1. CONTENTS
Page No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
LISTS OF TABLES ii
LIST OF MAPS iii
ABBREVIATIONS iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1-4
1.1 General Background 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Significance of the Study 3
1.4 Objectives of the Study 3
1.5 Limitations of the Study 4
1.6 Organization of the Report 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5-13
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14-15
3.1 Rationale of the Selection of the Study Area 14
3.2 Research Design 14
3.3 Sources of Data 14
3.3.1 Primary Data 14
3.3.2 Secondary Data 14
3.4 Total Population and Sample 14
3.5 Method of Data Collection 14
3.6 Data Presentation and Analysis 15
CHAPTER FOUR: THE SETTING 16-21
4.1 District Profile 16
4.2 Climate 16
4.3 Chandragadhi Village Development Committee 16
4.4 Rivers and Rivulets of the VDC 17
4.5 Flora and Fauna 17
4.6 Soil 17
4.7 Population Characteristics of the Chandragadhi VDC 18
4.7.1 Educational Situation 19
4.7.2 Social Organizations and Industries 19
4.8 Economic Activities of the People of Chandragadhi VDC 19
CHAPTER FIVE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND 22-43

2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE SATARS
5.1 Social Profile 22
5.1.1 Age and Sex Structure 22
5.1.2 Educational Attainment 22
5.1.3 Settlements and House Types 23
5.1.4 Family 24
5.1.5 Kinship 25
5.2 Economic Profile 26
5.2.1 Occupation 27
5.2.1.1 Employment in Other Areas/Sectors 27
5.2.2 Size of Land Holding 28
5.2.3 Annual Income 29
5.2.4 Livestock 30
5.3 Cultural Profile of the Satars 31
5.3.1 Religion and Religious Activities 31
5.3.2 Utensils 32
5.3.2 Food and Drink 33
5.3.4 Dresses and Ornaments 33
5.3.5 Dances and Songs 34
5.3.6 Feasts and Festivals 34
5.3.7 Life Cycle Ceremonies and Other Rituals of the Satars 35
5.3.7.1 Birth Ceremony 35
5.3.7.2 Hair Cutting Ceremony 36
5.3.7.3 Marriage 37
5.3.7.4 Divorce 40
5.3.7.5 Death 40
5.3.7.6 Village Polity of the Satars 41
5.3.7.7 Social Relationship with Other Ethnic Groups 42
CHAPTER SIX: IMPACT OF MODERNIZATION ON CULTURE 44-50
OF THE SATARS
6.1 Modernization 44
6.1.1 Modern Education 45
6.1.2 Modern Dances and Songs 45
6.1.3 Change in Dress Pattern 46
6.2 Sanskritization 46
6.2.1 Effects of Nepali Language 46
6.2.2 Encouragement for Arrange Marriage and Decrease
in Marriage Expenditure 47
6.2.3 Change in Village Polity 47
6.2.4 Food Taboos 47
6.2.5 Change in Family System 47
6.3 Effects of Technological Development 48
Agricultural Implements: An Overview 49

3. CHAPTER SEVEN: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATI ONS 51-55
7.1. Summary 51
7.2. Conclusions 53
7.3 Recommendations 54
REFERENCES 56-58
Appendix A
Appendix B