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Culture and the Games
People Play
Roy Rapoport
rsr@netflix.com @royrapoport
November 18, 2015
SHALL WE PLAY A GAME?
What We Want
(And How We Get It)
Outcomes
ActionsDecisions
What

environment

says
What
environment
does
What We Want
(And How We Get It)
Outcomes
ActionsDecisions
What

environment

says
What
environment
does
What We Want
(And How We Get It)
Decisions
What

environment

says
What
environment
does
What We Want
(And How We Don’t Get It)
What We Want
(And How We Don’t Get It)
Test #1
Attendance Award
A Word About Netflix …
• Clear Priorities
1. Innovation
2. Availability
3. Cost
• Hire smart, experienced, people
• Get out of the way
• Anti-process bias
Culture
In Practice …
Dozens of SSL Certificates
Decentralized
Kept Expiring
Hilarity would ensue
Amazon Resources
“No Preset Limit”
You know when you hit it
Hilarity would ensue
The Before Time
Well-developed Developer Ecosystem
Service Discovery
DB Client
Credentials Management
Memory Object Cache
Server Infrastructure
Telemetry
You wanted that for Java, right?
The Before Time
Just moved from IT/Ops
Formally tasked with SSL cert
issue as quarterly goal
Limits issue “tacked” on
“Effective” in Python
Didn’t know Java
Presenter Selfie
The Before Time
Ported necessary libraries to Python
Boss was dubious. Really dubious.
Ran into security problem
Introducing Jay
No Problem!
Democratized Innovation
What would you say you do around here?
Story Time: Shark Tank
Conceived by Reliability Engineer
Remote Telemetry Network
Teams involved:
Reliability Engineering
Insight Engineering
Performance Engineering
Some others …
Surprise!
“Proof-of-concept work
on Ansible
configuration
management for Gulo
and Hammerhead.”
Avoid Zero-Sum Games
Stack ranking
Fixed bonus / raise pools
No ranking/quantifying
Reviews != raises
Decentralize collaboration
Align goals
I want:
Collaboration and Selflessness
Act In Netflix’s Best Interests
Test #2
Early Birds, Late Worms
I want:
Decentralized Innovation
Autonomy and Independence
Bets and Risk Tolerance:
a Story of Failures
Losing Bets
18 month report card (estimated)
Security Monkey Success
Howler Monkey Success
Exploit Monkey Failure
Python Success
Service SLA Dashboard Failure
Alert Outsourcing Success
Alert Response Analytics Failure
Alert Gateway Success
Alerting GUI Success
Latency Monkey Adoption Fizzle
Stateful Alerting Failure
Open Application Alerting Failure
50% Failure Rate
I want:
Decentralized Innovation
Autonomy and Independence
An Engineering Manager Walks Into
an Override Bar …
The Override Bar
Asgard: Full-fledged cloud
orchestration
GUI-driven
Region-and-account
specific
The Override Bar
Four regions
Eight accounts
Hundreds of clusters
The Override Bar
A Bold Proposal
Totally duplicates functionality
Customized fit
Failed the override bar:
Am I sure this is the wrong thing?
If I’m right, will this be very expensive for us?
The Override Bar
Accomplished predicted results
Massively simplified operational processes
Improved resiliency and velocity
Unpredictable results
Used by other teams
Inspiration
Will retire
I want:
Decentralized Innovation
Autonomy and Independence
Spheres of Autonomy:
Staying DRI
Yury’s SoAYury’s SoAYury’s SoAJosh’s SoA
Roy’s Sphere of
autonomy
Concentric Spheres of Autonomy
Fang’s
Sphere of
autonomy
Reed’s
Sphere of
Autonomy
Neil’s
Sphere of
Autonomy
Yury’s
Sphere of
Autonomy
Josh’s
Sphere of
Autonomy
Roy’s
Sphere of
autonomy
Spheres of Autonomy:
A New Model
Fang’s
sphere of
autonomy
Spheres of Autonomy:
A New Model
Set context. Not control.
Spheres of Autonomy:
A New Model
Keeping Peers DRI
Test #3
Lucy and the Ball
Literally* no downsides!
* For very non-literal definitions of the word “literally”
Predictability tradeoffs
Locality optimization
Duplication
Duplication
Agility vs Predictability
Neither is bad
Probably need some of both
Do you know how much you want?
Do you have it?
Agility Predictability
Agility vs Predictability
Optimize for agility
Constrain predictability
Some things are important to predict
Public KPIs
Big product plans
Fewer are important than you may think
Agility Predictability
If a Thing can be built anywhere
Not always in the best place
Extra work
Locality Optimization
Or lack thereof
Locality Optimization
Or lack thereof
Story Time: Scryer
Scryer: Start State
Real-Time Telemetry System
2 weeks of data
Scryer: Goal
Real-Time Telemetry System
2 weeks of data
Predictor
Signal Predictions
Today
Product
Value-add
Process
Scryer Architecture, v1
Real-Time Telemetry System
2 weeks of data
Telemetry
Extractor
Telemetry Persistence
4 weeks of data
Predictor
Signal Predictions
Today
Product
Value-add
Process
Waste of
Time
Pain the
[REDACTED]
The Thing Is …
Real-Time Telemetry System
2 weeks of data
Cloud Storage
All telemetry, forever
ETL
Scryer Architecture, v2
Real-Time Telemetry System
2 weeks of data
Predicted Signal Today
Predictor
Product
Value-add
Process
Cloud Storage
All telemetry, forever
ETL
Test #4
Making Friends $100 At a Time
"I only want to ride the wind
and walk the waves, slay the
big whales of the Eastern sea,
clean up frontiers, and save
the people from drowning.
Why should I imitate others,
bow my head, stoop over and
be a slave?” - Lady Triệu
rsr@netflix.com
@royrapoport
Attributions:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/cseeman/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/watchsmart
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yaketyyakyak/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gfreeman23/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dotcode
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tlindfors
And the Rands Leadership Slack

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Culture and the Games People Play