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Il feto nella Preeclampsia
Nicola Chianchiano
Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Medicina e Chirurgia Fetale Laser
della Gravidanza Gemellare Complicata
Unità di Medicina Fetale
UOC di Ostetricia e Ginecologia (Dir.: Dr. M.R. D’anna)
Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla-Fatebenefratelli, Palermo
Nessun conflitto di interessi
Fetal Programming
L’insulto intrauterino porta a cambiamenti funzionali di
organi chiave che permangono nella vita postnatale
e determinano un aumento del rischio di varie
patologie della vita adulta
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:510.e1-9.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:269.e1-10.
Sistema cardiovascolare
200 bambini
di 3-6 anni
indice di
sfericità
spessore
della parete
anular peak
velocity
• Cuore globoso
• Riduzione dello “stroke volume”
• Incremento della HR
• Disfunzione sistolica subclinica
• Incremento della pressione sanguigna
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207-121
J Hypertens. 2009;27,2051-2054
Aumento della pressione arteriosa sistolica
Difference in the outcome variables at age 16 between the offspring
of mother with gestational hypertension and reference group.
Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:87-98
Stroke 2009;40:1176-1180
Hypertension 2010;56,159-165
Aortic Stiffness
Hypertension 2010;56,159-165
Vasodilatazione mediata
Hypertension 2010;56,159-165
Spessore dell’intima art. carotide
• Alterata espressione genica:
– ipometilazione della regione promoter dell’enzima 11-β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2
– ipometilazione o ipermetilazione in differenti subsets di geni coinvolti nella regolazione lipidica ed
infiammazione.
• Alterata funzione renale:
– Riduzione del numero dei nefroni
– Aumentata innervazione del Sistema Nervoso Simpatico renale
– Aumentata sensibilità all’angiotensina II
• Alterata sensibilità e struttura vascolare
• Aumentato livello di testosterone (femmine):
– Aumento dell’attività del sistema Vasopressina-angiotensina
• Alterazione del sistema Ipotalamo-Ipofisi-Surrene:
– Aumento di ACTH e Cortisolo (femmine)
Sistema immunitario
Variable Atopic sensitization
>5 allergens n (%)
Adjusted
RR
No Pre-eclampsia o
Abruptio
33/326 (10.1) 1
Pre-eclampsia o
Abruptio
11/52 (21.2) 4.28 (1.54-11.92)
P < 0.005
Skin Prick Test (SPT) result among
15-17 years old offspring
Am J Reprod Immunol 2009;62:293–300
N (%)
No preeclampsia 31/371 (19.1)*§
Mild/moderate
preeclampsia
36/161 (22.4)§
Severe preeclampsia 19/54 (35.2)*
Atopy in late childhood
§ Severe vs no preeclampsia: P = 0.018
* Mild/moderate vs no preeclampsia: P = 0.822
Sviluppo
neurocomportamentale
Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:939-45
Brain Region Control (n=10) PE (n=10) P Value
Cerebellum 8.72 9.58 .010
Temporal lobe 8.98 9.65 .007
Left amygdala 0.009 0.10 .023
Right amygdala 0.11 0.12 .012
Brain Stem 1.27 1.40 .015
Occipital lobe 0.50 0.45 .004
Parietal lobe 0.55 0.52 .025
Cerebral cortex 0.57 0.55 .085
Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:939-45
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2012, 26, 101–108
?
Normotension Hypertensive disorders P
20,1 Y 68,5 y 20,1 Y 68,5 y
Verbal 29.48 32.03 28.87 30.68 0.04
Visuo-spatial 26.36 23.51 26.47 22.53 0.09
Arithmetic 29.30 28.20 27.97 25.14 0.009
Total 28.38 27.91 27.77 26.11 0.01
Tuovinen S. Neurology. 2012 Oct 9;79(15):1578-82
Behavioural Brain Research 302 (2016) 175–181
The development of PE may be seen as an early predictor
of reduced cognitive function in children, specifically in
working memory and oculomotor control.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38:416–422
PlGF
Molecular Human Reproduction 2016; (22)2:130–142
Glia 2011;59(3):379–396
1/100 bambini in età scolare
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
and Risk of ASD-ADHD
Preeclampsia:
malattia della gravidanzamalattia della società
Preeclampsia:
malattia della gravidanzamalattia della società
Grazie
Verbal:
DS (95% CI)
Visuospatial:
DS (95% CI)
Arithmetic:
DS (95% CI)
Total score:
DS (95% CI)
All −0.13 (−0.25, −0.01 −0.09 (−0.21, 0.04) - 0.10 (−0.22, 0.03) - 0.12 (−0.24, −0.00)
Preterm (30 + 0 to 36 + 6
weeks
−0.66 (−1.20, −0.11) −0.44 (−0.89, 0.01) - 0.37 (−0.97, 0.22) - 0.51 (−1.05, 0.02)
Term (37 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks) −0.12 (−0.24, 0.01) −0.08 (−0.20, 0.05) - 0.09 (−0.22, 0.04) - 0.11 (−0.24, 0.01)
LBW (< 2500 g) 0.04 (−0.72, 0.81) 0.29 (−0.57, 1.15) - 0.23 (−0.68, 1.15) 0.21 (−0.61, 1.02)
NBW (> 2500 g) −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01) −0.08 (−0.20, 0.05) - 0.09 (−0.21, 0.04) −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01)
Primiparous −0.24 (−0.41, −0.08) −0.11 (−0.29, 0.06) - 0.19 (−0.36, −0.01) −0.21 (−0.38, −0.04)
Multiparous −0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) −0.05 (−0.22, 0.13) - 0.01 (−0.17, 0.18) −0.02 (−0.19, 0.16)
