AGRI MECH is one of the most reputed magazines of the Agriculture Machinery world. This magazine will be serving among the top manufacturers, dealers, AGRI MECH is one of the best advertising solutions in targeting all aspects and markets of agriculture when looking for any type of services or farm equipment for sale. For more details, please contact: Raji Naqvi Advertisement Manager AGRI MECH +91 80534 35051 rkmedcom@gmail.com

1. AGRI MECHAGRI MECH
VOL I | ISSUE 4 | AUG 2015RNI No. HARENG00941
Dimensions of 21st Century Indian Agriculture
"The farmer needs right type of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides at the right time and at right source."
APJ Abdul Kalam
Dr. Joginder Singh Malik
Professor of Extension Education
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Need to establish Agro-Processing
Centres in agriculture production
catchments of Haryana
Estimating of Farm
Establishment Costs
Professor William Edwards
Agricultural Economist
IOWA State University, USA
(YOUR FARM TECHNOLOGY NAVIGATOR)

2. The 11th President of India, reluctant poli cian, one of the most prominent nuclear scien sts, Dr APJ Abdul
Kalam stated during convoca on at the Anand Agricultural University, “It is not the subsidy what the farmers
want, the farmer needs right type of informa on about seeds, fer lizers, pes cides at right me and at right
source.”
The first farm magazine in agriculture was published in Paris in the year 1763 called “Agriculture De Franche”,
followed by “Census Agriculture” by United States of America in Washington in 1840. The journal called
“Poultry World” was published in London. By the middle of 19th century, there were many farm journals on
agriculture,poultry,dairyandalliedsubjectsfromvariouscountries.Asaresultofincreaseinliteracyrate,the
changing agricultural scenario and fast changing technology which needs to be disseminated at a faster rate
for rapid agricultural development calls for publica on of farm magazines or agricultural journals. Thus, the
agricultural journalism is concerned with: (i) carrying agricultural informa on to the farming community and
(ii)togetgenuineproblemsoffarmersasfeedbacktoresearchers.
It is o en our experience to see that during trade exhibi ons and similar mee ngs of farmers even the
illiterate farmers collect the publica ons and other literatures and if they find the subject is interes ng, they
would get them read either by their literate children or by the school teacher, postman or other village
func onaries. Thus, the logic behind bringing out agricultural publica on is self-evident.Generally readers
refer the back issues in order to update themselves while adop ng the technologies in their fields or solving
the problems related to crops or field that they come across in their farming. This could be the reason for as
highas63.33percentrespondentsoccasionallyreferringtheoldissues.
As AGRIMECH is commi ed for promo ng improved farming prac ces, hence improved crop yields through
theuseoffarmmachineries,wereiterate,attheexpenseofbeingrepe ous,mustbeadoptedinAsia,Africa
andotherdevelopingcon nents.Wewillkeeprelyingagriculturalengineerstojoinourteaminthiscrusade.
Heavycostisinvolvedtodeliverthebestanda rac vedesign,highlevelinforma onandhighqualityar cles
by top authors. AGRIMECH is your best adver sing solu on in targe ng all aspects and markets of
agriculture. As an adver ser, you have the opportunity to showcase your company to thousands of poten al
buyers who are looking to buy your products & services. This magazine will be serving among the top
manufacturers,dealers,distributorsandfarmersallaroundtheglobe.
According to Oscar De La Hoya, “There is always space for improvement, no ma er how long you've been in
thebusiness.”
We are looking forward to your comments and sugges ons to make AGRIMECH more useful and informa ve
initsupcomingissues.
Editorial policy is independent, Views expressed by authors
arenotnecessarilythoseheldbytheeditors.
Registered as Monthly Magazine by Registrar of
NewspapersforIndia.Vide RNI no. HARENG00941
Licensed to post at Karnal HPO under postal regn. No. PKL-
91/2007-2009
Editorial and adver sements may not be reproduced
without the wri en consent of the publishers. Whilst every
care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of AGRI
MECH. The publishers do not accept any responsibility or
liabilityforthematerialherein.
Publica on of news, views and informa on is in the interest
of posi ve development of Global Farm Mechaniza on. It
doesnotimplypublisher’sendorsement.
Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submi ed
elsewhereisinvited.
The submi ed material will be published a er going
through the relevancy of the magazine subject and may be
returnedincaseofnotfoundappropriate.
Publisher, Printer: S K Ali on behalf of RK Media and
Communica ons,Delhi
Printedat:JaiswalPrin ngPress,ChauraBazar,Karnal
Publishedat:821,Sector–13,UrbanEstate,
Karnal–132001(Haryana)
Editor in Chief: S K Ali
All legal matters are subject to Karnal jurisdiction.
S K Ali
Managing Editor
skali85@gmail.com
Raji Naqvi
Adver sement Manager
rajinaqvi@gmail.com
Dhruv Vishvas
Subscrip on Manager
rkmedcom@gmail.com
Naveen Rana
Graphic Designer
naveengraphics50@gmail.com
Raza Jarrar
Webmaster
info@netnovaz.com
Our Team

