1. DIESEL ELECTRIC
HYBRID SYSTEMS
AND TROLLEY ASSIT
SYSTEMS FOR
LOCOMOTION
ROHIT SREEKUMAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SREE RAMA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Presents
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
2. HYBRID SYSTEM
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which
combines a conventional internal combustion engine(ICE) propulsion system with
an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to
achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.
There are a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which they function as EVs varies
as well. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid
electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.
Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative
braking, which converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into electric energy to charge the
battery, rather than wasting it as heat energy as conventional brakes do. Some
varieties of HEVs use their internal combustion engine to generate electricity by
spinning an electrical generator (this combination is known as a motor-generator), to
either recharge their batteries or to directly power the electric drive motors. Many
HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the ICE at idle and restarting it when
needed; this is known as a start-stop system. A hybrid-electric produces less
emissions from its ICE than a comparably sized gasoline car, since an HEV's gasoline
engine is usually smaller than a comparably sized pure gasoline-burning vehicle
(natural gas and propane fuels produce lower emissions) and if not used to directly
drive the car, can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel
economy.
3. TYPES OF HYBRID POWER
TRAINS
Hybrid electric vehicles can be classified according to the
way in which power is supplied to the drive train:
PARALLEL HYBRIDS : here both the ICE and the electric
motor drive the power train and can be switchable or run
together
SERIES HYBRIDS : here only the electric motor drives the
drive train, and a smaller ICE works as a generator to
power the electric motor or to recharge the batteries.
4. SERIES HYBRID SYSTEMS
In SERIES HYBRIDS, only the electric motor drives the
drive train, and a smaller ICE works as a generator to
power the electric motor or to recharge the batteries.
They also usually have a larger battery pack than parallel
hybrids, making them more expensive. Once the
batteries are low, the small combustion engine can
generate power at its optimum settings at all times,
making them more efficient in extensive city driving.
5. DIESEL ELECTRIC HYBRID
SYSTEMS
This is a type of series hybrid system
Here the generator is run by an ICE generally diesel two
stroke engine
The ICE produces constant power all the time and runs
the generator which powers the drive train via a electric
motor
Here no clutch or gear assembly is required with good
control of speed and power
6. ADVANTAGES OF DIESEL
ELECTRIC HYBRID
Lower fuel consumption compared to convectional drive
train
More power is available at the wheels compared to other
drive trains
Elimination of clutch and complex gear systems
Good control of power and speed
Loss of power during idling ,starting and stopping is
avoided drastically
7. APPLICATION IN HEAVY
DUTY LOCOMOTION
The diesel electric drive train has been found to be
efficient while used in heavy duty locomotion
Here the main advantages considered are
More power availability at wheels
Lower fuel consumption
Elimination of clutch and gear assembly
8. WHY CHOOSE DIESEL
ELECTRIC HYBRID ?
Engines mostly have maximum power at narrow rpm
range
To tow heavy loads at low rpm (nearly 900 rpm) and to
obtain high speed would require a rigid clutch and nearly
20 to 30 gears to attain a speed of 100kmph
This would make engine design bulkier and complex
The loss of power and fuel during idling and start/stop is
avoided
Electric motors are able to supply full torque at 0 RPM
9. DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE
(INDIAN RAILWAYS)
The currently used diesel locomotive engine is actually a
diesel electric hybrid
It uses a V-12 two stroke turbocharged diesel engine to run
the generator. This engine is designed to produce 3,200 hp
(11600cc) continuously
The generator is about 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter and
weights about 17,700 pounds (8,029 kg). At peak power,
this generator makes enough electricity to power a
neighborhood of about 1,000 houses! (4,700 amps)
The four drive motors use this electricity to generate over
64,000 pounds of thrust
In the two-stroke cycle, there are twice as many combustion
events (which produce the power) per revolution. It turns
out that the diesel two-stoke engine is really much more
elegant and efficient than the two-stroke gasoline engine.
10. MINING TRUCK
Mining trucks need to tow heavy loads of ore hence
carrying it efficiently is important
The diesel electric drive train proves to be efficient here
as high torque and speed may be obtained by the electric
motor
Here too the clutch and gear assembly is eliminated
11. OTHER APPLICATIONS
Diesel electric drive train is also used in the following
Buses
Military tanks
Ships
Submarines
Aeroplane
CRAWLER
12. TROLLEY ASSIST SYSTEM
IN MINE PITS
The truck runs on diesel power in the pit ,near the
crusher and level terrain.
While on the climb or loaded an over head line connected
via a pantograph provides power to the motors for
locomotion
Can be used where
electricity is cheaper
to diesel
13. ADVANTAGES OF
TROLLEY ASSIST SYSTEM
Reduction in fuel consumption of 70-80% over entire
haul cycle
Engine maintenance costs go down with reduced fuel
consumption
The drive system can provide more HP than diesel
engine,speed on grade increases proportional to HP with
a corresponding increase in productivity (10 –20+ %)
Trolley lines can installed on any grade
Reduced noise and air pollution
14. Higher speed on trolley means shorter cycle time and
higher productivity or fewer trucks for the same
production.
The truck speed increases because the trolley line can
supply more power than existing diesel engines
(5,200HP vs. 2,700HP, ratio 1.9 x)
15. CONCLUSION
In a world of shrinking energy sources it our duty to
ensure proper substantial usage of energy source.
Especially at the areas where it is excessively used.
Hence the diesel electric drive train and trolley assist
system proves to be an alternative for the purpose