Comparison of the intellectual ability scores of offspring born after pregnancies complicated by
hypertensive disorders as compared with normotensive pregnancies
Grazie
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210
Tricuspid Annular Plane
Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) Iso-Volumic
Relaxion Time (IVRT)
20 40 60 80 1000
20
40
60
80
100
0
Fetal CV Score (AUC: 0.87, p<0.001)
TAPSE (AUC: 0.64, p=0.030)
Left EF (AUC 0.57, p=0.072)
GA at delivery (AUC: 0.51, p=0.070)
BW Centile (AUC: 0.60, p=0.066)
Umbilical artery PI (AUC: 0.67, p=0.070)
• 100 SGA vs 100 AGA
• 6 mesi di vita
• Pressione arteriosa
• Spessore intima e media aortica
Cerebroplacental
Ratio (CPR)
Sphericity Index
Sensitivity
100-Specificity
Perché parlarne
Regione cerebrale Δ volume (95% CI) P
Frontale -3,61 (-6.67 ÷ 0.54) 0.02
Talamica 0.28 (0.03 0.54) 0.03
Intracranica - 4.59 (-14.78 5.60) 0.37
Cerebellare 0.23 (-0.32 0.77) 0.41
Risonaza Magnetica Spettroscopica
(MRS)
Imaging a Diffusione Pesata
(DWI)
• N-acetil aspartato (marker neuronale)
• Creatina (metabolismo energetico)
• Cholina (turn-over della mielina)
• Inositolo (marker astrociti)
MARCATORI DI LESIONI IPOSSICHE LIEVI
• Diffusione dell’acqua
• Maturazione della sostanza bianca
AGA (5) SGA (8) P
Ino/Cho 0.25 0.57 0.04
AGA (5) SGA (8) P
Tratto piramidale 105.11 119.87 0.04
Risonaza Magnetica Spettroscopica
(MRS)
Imaging a Diffusione Pesata
(DWI)
Volume C (mL)
Superficie Solchi (cm2)
Spess. Corteccia/Spess. Solchi (mm)
Volume sost. bianca (mL)
Solculation Index
Paralisi cerebrale
Effetti neurocomportamentali
Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano
Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano
Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano
Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano
Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano

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Il feto nella Preeclampsia - Nicola Chianchiano

  • 1. Il feto nella Preeclampsia Nicola Chianchiano Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Medicina e Chirurgia Fetale Laser della Gravidanza Gemellare Complicata Unità di Medicina Fetale UOC di Ostetricia e Ginecologia (Dir.: Dr. M.R. D’anna) Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla-Fatebenefratelli, Palermo Nessun conflitto di interessi
  • 2. Fetal Programming L’insulto intrauterino porta a cambiamenti funzionali di organi chiave che permangono nella vita postnatale e determinano un aumento del rischio di varie patologie della vita adulta
  • 3. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:510.e1-9.
  • 4. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:269.e1-10.
  • 6. 200 bambini di 3-6 anni indice di sfericità spessore della parete anular peak velocity • Cuore globoso • Riduzione dello “stroke volume” • Incremento della HR • Disfunzione sistolica subclinica • Incremento della pressione sanguigna Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207-121
  • 7. J Hypertens. 2009;27,2051-2054 Aumento della pressione arteriosa sistolica
  • 8. Difference in the outcome variables at age 16 between the offspring of mother with gestational hypertension and reference group. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:87-98
  • 13.
  • 14. • Alterata espressione genica: – ipometilazione della regione promoter dell’enzima 11-β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2 – ipometilazione o ipermetilazione in differenti subsets di geni coinvolti nella regolazione lipidica ed infiammazione. • Alterata funzione renale: – Riduzione del numero dei nefroni – Aumentata innervazione del Sistema Nervoso Simpatico renale – Aumentata sensibilità all’angiotensina II • Alterata sensibilità e struttura vascolare • Aumentato livello di testosterone (femmine): – Aumento dell’attività del sistema Vasopressina-angiotensina • Alterazione del sistema Ipotalamo-Ipofisi-Surrene: – Aumento di ACTH e Cortisolo (femmine)
  • 16. Variable Atopic sensitization >5 allergens n (%) Adjusted RR No Pre-eclampsia o Abruptio 33/326 (10.1) 1 Pre-eclampsia o Abruptio 11/52 (21.2) 4.28 (1.54-11.92) P < 0.005 Skin Prick Test (SPT) result among 15-17 years old offspring Am J Reprod Immunol 2009;62:293–300
  • 17. N (%) No preeclampsia 31/371 (19.1)*§ Mild/moderate preeclampsia 36/161 (22.4)§ Severe preeclampsia 19/54 (35.2)* Atopy in late childhood § Severe vs no preeclampsia: P = 0.018 * Mild/moderate vs no preeclampsia: P = 0.822
  • 19. Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:939-45
  • 20. Brain Region Control (n=10) PE (n=10) P Value Cerebellum 8.72 9.58 .010 Temporal lobe 8.98 9.65 .007 Left amygdala 0.009 0.10 .023 Right amygdala 0.11 0.12 .012 Brain Stem 1.27 1.40 .015 Occipital lobe 0.50 0.45 .004 Parietal lobe 0.55 0.52 .025 Cerebral cortex 0.57 0.55 .085 Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:939-45
  • 21. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2012, 26, 101–108 ?
