In her model of nursing, she explains that nursing is the practice of identification of a patient’s need for help through the observation of presenting behaviors and symptoms, exploration of the meaning of those symptoms with the patient, determining the cause of discomfort, and determining the patient’s ability to resolve the discomfort or if the patient has a need for help from the nurse or other health care professionals. The goal of nursing consists primarily of identifying a patient’s need for help. The need for help is defined as “any measure desired by the patient that has the potential to restore or extend the ability to cope with various life situations that affect health and wellness.” Need-for-help must be based on the individual patient’s perception of his or her own situation. Wiedenbach’s theory identifies the patient as “any individual who is receiving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or advice from a member of the health profession or from a worker in the field of health.” A patient is any person who has entered the healthcare system and is receiving help, which means he or she does not need to be ill. A person receiving health-related education would qualify as a patient.

1. ERNESTINE
WEIDENBACH
THE HELPING ART OF CLINICAL NURSING
By: Rommel Luis C. Israel III

2. BIOGRAPHY AND CAREER
1909
Born in 1900 in Hamburg,
Germany, and her family
moved to New York in
1909.
1922
She earned a Bachelor of
Arts from Wellesley
College in 1922
1925
Got her Registered
Nurse’s license from the
John Hopkins School of
Nursing in 1925.
1934
She got her Masters of
Arts from Teachers
College, Columbia
University in 1934.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-
theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php

3. BIOGRAPHY AND CAREER
In 1946, Wiedenbach earned a
certificate in nurse-midwifery
from the Maternity Center
Association School for Nurse-
Midwives in New York, and taught
there until 1951.
In 1952, she joined the faculty of
Yale University as an instructor in
maternity nursing.
She became an assistant
professor of obstetric nursing in
1954.
When the Yale School of Nursing
established a master’s degree
program, she became an
associate professor and was the
director of the major in maternal
and newborn health nursing.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-
theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php

4. BIOGRAPHY AND CAREER
Publications:
Family-Centered
Maternity Nursing (1958)
Communication: Key To
Effective Nursing
(1982)
Death: 1998
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-
theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php

5. Contribution to Nursing:
The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing
She developed the conceptual
model of nursing called
“The Helping Art Of Clinical
Nursing”
which was influenced by the
works of Ida Orlando
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-
theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
“Deliberative Nursing Process”

6. The Helping Art of
Clinical Nursing
Nursing is the practice of identification of a
patient’s need for help through:
• the observation of presenting behaviors and
symptoms,
• exploration of the meaning of those symptoms
with the patient,
• determining the cause of discomfort,
• determining the patient’s ability to resolve the
discomfort (or if the patient has a need for help
from the nurse or other health care
professionals.)
• Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

7. The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing
The goal of nursing:
It consists primarily
of identifying a
patient’s need for
help.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-
theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php

8. The Helping Art
of Clinical
Nursing
The need for help is defined as:
• “any measure desired by the patient
that has the potential to restore or
extend the ability to cope with various
life situations that affect health and
wellness.”
• Need-for-help must be based on the
individual patient’s perception of his or
her own situation.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

9. The Helping Art of Clinical
Nursing
Wiedenbach’s theory identifies the
patient as:
• “any individual who is receiving
help of some kind, be it care,
instruction or advice from a
member of the health profession
or from a worker in the field of
health.”
• A patient is any person who has
entered the healthcare system
and is receiving help, which
means he or she does not need to
be ill. A person receiving health-
related education would qualify as
a patient.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing
Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-
Wiedenbach.php
•

10. The Helping
Art of Clinical
Nursing
The theory identifies four
main elements in clinical
nursing:
•a philosophy
•a purpose
•a practice, and
•the art
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

11. The Nurse’s
Philosophy
• It is his or her attitude and belief
about life, and how that affects reality
for him or her.
• The three essential components
Wiedenbach associated with a nursing
philosophy are:
1.reverence for life
2.respect for the dignity, worth,
autonomy, and individuality of
each human being
3.the resolution to act on personally
and professionally held beliefs.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

12. The Nurse’s
Purpose
•It is that which the nurse
wants to accomplish
through her actions.
•It encompasses all of the
activities directed toward
the overall good of the
patient.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-
Wiedenbach.php
•

13. The Practice of
Nursing
•It consists of the
observable nursing actions
affected by beliefs and
feelings about meeting the
patient’s need for help.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-
theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

