This slides about direct and indirect speech

2. 1) Maqsood
2) Ahsan Ilyas
3) Hashir
4) Ammar
5) Ahsan
6) Naeem

3. TableOf Contents:-
1) Intro
2) Reporting and Reported speech
3) Change for making indirect
4) Change in Pronoun
5) Change in Tenses
6) Change in Adverbs
7) Change in Modals
8) Change in Sentences
9) Change in Assertive Sentences
10)Change in Exclamatory Sentences
11) Change in Interrogatives Sentences
12) Change in Imperative Sentences

4. There two ways to convey a message of a person, or
the words spoken by a person to other person.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Direct speech:- John said, “I will give you a pen”.
Indirect Speech: -John said that he would give me a pen.

5. He said, ”He likes apples.”
Reporting
Speech
Reported
Speech

6. Omission Of Commas
Use Of ‘that’
Change Of Pronoun
Change Of Tense
Change Of Adverb

7. First Person I
We
ChangewithSubject
SecondPerson You ChangewithObject
ThirdPerson
He
She
It
They
No Change
He said to me, ” I like coffee.”
He said to me, “ You look happy.”

8. If we have present or future tense in reporting speech, there will be no
change in tense of reported speech
If we have past tense in reporting speech, we will change tense of reported
speech
1st f.o.verb 2nd f.o.verb
Had + 3rd f.o.verb
Is , am , are Was , Were
Had been
Has , Have
2nd f.o.verb
Was , Were
Had

9. This
There
Here
Today
Now
Ago
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Tonight
That
Those
There
That day
Then
Before
The following / Next day
The previous day / The
day before
That night
Change of
Adverb

10. May
Can
Will
Shall
Must
Might
Could
Would
Should
Had to
Present modals are changed to past modals
These modals do not Change
Would
Could
Might
Should
Ought to
Change in Modals
No Change

11. There are four type of sentences:-
1) Assertive Sentences
2) Exclamatory Sentences
3) Interrogative Sentences
4) Imperative Sentences

12. In assertive sentences do all changes as it is , just we use ‘told’
at the place of ‘said to’.
Said to Told
He said to me,” America will leave Afghanistan in 2015.”
He told me that America would leave Afghanistan in 2015.
Example:-

13. In exclamatory sentences do all changes as it is , just we use for
Happiness
Sad
Surprise
Exclaimed with happiness
Exclaimed with sorrow
Exclaimed with wonder /
surprise
He said, “Hurrah! I won a prize”
He exclaimed with joy that he had won a prize.
Example:-

14. For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect speech we have to observe the
nature of question and then change it into indirect speech according to it rules for indirect
speech. A question can be of two types. One type which can be answered in only YES or NO
and other type which needs a little bit explanation for its answer and cannot be answered in
only YES or NO.
And use ‘ if ‘ or ‘whether’ at the place of inverted Commas.
Example:-
She said, “Will he participate in the quiz competition?”
She asked me if he would participate in quiz competition.

15. To change Imperative sentences into indirect speech, the word “ordered” or
“requested” or “advised” or “suggested” is added to reporting verb
depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported speech.
Example:-
He said to me, “please help me”
He requested me to help him.

16. End!