3. ContentsContents
06
09
12
15
21
24
28
30
32
Role Of Agricultural Mechaniza on In The
Economic Development
Agriculture: Then and Now
Need to establish Agro-Processing
Centres in agriculture production
catchments of Haryana
Selec on of exhibi ons to par cipate
Agriculture Equipment Market : 2015-2020
Dimensions of 21st Century Indian Agriculture
Estimating of Farm Establishment Costs
5 Actual Uses For Drones In
Precision Agriculture Today
Drones to help Rajasthan, Gujarat
farmers detect crop diseases
33World Bank to approve $400 million
as guarantee for Ghana's Eurobond

4. Editorial Committee
Dr Gyanendra Singh
M.Tech , Ph.D
Member Task Force Committee (Agriculture),
Government of Madhya Pradesh
Member Academic Council, JNKVV, Jabalpur
Dr Shimon Horovitz Roberto
B.Sc. Agronomy
Consultant - Open fields and greenhouses
Jerusalem, Israel
Dr. Joginder Singh Malik
Professor of Extension Education
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana) INDIA
Dr. Ghanshyam T. Patle
Assistant Professor
College of Agricultural Engineering
& Post Harvest Technology
Central Agricultural University, Imphal
Manipur (INDIA)
Dr. Said Elshahat Abdallah
Associate Professor
Agricultural Process Engineering
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Univ.
Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
DOUGLAS AYIREBIDE ALEKIBA
Production Supervisor
Mim Cashew and Agricultural Products Ltd.,
Mim – Brong Ahafo,
Ghana
Yash Agrawal
Business Development Associate
BIS Research
A. S. SUBBARAO
Sr.Manager - Agronomy
SBU - South
Agronomy Department
NETAFIM, India

