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- 2. St. Ives As I was going to St Ives I met a man with seven wives And every wife had seven sacks And every sack had seven cats And every cat had seven kits Kits, cats, sacks, wives How many were going to St Ives? Why were they going to St. Ives?
- 3. Market Towns • About 800 known • Fixed market days • Vendors and merchants from out of town • Increasing supply of products • Similar merchants clustered in an area • Source of revenue • Piepowder courts
- 4. Shops • Manufactured goods require more than market stall • Within medieval town houses of merchants • Sometimes restricted • Purpose built hall – moot hall; booth hall; gildhall
- 5. Decline of fairs Wool trade • Middlemen purchase from producers • Warehouses • Supply to exporters Food products • Obtained by contract
- 6. Regional Marketplaces • Trade • Pageants • Punishment – stocks, pillory
- 7. Norwich Market Cross, 1502
- 8. Fish Market, Netherlands Joachim Beuckelaer (1534-1574)
- 9. Shrewsbury
- 12. Cheapside Cross Goldsmiths, London, 1547 (coronation procession)
- 13. Upcoming developments • Malls – exchanges • Granting of patents or monopolies • Licensing of peddlers
- 14. Urban concerns • Beggars • Crime • Water supply
- 15. Manors • Under authority of a lord who might have multiple manors • Demesne land around manor house • Strips of tenant and freehold land – Freehold – ability to sell and bequeath – “Custom of the manor” – leased for fixed term
- 16. Manors • Shared grazing land • Bylaws made for the "common profit and with the assent of all." • Manor courts for dealing with crime, migration, retailing, common lands, and infrastructure.
Notas do Editor
- A Court of Piepowders was a special tribunal in England organized by a borough on the occasion of a fair or market. These courts had unlimited jurisdiction over personal actions for events taking place in the market, including disputes between merchants, theft, and acts of violence. In the Middle Ages, there were many hundreds of such courts, and a small number continued to exist even into modern times. Courts of Piepowders existed because of the necessity for speedy justice over people who were not permanent residents of the place where the market was held. By the seventeenth century, most of their powers had effectively been transferred to the regular court system, Originally, it referred to the dusty feet (in French, pieds poudrés) of travellers and vagabonds, and was only later applied to the courts who might have dealings with such people.
- Restrictions noted to market selling ebcause of opportunity for twon revenues
- This decline in the institutional structure of trade is not definite evidence for a general contraction of intemal commerce. Even in the food trades, as in the past, a considerable share of the total volume of business was conducted away from market places. The practice of giving a discount of 5 per cent on such sales remained common all through the late Middle Ages.” Some of the grain acquired in bulk would even- tually pass through urban markets." A lot of grain nevertheless bypassed formal institutions altogether. Such were the large quantities purchased for consumption by large households.” Wheat, malt and barley were obtained by King’s Hall, Cambridge, on contract from producers and dealers in over forty parishes in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. Some of these contracts represented long-standing arrangements extending for up to fifteen years. Informal though the system was, it was clearly reliable. In spite of the large volume of business transacted by King’s Hall there is no recorded example of a contract having been broken. Wool exporters bough directly form growers of from brokers. The Cely family acquired most of theirs from Cotswold middlemen, who in tum had purchased it from local producers after sheep-shearing in june. Growers sold their wool to these brokers directly from manor houses and substantial tenant farms rather than through any formal marketing organisation. Sometimes wool was sold on approval in advance of shearing. Having purchased their wool, the brokers stored it in warehouses at Northleach (Glos.), Chipping Camp- den (G1os.), Chipping Norton (Oxon.) and elswhere, until the export merchants came to buy On some occasions however brokers con tracted to supply wool to exporters and to transport it to London 52 Though Cotswold trade between brokers and merchants was centred in market towns it did not make use of market places All over the country abbeys and priones eonunued to sell wool to wholesale buyers In 1363- 4 Sibton Abbey sold the wool from its manors of Stbton (Sufi ) and Croxton (Norf ) to Robert Gaude, and the lambs wool of the previous year to John Hardyng 53
- Norwich Also of note was the increasing variety of goods that were being brought into the city, these included items such as sugar, molasses, figs and prunes whilst in 1581 a cargo of 20,000 oranges and 1,000 lemons reached Norwich in time for the annual St Bartholomew’s Fa
- Grade I An outstanding C15-C16 timber-framed and plastered building carefully restored. All the timber-framing is exposed on the west front. Roof tiled, hipped at the south end. Two storeys. The upper storey is jettied on the whole front on exposed joists and an embattled bressumer supported on 14 curved brackets with finely moulded capitals and shafts. At the south end the ground storey has an original shop front with 3 four-centred arched openings the outer two of which are blocked. There is also an original doorway with carved spandrels. The upper storey has 4 window range of leaded casements and there are 2 on the ground storey. At the north end there was an outside staircase which is now enclosed. The south front (No 6, Water Street) is plastered and has 2 window range of small casements (C18 leaded casements on the upper storey).
- . In London, for example, the goldsmiths lined the prime shopping street of Cheapside