1. Excretory Disease - Cystitis
By:Navjeet andVandana Period 1 Biology 12

2. WHAT is it?
It is a medical term for the
inflammation of the bladder.

3. What CAUSES it?
Inflammation of the bladder caused by urine infection
Urine infection caused by bacteria
Leftover feces around the anus can cause bacteria
culture to develop
Those bacteria can travel to the urethra (tube from
bladder that passes out urine) into the bladder

5. Symptoms
Strong, persistent urge to urinate
Burning sensation when urinating
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
Blood or pus in the urine
Passing smelly or cloudy urine
Discomfort in pelvic area
A feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen
or lower back
Feeling unwell, weak or feverish

6. When should you see a
doctor?
High fever/chills
Vomiting
Back or side pain

7. Risk Factors: males and
females
Old age
Weak immune system( having diabetes, HIV
infection or cancer treatment)
Using bladder catheters for a long time - changing
them can cause bladder tissue to be damaged
Not using the bathroom frequently (buildup of
bacteria in bladder)
Blockage of urinary system(kidney or bladder
stones)

8. Risk factors: females
Usage of tampons that
contain irritants
Pregnancy ( hormones
can trigger bladder infection)
Sexual intercourse
Birth controls (using
diaphragm for
contraception) conceptn
Menopause(bladder
lining becomes thinner)
Risk factors: males
Enlarged prostate
gland(prostate infection)

9. It is more common among females than males.
Why?
A woman's urethra opening is much closer to the anus
than a man's. Therefore, there is a higher risk of bacteria
entering the urethra from the anus.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.
When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they
are less likely to get this infection.

10. Age range of Canadians
getting cystitis
All ages are
susceptible to this
infection
More common in
women in their late
30s and 40s
In ages 1 - 11 cystitis
is 9 to 10 times more
likely in girls than boys

11. How many Canadians get
this disease?
Up to 20% of Canadian women will develop cystitis
over their lifetime
3 - 4% of Canadian women get recurrent cystitis
(permanent damage to bladder)
5,000 visits made to doctors per year by males and
females as a result of having cystitis
Infants: 3.7% boys and 2% girls get cystitis

12. Treatments
3 day course of antibiotics such as Trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, and
amoxicillin for mild cystitis
Regular antibiotics for people with recurrent cystitis
Bladder instillation( intravesical therapy)
Bladder distension
Surgical therapies such as sacral neuromodulation

13. Bladder Instillation
This could be called a bladder wash or bath. During bladder
instillation the bladder is filled with a solution which is held for
varying periods of time, from a few seconds to 15 minutes,
before being drained through a narrow tube called a
catheter.Drugs used for this treatment include dimethyl
sulfoxide, heparin , and sodium bicarbonate.

15. Bibliography
http://www.medicinenet.com/interstitial_cystitis/page6.htm#what_is_the_treatment_of_interstitial_cystitis
http://www.onlinepharmaciescanada.com/ailments/cystitis.aspx
http://kidney.ca/document.doc?id=316
www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/P ages/Causes.aspx
www.cfp.ca/content/58/41398.full
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17908260
medicsindex.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-s-causing-your-pelvic-pain-18-causes-of-pelvic-pain