6. most important factors which can only
be achieved only with appropriate use
ofagriculturalmachines.
Agricultural mechanism in economic
development was adapted in Great
Britain by AG engineer, Ferguson, in
1930. He visualized a tractor and
implement working together as a
single integrated machine rather
opera ng as two units. He reported
that “Agricultural is more important to
mankind that all other industries put
together”. In 1974, UK earned at least
£1000 (or USD billion) es mated for
salesandexportoftractors.
The economic situa on at agricultural
industry has been change rapidly from
1999-2015, the popula on in farming
areas decreased sharply and the labor
ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN THE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Contact :
DHARMESH ENTERPRISES PVT. LTD.
B28/B, GR. FLR., GHATKOPAR INDL. ESTATE
L.B.S. MARG, GHATKOPAR (WEST)
MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA 400086
Mobile : 09323039797
Email : heatgun@vsnl.com
05
demand increased. The farm size and
farm rural wage have been increased.
These were the driving force of
agriculture mechaniza on industry. It
had made off-farm employment
opportunity and improves socio
economic status of rural
farmers. To sustain income
status of small scale farmers
and Welfare of rural farming
communi es, the manual
power is now gradually
replaced by single axle
mul purpose machines
from land prepara on to
post- harvest. We should be
plan for joint u liza on
system of agricultural
machinery, to improve
q u a l i t y a n d q u a n t y
produc on of agricultural
products. Also the market
status of agricultural produc on
should be opened to boast small scale
farmer’sincome.
By sta s cal observa on, Agriculture
provides 80% of the occupa on in
Nigeria and crude oil about 20%
(federal sta s cal report 2010)
Agricultural mechaniza on is an
enterprise that create wealth and
youthempowermentinwhichoneliter
of palm oil or groundnut oil is more
expensive than one liter of petrol or
dieselinNigeria.
Human labor is s ll the main source of
power used in agricultural work in
developing countries. It is also
responsible for approximately half of
the cul vated area in the world. In
small-scale farms like this agricultural
machinery with low cost and
technological adequacy
make rural farmers easy to
operate.
Thepopula onoftheworldis
expected to reach eight
billion by the year 2025. It
also a fact that more than
90% of the world popula on
increase is occurring and will
con nue to occur at higher
rates in developing countries.
Some research says that of
t h e p o t e n a l s i z e o f
cul vable land, which is
about 3 billion hectares or
only 22% of the world’s land mass, less
than half is being used produc vely. The
challenge faced by these developing
countries is to feed their increasing
popula ons where there is li le to no
addi onal cul vable land available. This
means that in order to meet the future
food demands, these countries have no
adopt more intensive cropping
p r a c c e s u s i n g a l l p o s s i b l e
mechaniza on and management
techniques. For intensive cropping,
meliness of opera ons is one of the

7. The situa onal changes to Agricultural
sector, such as hikes in rural wages,
increase in off farm jobs opportuni es,
strong demand for improved welfare
and lack of government interest to
purchase farm machinery had retarded
agricultural mechaniza on in the study
zone.
The role of agricultural mechaniza on
in the economic development should
be challenge with aid of state
government to improved agricultural
produc on in study zone, using the
following methodology. Hoffen in
(1960) reported, that farmers in
developing countries have been using
hand tools for thousand years, draught
animal for century and mechaniza on
for decades.Stout (2000) stated that, to
ensure an adequate and safe food
supply for expanding world popula on
tractor is the prime source of power in
agriculture mechaniza on in the
developingcountries.
Mechaniza on systems are o en
categorized into man, animal and
engine powered technology on the
basis of sophis cated capacity to do
work and in some cases precision and
e ff e c v e n e s s . A g r i c u l t u r e
mechaniza on is an enterprise that
creates job opportunity with
applica on of machines. It
r e d u c e s
drudgery and save me in of rou ne
farm opera ons. kyu-hong and sukwa
kang reported (2000) that, the total
popula on lived in farming area is
rapidly decreasing by 58%,demand for
off- farm sector is increasing on daily
basis. The rural manual farmer’s
popula on is decreasing by 4,000
every year. If it
con nuous what
will be the fate of
agriculture in
future? Thus,
m e c h a n i z e d
farms should be
encouraged in
the study zone.
T h e r e f o r e ,
mechaniza on
e m e r g e s a s
e s s e n a l f o r
management of
e c o n o m i c
development.
Mechaniza on
i n c r e a s e
Economic returns to small scale
farmers. With mechaniza on and
more lands under cul va on, the scale
of opera on of the farmer is increase.
If a farmer is using hand tools, he may
be restricted to 2 ha, but with
mechaniza on he can cul vate farm
landupto10hainsize.
In sufficient tractors and other power
unitforfarmopera oninrural
areas is the
greatest factor of produc on in study
zone. Agricultural mechaniza on
technologytosucceedinthestudyzone
there must be adequate tractors,
electric motors, diesel and petrol
engines to power the field implement
and sta onery equipment associated
withthem.
Mechaniza on systems are o en
categorized into man, animal and
engine powered technology or the
basic of sophis cated capacity to do
work effec vely. Thus, the benefits of
poweroverallinagriculturalproduc on
havehelpedthe developedcountriesof
Europe and North America developed
their agriculture, such that only few
parentage of farmers involved in farm
produc on.
The observa on indicates that the
c u r re nt fo c u s o n a g r i c u l t u re
Mechaniza on in study zone had
improved the economy status of small
scale farmers, while the demand for
mechaniza ons is increasing in the
study zone. Most of the demand
c o n c e n t r a t e s o n s i n g l e a x l e
mul purposemachinesforpre-harvest
and post- harvest opera ons.
Agricultural mechaniza ons had played
role in transforming small scale holders
but with introduc on of suited and
lower cost mul purpose machines
availableinthemarket.
06