14. The Art of Nursing
• It includes understanding the patient’s
needs, developing goals and actions
intended to enhance the patient’s
ability, and directing the activities
related to the medical plan to improve
the patient’s condition.
• The nurse’s focus is also on the
prevention of complications related to
reoccurrence or the development of
new concerns.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing Theory.
https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-Wiedenbach.php
•

15. Three Factors of
Wiedenbach’s
Prescriptive Theory
• The central purpose which the
practitioner recognizes as
essential to the particular
discipline.
• The prescription for the
fulfillment of the central
purpose.
• The realities in the immediate
situation that influence the
central purpose.
Reference: Petiprin, A. (2020). Ernestine Wiedenbach. Nursing
Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ernestine-
Wiedenbach.php
•

16. CLINICAL
JUDGEMENT/SOUND
JUDGEMENT
• Wiedenbach explains that clinical
judgment represents the nurse’s
likeliness to make sound decisions,
which are based on differentiating fact
from assumption, and relating them to
cause and effect.
• Sound judgment is the result of
disciplined functioning of mind and
emotions, and improves with
expanded knowledge, as well as
increased clarity of professional
purpose.
Reference: Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing - Nursing
Theory. (2019). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/theories-
and-models/wiedenbach-the-helping-art-of-clinical-nursing.php
•

17. NURSING SKILLS
• In the theory, nursing skills are
carried out in order to achieve a
specific patient-centered
purpose rather than the
completion of the skill itself
being the end goal.
• Skills are made up of a variety of
actions, and are characterized by
harmony of movement,
precision, and the effective use
of self.
Reference: Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing - Nursing Theory.
(2019). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-
models/wiedenbach-the-helping-art-of-clinical-nursing.php
•

18. THE HELPING
ART OF
CLINICAL
NURSING:
DEFINITION OF
A PERSON
• The person, whether a nurse or
patient, has a unique potential to
develop self-sustaining resources.
• People tend to be independent and
fulfill their own responsibilities.
• In Wiedenbach’s theory, self-
awareness and self-acceptance are
essential to personal integrity and self-
worth; whatever an individual does at
any given moment is representative of
the best judgment available for that
person in that moment.
Reference: Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing -
Nursing Theory. (2019). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-
theory.org/theories-and-models/wiedenbach-the-helping-art-
of-clinical-nursing.php

19. CONTRIBUTION
TO THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF CLINICAL
NURSING
PRACTICE
 by influencing core concepts in
practice, such as the nursing process,
 by contributing to the goal of
nursing, which is to attend to a
patient's needs by assessing their
need for help in the clinical setting
• The helping art of nursing is seen in all
nursing practice involving the individual,
and it uses the basis of nursing practice,
the basis being the nursing process.
Reference:
Ernestine Wiedenbach’s Contribution To the Development... | 123 Help Me. (n.d.). Www.123helpme.com. Retrieved November 18,
2022, from https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Ernestine-Wiedenbachs-Contribution-To-the-Development-of-
188806#:~:text=Ernestine%20Wiedenbach%27s%20theory%20has%20contributed%20to%20the%20development

20. THE NURSING
PROCESS
•It is a systematic problem-
solving approach first
applied by Orlando in 1961
•It involved four key steps
which includes assessment,
planning, intervention and
evaluation
Reference:
Ernestine Wiedenbach’s Contribution To the Development... | 123 Help Me. (n.d.). Www.123helpme.com.
Retrieved November 18, 2022, from https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Ernestine-Wiedenbachs-
Contribution-To-the-Development-of-
188806#:~:text=Ernestine%20Wiedenbach%27s%20theory%20has%20contributed%20to%20the%20dev
elopment
•

21. ORLANDO’S THEORY
AND WIEDENBACH
THEORY
they both follow the same care trajectory from
initial observation and assessment to
intervention and evaluation.
Since these two theories follow the same
trajectory, they can be applied in similar
situations in clinical nursing practice.
• Wiedenbach's process of identifying a patient's
need for help can be applied when a nurse is
directly providing care for a patient. Richard and
Johnson (2007) used Wiedenbach's nursing
theory to guide. Her theory is a guide to nursing
practice, where the nurse identifies the needs of
the patient and their need for help.
Reference:
Ernestine Wiedenbach’s Contribution To the Development... | 123 Help Me. (n.d.).
Www.123helpme.com. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from
https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Ernestine-Wiedenbachs-Contribution-To-the-
Development-of-
188806#:~:text=Ernestine%20Wiedenbach%27s%20theory%20has%20contributed%20to%20
the%20development