An introduction to Vagrant, using CentOS 7, given at CentOS Dojo Paris 2014 (2014/08/25).

1. .
VVaaggrraanntt aanndd CCeennttOOSS 77
Julien Pivotto
CentOS Dojo, Paris
August 25, 2014

2. .
wwhhooaammii
JJuulliieenn PPiivvoottttoo
• System administrator at inuits.eu
• CentOS user since CentOS 5.5
• DevOps believer
• Open-source defender since 2004
• roidelapluie on twitter/github

3. .
• Tool to build development environments
• Easy to use, easy to configure
• Extensible via plugins
• Supports config management utilities
▶ Chef
▶ Puppet
▶ Cfengine
▶ Docker
▶ …

4. .
AA bbiitt ooff ccoonntteexxtt
• Born in 2010 as a ruby gem
• Written by Mitchell Hashimoto (@mitchellh)
• Used to be a wrapper around VirtualBox

5. .
WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthhoouutt VVaaggrraanntt

6. .
WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthhoouutt VVaaggrraanntt
• Hard to rebuild, reproduce
• No isolation
• Not the same OS as in production
• What if multiple versions of mysqld/java/…?

7. .
WWoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh VVaaggrraanntt

8. .
FFiixxeedd pprroobblleemmss
• Easy to rebuild, reproduce
• No more "Works on my machine"
• Use the same OS as the production OS
• Use multiple VM's if needed
• Desktop OS is not full of useless config

9. .
DDeevveellooppmmeenntt eennvviirroonnmmeenntt
• One or multiple virtual machine, container, …
• Provisionned (puppet, chef, ansible, script…)
• Any operating system
• A lot of providers supported
▶ Virtualbox
▶ Docker
▶ AWS (plugin)
▶ KVM/Qemu (plugin)
▶ LXC (plugin)
▶ Also closed source VMWare, Hyper-V

10. .
AA VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx
• A VM or an image or a Dockerfile
• SSH access if virtual machine
• SSH user for Vagrant
• Optional provisioning systems

11. .
vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

12. .
vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

13. .
vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx lliiffeeccyyccllee

14. .
GGeettttiinngg ssttaarrtteedd
• Install Virtualbox and Vagrant
• Import your first box
▶ centos.org
▶ vagrantcloud.com
▶ vagrantbox.es

15. .
IImmppoorrttiinngg aa VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx

16. .
IImmppoorrttiinngg aa VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxx

17. .
vvaaggrraanntt bbooxx aadddd <<bbooxx uurrll>>
• Fetches a base box
• Takes an URL, a json file or a tarball as
parameter
• Adds it to the available base boxes
• Now we can use the box at will!

18. .
CCrreeaattiinngg aa VVaaggrraannttffiillee

19. .
CCrreeaattiinngg aa VVaaggrraannttffiillee

20. .
vvaaggrraanntt iinniitt <<bbooxx nnaammee>>
CCrreeaatteess aa ssiimmppllee VVaaggrraannttffiillee
• The Vagrantfile is the configuration file
• It contains the definition of the environment
• It is written in ruby

21. .
SSiimmppllee VVaaggrraannttffiillee
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = "vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
end

22. .
BBaattttlleesshhiipp rreeaaddyy

23. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile

24. .
BBoooottiinngg tthhee VVMM

25. .
BBoooottiinngg tthhee VVMM

26. .
vvaaggrraanntt uupp
• Creates a VM in Virtualbox
• Prepares it: setting name, network, port
forwarding
• Once booted: sets the hostname
• On the first run, provisions the VM if needed

27. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg
• Altering the box
• Changing configuration
• Running shell scripts
• Running Puppet, Chef, Ansible…

28. .
VVaaggrraannttffiillee wwiitthh pprroovviissiioonniinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install y
httpd
end

29. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg tthhee VVMM

30. .
PPrroovviissiioonniinngg tthhee VVMM

31. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts

32. .
PPrroovviissiioonneerrss
• Shell
• Puppet
• Chef
• Ansible
• $YOUR_PLUGIN

33. .
II aammddoonnee

34. .
II aammddoonnee

35. .
vvaaggrraanntt ddeessttrrooyy
• Allows you to delete the vm
• Frees disk space
• Ready for a clean vagrant up

36. .
vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((aaggaaiinn))

37. .
vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((aaggaaiinn))

38. .
vvaaggrraanntt uupp ((ccoonntt))
• At first boot, provision the VM if needed
• For next boots, force with --provision

39. .
SSSSHH

40. .
SSSSHH

41. .
II aammddoonnee ((ffoorr ttooddaayy))

42. .
II aammddoonnee ((ffoorr ttooddaayy))

43. .
vvaaggrraanntt hhaalltt
• Halts the VM
• No more than a shutdown
• Start again with vagrant up

44. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts
• vagrant destroy: deletes the vm
• vagrant halt: stops the vm
• vagrant ssh: ssh the virtual machine

45. .
VVaaggrraanntt 110011

46. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet. manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet. manifest_file = site.pp
end
end

47. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg

48. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg

49. .
PPuuppppeett pprroovviissiioonniinngg
• Runs puppet code over a VM
• Tip: use the same code as in prod
• Allow sysadmins to test Puppet code

50. .
PPoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8080
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet.manifest_file = site.pp
end
end

51. .
EEnnaabbllee ppoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg

52. .
EEnnaabbllee ppoorrtt ffoorrwwaarrddiinngg

53. .
MMuullttiippllee VVMM''ss
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = 2
Vagrant.configure( VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION ) do |config|
config.vm.box = vStone/centos7.xpuppet .3.x
config.vm.network forwarded_port, guest: 80, host:
8080
config.vm.provision shell, inline: yum install q
y bindutils
config.vm.provision puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = manifests
puppet.module_path = modules
puppet.manifest_file = site.pp
end
config.vm.define web1 do |webvm|
webvm.vm.Network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8080
end
config.vm.define web2 do |webvm|
webvm.vm.Network forwarded_port , guest: 80, host:
8081
end
end

54. .
SSttaarrttmmuullttiippllee VVMM''ss

55. .
SSttaarrttmmuullttiippllee VVMM''ss

56. .
MMuullttiippllee VVMM''ss
• Multiple VM's defined in one file
• Vagrant commands can take the name of
the vm as argument
• Remember: a vagrant file is a ruby file (think
loops, hashes, …)

57. .
NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg
• Multiple networking possibilites
• Port forwarding
• Internal network
• Public network (bridge)
• Depending on provider

58. .
NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg aanndd CCeennttOOSS 77
• Not yet supported OOTB
• But plugins are there!
• vagrant plugin install vagrant-centos7_fix

59. .
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant box add box url: fetches a box
• vagrant init box name: creates Vagrantfile
• vagrant up: starts/creates the vm
• vagrant provision: run cfgmgmt, scripts
• vagrant destroy: deletes the vm
• vagrant halt: stops the vm
• vagrant ssh: ssh the virtual machine
• vagrant reload: vagrant halt vagrant up
• vagrant status: gets the status of the vm

60. .
FFiillee sshhaarriinngg
• Vagrant allows you to share files between
host and guest
• Protocol depends on privider: NFS, rsync,
vbox-addons,…
• By default, the Vagrantfile directory is
mounted on /vagrant

61. .
CCrreeaattiinngg VVaaggrraanntt bbaassee bbooxxeess
• Re-package your used boxes
• Veewee: creates vagrant boxes (and more)
• Packer: creates vagrant boxes (and more)

62. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt
• Vagrant is a tool for everyone
• Have a clean environment in minutes
• Safely experience change
• Test on multiple platforms

63. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt ppllaayyss nniicceellyy wwiitthh::
• Jenkins (plugins available)
• Puppet (project beaker)
• Any OS
• A lot of cloud providers

64. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
VVaaggrraanntt ccoommmmaannddss
• vagrant up
• vagrant provision
• vagrant destroy

65. .
CCoonncclluussiioonn
GGooiinngg ffuurrtthheerr
• Read Vagrantfile's comments
• vagrantup.com

66. .
TThhaannkk yyoouu
Any question?

67. .
CCoonnttaacctt
Julien Pivotto
julien@inuits.eu
@roidelapluie
INUITS bvba
Belgium
+32 473 441 636
https://inuits.eu