1. FACT IDEA LEARNING ISSUES ACTION
At the start
1. In order for his body to 1. What is responsible for raising
Jimmy’s heart rate was gain enough oxygen and Jimmy’s heart and respiratory
85 beats per minute and energy, Jimmy rate and stimulating sweating
he was breathing 18 stretching and warm up, just before the race?
breathes per minute. He
felt nervous excitement. 2. Since the temperature of 2. Why is the sympathetic
His mouth dry and took Jimmy’s body increase, division of the autonomic
one last sip of water the sweat gland become nervous system active just
more active to release before the race?
sweat.
3. What changes do you think are
3. Jimmy try to adapt to
occurring in the digestive and
the new environment
urinary systems at this time?
from relax to stress and
that’s why at this
moment the autonomic
4. What is happening to Jimmy's
nervous system become
blood glucose levels just before
active
the race?
4. The urinary system is
5. Why is Jimmy's mouth dry?
not active because the
bladder is closed. The
digestive system also
not active because the
peristalsis decrease
5. His blood glucose level
starts to drop.

2. 6. The salivary glands
have started to reduce
its excretion of saliva.
One minute in
1. The body need more 1. Rowing full speed is putting
Jimmy heart rate was energy to perform. new demands on Jimmy's
201 beats per minute. Sugar in the form of body. What are these new
He was taking 2 lactose is secreted by demands and how does the
breathes per stroke, fast muscle, and once lactose body respond to them?
and forced. The stroke is secreted, blood sugar
rate was 34 strokes per in blood will lower 2. What changes in Jimmy's
minute and his Body muscles promote unloading of
temperature was 37.5°C. 2. When oxygen reduces, O2 from hemoglobin for use by
he was sweating more the carbon dioxide will the muscle cells?
and jimmy feel burning increase. Jimmy need
on muscles more oxygen for aerobic 3. Why do Jimmy's muscles feel
respiration. He breath like they are burning?
more rapidly than.
4. What conflict is produced
3. Jimmy’s muscles are between Jimmy's need to keep
experiencing sensory his body cool and his need to
information from his remove nitrogenous wastes
nervous and the muscle from his blood? What did he
cell is accumulated with do before the race to help
lactic acid. alleviate this conflict?

3. At the halfway mark
1. Jimmy had decreased the 1. Since the end of the first
He still rowing at 34 demands his muscles minute, Jimmy has decreased
strokes per minute, now were making by the end the demands his muscles are
jimmy heart rate was of the first minute, and making. How has he done this?
180 beats per minute this can be explained by And why has he done this?
and his body the fact that the "fight
temperature was 38°C. and flight" message from 2. What are the changes in his
His respiratory rate the brain had slowed conditions as a result?
down slightly. down with less
production of adrenaline,
hence less energy
demand from the
muscles.
2. Jimmy’s nervous system
changes would include
"fight and flight"
response which is usually
activated in a stressful
situation.
3. His heart and lungs have
to work over harder so it
get with the respiratory
and cardiovascular
system with the physical
strain that he is enduring,.
His brain sends signals to
the lungs to breaath faster
and deeper and the heart

4. to beat faster. Increase
amounts of blood gets
pumped to the muscles,
carrying oxygen and
removing carbon dioxide.
4. in order to withstand the
demand of Jimmy
pushing his body to the
very limits of its
capabilities, all body’s
systems work together
Homeostasis is
maintained by negative
feedback which response
to reduce Jimmy's body
back to its original state.
At the finish
1. Jimmy reduces his heavy 1. Jimmy has stopped rowing and
His heart rate was 208 breathing since his body his muscles are now at rest.
beats per minute. He needs to cool down again Why are his heart and
Breathe nearly 80 times to pre exercise levels, and breathing rates still so high?
per minute. He felt like like heart rate, it’s a lag
his arms and legs were time involved, so after he 2. What changes have occurred to
on fire and sweats was stops, his breathing rate his blood chemistry since the
pouring out of every gradually or quickly falls start of the race? Think about
pore of his body. He felt but still stays high, (but glucose levels, pH, lactate
light-headed and his depending on his levels, and temperature.
body temperature was recovery ability which is
0
40 C. dependent on his fitness) 3. Why is he sweating more now

5. than during the race?
2. The pumping of blood to
bring oxygen to muscle
and pumping of hot blood
from muscle to the skin
are overcome by
breathing rapidly where
the heat can be dissipated
more quickly. When he
finishes the race the heart
beat slow down and
pumps less blood to the
skin. The heat
accumulated in muscle
causing blood
temperature to rise
higher. So, it can sweat
more right after finish the
race then during the race.
3. Changes occur in glucose
when the glucose level in
blood increase. It is
because the body need
energy to race so the
body used the glucose
during performed. For the
changes in pH, when
increases the muscle
activity, it leads to
increase the CO2 and

6. Hydrogen level in blood.
These chemical are
produces cell metabolism
and they lower blood pH
or increase the acidity.
Then during perform,
blood level of lactate
rises because when
exercise stop the lactate
falls much more slowly
than during the build up.
For the temperature,
working muscle will
produce heat so the body
temperature rise the race
started.
Back at the dock
1. The changes occur in the 1. What change have occurred in
His heart rate and last ten minutes that the last 10 minutes to allow
respiratory back to allow his heart and Jimmy’s haeart and respiratory
normal and his body respiratory rates to come rates to come down.
temperature 37.5°C. he down caused by the
felt thirsty and take positive feedback loop.
small sips of water and This loop causes
his weighed 76kg. everything to return to 2. Why is Jimmy four pounds
normal causing his heart lighter than at the start of the
and respiratory rates to race?
return to normal.
3. What effect has this water loss
had on his endocrine system?

7. 2. Jimmy’s mass reduced
because of the 4. Why did Jimmy only take sips
dehydration by excessive of water after the race? What
loss of in his body fluids could happen if he drank as
so his mass getting much as he wanted to?
lighter at the end of the
race.
3. Anti-diuretic hormone
(ADH) from his
endocrine system is
increasing to overcome
water loss. It’s produced
by the hypothalamus and
released by the pituitary.
It will signal the kidneys
tubules to absorb more
water.
4. Jimmy was dehydrated
after the race and he lost
a lot of fluid. So if he
directly drinks the water,
his muscle will contract
and give him muscle
cramping. The small sips
also allowed his body to
adjust to his state of
dehydration.