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1. How to configure OSPF in the Cisco IOS
The OSPF dynamic routing protocol is probably the most popular LAN routing protocol
today. OSPF can scale to the largest LANs but can also start out small. While OSPF can
be complex to configure, its basic configuration isn't difficult. Let's learn how to configure
OSPF in the Cisco IOS.
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What do you need to know about OSPF?
Before you configure OSPF, there are three things you should know about it first. Here
they are:
OSPF stands for open shortest path first. It also uses the SPF (shortest path first)
algorithm to determine the best route to its neighbors.
OSPF is a standard routing protocol, as defined by RFC2328 and RFC1247. This means
that OSPF can run on just about any company's' routers and OSPF routes from a nonCisco router can be exchanged with Cisco routers.
The administrative distance for OSPF is 110.
The entire network that OSPF routes for is called an "Autonomous System", or "AS".
All OSPF routing updates must traverse area 0. Because of this, you should carefully
design your network before you begin deploying OSPF.
With OSPF, every router has its own unique "picture" (topology map) of the network.
Routers use "HELLO" packets to periodically check with routers to ensure they are still
there. Every router in OSPF is identified with a "router ID". The router ID can be manually
entered or OSPF will automatically choose the IP address with the highest number.
What features does OSPF offer?
OSPF offers the following features, that are found in a number of routing protocols:
A standards-based routing protocol that works is very interoperable between different
vendors routers and firewalls
Supports variable length subnet masks (VLSM), making it a classless routing protocols
Authentication of routing updates are supported
Route redistribution is supported between different routing protocols
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2. OSPF works well in point to point and point to multipoint, broadcast or non-broadcast
configurations
OSPF also offers a number of OSPF-specific features such as stub areas, virtual links,
and OSPF on demand circuits.
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