3. What was the Renaissance ?
Renaissance was the period of European history marking the
decline of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world:
usually considered as beginning in Italy in the 14th century.
With this term we refer to the spirit, culture, art, science, and
thought of this period.
Characteristics of the Renaissance are usually considered to
include intensified classical scholarship, scientific and
geographical discovery, a sense of individual human
4. Humanism
Humanism was a cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on
classical studies. It was also a philosophical position that
stresses the autonomy of human reason in contradistinction to
the authority of the Church.
Definitions
1. the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of
humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the
advancement of humanity by its own efforts
2. a philosophical position that stresses the autonomy of human
reason in contradistinction to the authority of the Church
3. often capital a cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on
classical studies
5. The Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg - His invention of mechanical movable
type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded
as the most important event of the modern period.
Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a
process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based
ink; and the use of a wooden printing press.
His truly epochal invention was the
combination of these elements into
a practical system which allowed the
mass production of printed books and
was economically viable for printers and
readers alike.
6. Science
Nicolaus Copernicus - was a Renaissance mathematician and
astronomer who formulated a heliocentric model of the universe
which placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center.
7. Science
Andreas Vesalius - was an anatomist,physician, and author of
one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani
corporis fabrica. Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of
modern human anatomy.
8. Science
Miguel Servet - was a Spanish theologian, physician,
cartographer, and Renaissance humanist. He was the first
European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary
circulation. He was a polymath versed in many sciences.
Most copies of his book were burned shortly after its publication in
1553 because of persecution of Servet by religious authorities.
Three copies survived, but these remained hidden for decades.
9. Renaissance Art
-Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of
that period of European history known as the Renaissance,
emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400, in parallel with
developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and
science. Renaissance art, perceived as a "rebirth" of ancient
traditions, took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity.
-It can be divided into two main periods:
.Quattrocento - 15th Century
.Cinquecento - 16th Century
40. Spanish Renaissance
The Gothic style continued to predominate in
Spain until the early 16th Century.
Renaissance in Spain had two possibilities the
Italian tendency, not very extended, and the
spanish own styles, which were two:
Herrerian, and Plateresque.
49. The Reformation
• It was a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in
the Roman Church ending in the establishment of the
Reformed and Protestant Churches.
• The roots of the Reformation go back to the 14th-century
attacks on the wealth and hierarchy of the Church made by
groups such as the Hussites. But the Reformation is usually
thought of as beginning in 1517 when Martin Luther issued
95 theses criticizing Church doctrine and practice. In
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Saxony, Hesse, and
Brandenburg, supporters broke away and established
Protestant Churches, while in Switzerland a separate
movement was led by Zwingli and later Calvin.
55. Consequences of religious change
-Two religious blocks: Protestans and Catholics.
-Violent religious wars in Europe.
-Intolerance.
-In Spain the Inquisition continued.