  • 22. Normotension Hypertensive disorders P 20,1 Y 68,5 y 20,1 Y 68,5 y Verbal 29.48 32.03 28.87 30.68 0.04 Visuo-spatial 26.36 23.51 26.47 22.53 0.09 Arithmetic 29.30 28.20 27.97 25.14 0.009 Total 28.38 27.91 27.77 26.11 0.01 Tuovinen S. Neurology. 2012 Oct 9;79(15):1578-82
  • 23. Behavioural Brain Research 302 (2016) 175–181 The development of PE may be seen as an early predictor of reduced cognitive function in children, specifically in working memory and oculomotor control.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38:416–422 PlGF
  • 27. Molecular Human Reproduction 2016; (22)2:130–142
  • 29. 1/100 bambini in età scolare Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Risk of ASD-ADHD
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 34.
  • 35. Verbal: DS (95% CI) Visuospatial: DS (95% CI) Arithmetic: DS (95% CI) Total score: DS (95% CI) All −0.13 (−0.25, −0.01 −0.09 (−0.21, 0.04) - 0.10 (−0.22, 0.03) - 0.12 (−0.24, −0.00) Preterm (30 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks −0.66 (−1.20, −0.11) −0.44 (−0.89, 0.01) - 0.37 (−0.97, 0.22) - 0.51 (−1.05, 0.02) Term (37 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks) −0.12 (−0.24, 0.01) −0.08 (−0.20, 0.05) - 0.09 (−0.22, 0.04) - 0.11 (−0.24, 0.01) LBW (< 2500 g) 0.04 (−0.72, 0.81) 0.29 (−0.57, 1.15) - 0.23 (−0.68, 1.15) 0.21 (−0.61, 1.02) NBW (> 2500 g) −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01) −0.08 (−0.20, 0.05) - 0.09 (−0.21, 0.04) −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01) Primiparous −0.24 (−0.41, −0.08) −0.11 (−0.29, 0.06) - 0.19 (−0.36, −0.01) −0.21 (−0.38, −0.04) Multiparous −0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) −0.05 (−0.22, 0.13) - 0.01 (−0.17, 0.18) −0.02 (−0.19, 0.16) Comparison of the intellectual ability scores of offspring born after pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders as compared with normotensive pregnancies
  • 37.
  • 38. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210 Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) Iso-Volumic Relaxion Time (IVRT) 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 100 0 Fetal CV Score (AUC: 0.87, p<0.001) TAPSE (AUC: 0.64, p=0.030) Left EF (AUC 0.57, p=0.072) GA at delivery (AUC: 0.51, p=0.070) BW Centile (AUC: 0.60, p=0.066) Umbilical artery PI (AUC: 0.67, p=0.070) • 100 SGA vs 100 AGA • 6 mesi di vita • Pressione arteriosa • Spessore intima e media aortica Cerebroplacental Ratio (CPR) Sphericity Index Sensitivity 100-Specificity
  • 39. Perché parlarne Regione cerebrale Δ volume (95% CI) P Frontale -3,61 (-6.67 ÷ 0.54) 0.02 Talamica 0.28 (0.03 0.54) 0.03 Intracranica - 4.59 (-14.78 5.60) 0.37 Cerebellare 0.23 (-0.32 0.77) 0.41
  • 40.
  • 41. Risonaza Magnetica Spettroscopica (MRS) Imaging a Diffusione Pesata (DWI) • N-acetil aspartato (marker neuronale) • Creatina (metabolismo energetico) • Cholina (turn-over della mielina) • Inositolo (marker astrociti) MARCATORI DI LESIONI IPOSSICHE LIEVI • Diffusione dell’acqua • Maturazione della sostanza bianca
  • 42. AGA (5) SGA (8) P Ino/Cho 0.25 0.57 0.04 AGA (5) SGA (8) P Tratto piramidale 105.11 119.87 0.04 Risonaza Magnetica Spettroscopica (MRS) Imaging a Diffusione Pesata (DWI)
  • 43. Volume C (mL) Superficie Solchi (cm2) Spess. Corteccia/Spess. Solchi (mm) Volume sost. bianca (mL)
  • 46.