Triglycerides ,[object Object],[object Object],Glycerol H C H C C H H H H O O O

Fatty acids ,[object Object],[object Object],H A saturated fatty acid (no double bonds) H C H H C H H C H C O O H C H H C H H C H H C H H

H H C O O H C C C C H A polyunsaturated fatty acid C O O H C H H C H A monounsaturated fatty acid H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification Glycerol Fatty acid H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H C H H C H H C H H C H H

Esterification H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H Glycerol Fatty acid H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H Ester bond water H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification ,[object Object],glycerol fatty acids

Phospholipids ,[object Object],[object Object],glycerol Hydrophobic fatty acids hydrophilic phosphate

Functions of lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amino acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],amine carboxyl H C H N C H H O O R

Peptide bonding H C H N C H H O O R H C H N C H H O O R

Peptide bonding C H N C H H O R H C H N C H O O R water Peptide bond A condensation reaction H O H

Peptide bonding H C H N C H O O R A dipeptide C H N C H H O R

Primary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary structure  -helix  -pleated sheet

Secondary structure ,[object Object]

Tertiary structure ,[object Object]

Tertiary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],affected by temp & pH affected by pH affected by reducing agents

Quaternary structure ,[object Object]

Quaternary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Haemoglobin A complete haemoglobin can carry Four O 2

Functions of proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O H H + + -

Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Inorganic ions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter2 Biology Molecules

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Chapter2 Biology Molecules