1. Photosynthesis

4. Energy can be transformed from one form to another

6. THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH

9. The chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight .

10. The sunlight is combined with water , Carbon Dioxide and nutrients from the soil . CO 2

11. The chlorophyll processes the ingredients and makes sugar (plant food) and oxygen. Sugar + Air O 2

14. Plants and animals need each other to survive.

15. Animals including humans make the CO 2 (carbon dioxide) plants need. They (the plants) make the O 2 (oxygen) and food we need.

17. The chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight .

18. The chlorophyll processes the ingredients and makes sugar (plant food) and oxygen. Sugar + Air O 2

28. Mesophyll Cell of Leaf Photosynthesis occurs in these cells! Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplast Central Vacuole

30. Thylakoid Grana make up the inner membrane Thylakoids contain chlorophylls Thylakoid Membrane Thylakoid Space Granum

32. LIGHT REACTION glucose 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 SUN

33. The chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight .

35. Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll wavelength Absorption Chlorophyll absorbs blue-violet & red light best violet blue green yellow orange red

37. Excited state e  Heat Light Photon Light (fluorescence) Chlorophyll molecule Ground state 2 (a) Absorption of a photon (b) fluorescence of isolated chlorophyll in solution Excitation of chlorophyll in a chloroplast e 

38. Wavelength of Light (nm) ABSOPRTION OF LIGHT EXCITES Chl INTO HIGHER ENERGY STATE WHEN PHOTONS HAVE SHORTER WAVELENGTH 400 500 600 700 Short wave Long wave (more energy) (less energy)

43. Cyclic Electron Flow Pigments absorb light energy & excite e- of Chlorophyll a to produce ATP P700 Primary Electron Acceptor e - e - e - e - ATP produced by ETC Photosystem I Accessory Pigments SUN Photons

45. Noncyclic Electron Flow H 2 O is split in PSII & ATP is made, while the energy carrier NADPH is made in PSI P700 Photosystem I P680 Photosystem II Primary Electron Acceptor Primary Electron Acceptor ETC Enzyme Reaction H 2 O 1/2O 2 + 2H + ATP NADPH Photon 2e - 2e - 2e - 2e - 2e - SUN Photon

48. NADP 2H+ ADP ATP PSII PSI X Y Solar energy Light Reaction NADPH 2 Solar energy H 2 O O 2 Solarenergy is converted to chemical energy ia ATP & NADPH 2. T hey are used in the Dark reaction a ADP

49. 2H+ ADP ATP PSII PSI X Y Light Reaction NADPH 2 H 2 O O 2 PHOTOLYSIS of WATER Exited electrons are released from PSII Picked up by low enrgy electron accepter Photophosphorylationh Electrons are activated by the light energy absorbed by PS I Exited electrons are released from PSI Picked up by low enrgy electron accepter Electrons are activated by PS 11 Electrons produced in the photolysis of water are gained by PS II Electrons are accepted by NADP to produced NADPH 2 Soloar Energy is absorbed by PS II 2H+ O 2 ADP Passed along a sequence of low energy electron carriers Soloar Energy is absorbed by PS I

50. NADP 2H+ ADP ATP PSII PSI X Y LIGHT REACTION NADPH 2 H 2 O O 2 PHOTOLYSIS of WATER Exited electrons are released from PS II picked up by a low energy electron accepter Passed along a series of electron accepters Electrons are activated by PS I Exited electrons are released Picked up by a low energy electron accepter Electrons are activated by PS II Electrons released from photolysis of water are accepted by PS II Electrons are accepeted to NADP + to form NADPH 2 Solar energy is absorbed by PS II O 2 Solar energy absorbed by PS I 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 8 7 9 9 10 11 12 PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION