Transition from Chinese Imperialism to Communism.

1. :
Roy Vincent Guardados

2. China’s Political Development
Ancient China
Shang Dynasty (1523- 1028 BC)
- Aristocracy
Zhou Dynasty (1027- 250 BCE)
- Early Feudal System
- Taoism and Confucianism

3. China’s Political Development
Qin Dynasty (221- 207 BCE)
- Adopted Legalism
- Highly Centralized Government
Han Dynasty (202 BCE- 221 CE)
- Legalism to Confucianism
- Introduced Civil Service Examination
- Warlords control China - no centralized gov’t

4. China’s Political Development
Tang Dynasty (618- 907 CE)
- Rebuilt Bureaucracy
- Examination System
- Confucian Education
- Limited Social Mobility
- Weak Emperors
Song Dynasty
- Large centralized Bureaucracy (Neo- Confu)

5. China’s Political Development
Yuan Dynasty
 (1279- 1368 CE)
- Kublai Kahn
Conquered China
- Open to economic
Trade
The Silk Road

6. China’s Political Development
Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644 CE)
- Tried to erase all Mongol sign
- Reinstated Civil Service
- Collapse due to Imperial Extravagance

7. Qing Dynasty
OPIUM WAR

8. Opium War
 Trade frictions grew with the European powers,
especially Britain.
 the Chinese had little need for anything more than
silver from the West, selling porcelain, silk, and tea
in return.
 Eventually the British began illegally importing
Indian opium into China.
 The Qing government moved to halt the illegal trade
by burning confiscated opium.

9. Qing Dynasty
Treaty of Nanjing
-First of the unequal treaties
between China and foreign
imperialist powers.
- China paid the British an
indemnity.
- China agreed to establish a
fair and reasonable tariffs.

10. Qing Dynasty
Taiping Rebellion
~Peasants were upset that foreigners were treated differently (they were
given special privileges)
~Resented Chinese Christians

11. From
Qing,
to

12. The Turning Point
 By the End of 19th Century
 Serious Changes must be made.

13. 1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) leads his
Kuomintang (Guomintang) or ___________
Party and overthrows the Qing Dynasty.
Develops ____________________________:
1. ______________- overthrow weak government and unite
all Chinese under a strong
centralized government.
2. _______________- Use constitutional government:
equality for all and elected officials.
3. _______________- Give fair and equal ownership of land
so all Chinese live well.
Nationalist
Three Principles of the People
NationalismDemocracy Livelihood

14. 1916 - Nationalist Party
has trouble controlling
warlords and loses
power.

15. An Unlikely Alliance
In a hope for
common
action the
Nationalists
(Kuomintang)
turn to the
Communists
Mao Zedong…

16. 1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
leads Communist party which is influenced by __________ and
______________. Their goal was to take over the government and
create a centralized government to regulate the agricultural
output, education, and society. Mao believed the peasants were
most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.
Karl Marx
Vladimir Lenin

17. The 1st Great Leap Forward
 Expand the success of the 5 year plans
 Communes-collective farms
 15,000 acres and 25,000 people
 Communal living

18. Giant step backward
 Poor planning and
inefficient industry
 Ended in 1961 after crop
failure caused famine
that killed 20 million
people

19. The 2nd Great Leap Forward
 Says failures from
’55 because he
wasn’t bold
enough…
 Collectives build
public works
projects
 Mao’s attempt to
catch up with the
rest of the world

20. 1949 - With the wide and mass support of the peasants and workers,
Mao Zedong defeats Jiang Jieshi and creates ___________________
________. The Nationalists flee mainland China to Taiwan,
creating Two Chinas.
Communists create a one-party state led by Mao Zedong -
Begin Reforms:
1. All resources are directed toward political, social, and
economic growth
2. Improved medical supplies and hospitals
3. Schools built
4. Regulation of all media (press, writing, speech, etc.)
the Peoples Republic
of China

21. The Cultural Revolution
(mid 1966)
 Eradicate the remains of so-called bourgeois ideas
and Customs.
 Increase his power over the government by
discrediting or removing party leaders who had
challenged his authority or disagreed with his Policy

22. “Learn Revolution by Making
Revolution”
 Mao felt new policies
weakened Communist goal of
social equality
 Millions of high school and
college students left
classrooms and formed
militia units called the Red
Guards
 Wanted to revive the
revolution in 1966

23. The Red Guards
•the Red Guards traveled throughout China, going to schools,
universities, and institutions, spreading the teachings of Mao.
•Many were violent and oppressive to those who went against the
teachings of Mao or criticized him.
•The role of Red Guard was mainly to attack the "Four Olds" of
society, old ideas, cultures, manners, and customs of China at the
time.

24. The Cultural Revolution
 New Hero: peasants
who worked with their
hands
 Intellectual activity
and art: useless and
dangerous
 Schools and colleges:
shut down
 Resistance to the
regime:
 Purification in hard
labor camps
 Execution
 Imprisonment

25. Four Modernizations
Agriculture
Military
Technology
Equipments

26.  Clunas, Craig, et al. "China." Microsoft® Encarta® 2009
[DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.
 N.S Gill. (n.d). Dynasties of Ancient China. In About.com.
Retrieved August 12, 2013, from
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/china/tp/Chinese
Dynasties033009.htm.