9. If you ask your grandparents how they
got their food, they might have a
different answer than you think. Why is
this? It’s because agriculture has
changedthroughouthistory.
There are over seven billion people in
the world and that number is expected
to grow to nine billion by the year 2050
(Simmons, 2011). That’s a lot of people
to feed! How will we be able to provide
safe, nutri ous food to all these
people? The answer: through changes
and advances in the agricultural
system.
Over 200 years ago, 90 percent of the
world’s popula on lived on farms and
produced their own food to eat. But
today, only two percent of the
popula on produces the food,
including fruits, vegetables, meats and
dairy, which everyone eats. That’s a
large change in the amount of people
associated with producing food and
making sure that everyone has enough
toeat.
Farmers use technology to make
advances in producing more food for a
growing world. Through the use of
technology, each farmer
i s a b l e t o
work. Tractors are larger and move
faster than horses, so farmers are able
to work on more land and grow more
food. Tractorss ll need to be taken care
of because they can break down just
like a car. But they can run for longer
periods of me and work when the
farmerneedsthem.
The way in which farm animals are
raised and where they live has changed
as well.Through research with animals,
scien sts have discovered what types
of housing are best for animals to live in
and produce food. Dairy cows now live
inbarnsthathaveso ma resses,sand
beds or water beds for them to sleep
on, nutri onists to feed them special
diets, and fans and sprinklers to keep
them cool when it is hot outside. In the
past, farmers did not know what made
a cow comfortable, but now that
farmers have more informa on, they
can be er take care of their animals.
Thisallowscowstomakemoremilk.
Chickens now live indoors most of the
me to protect them from predators
such as hawks and foxes and also to
protect them from diseases that might
be carried by wild birds. When chickens
live inside, both the eggs and the meat
they produce are protected from
diseases, and farmers can make sure
that consumers receive healthy
products.
08
feed 155 people today, compared to
1940, when one farmer could feed
only 19 people. Farmers use
technologies such as motorized
equipment, modified housing for
animals and biotechnology, which
allow for improvement in agriculture.
Be er technology has
allowed farmers to
feed more people and
requires fewer people
to work on farms to
feedtheirfamilies.
Changes in equipment
have made a large
impact on the way
farmers are able to
farm and grow food. In
the past, farmers
would have to do field
work by hand or with
h o r s e - d r a w n
equipment. This work
would take a long me
to complete, which meant that farms
were smaller because farmers could
only work so much land. Horses were
not very fast, and they would re out
so farmers would have to let the
horses rest. Today, most farmers use
tractors and other motorized
equipment to help with
fi e l d
Agriculture: Then and Now

10. Biotechnology in agriculture is the use
of technology to make advances in crop
produc on and in animals. Seed
technology has changed from the past
to today, where crops are able to
withstand harsh weather condi ons
such as drought and flooding. In the
past, whole harvests could have been
destroyed by a drought because the
plants were not designed to withstand
those condi ons. But now, thanks to
b i o t e c h n o l o g y a n d g e n e c
engineering, crops are able to
withstand harsh condi ons which
means that even in bad weather years,
farmers are s ll able to harvest crops
and provide food to the market.
Farmers can grow a variety of things in
their fields because seeds are designed
to adapt to different condi ons. This
means that farmers can grow different
foods and add diversity into our diets.
Pes cidesandherbicides,whenusedin
modera on by farmers, offer the
chance to protect crops against
unwanted pests such as insects and
weeds. By decreasing the amount of
pests, farmers are able to yield more
food which allows them to sell more
food to the market and ensure that
peoplehaveenoughtoeat.
Environmental standards, which are
rules for protec ng the environment,
have changed over me and
allow for be er
u s e
o f o u r n a t u r a l
resources. Farmers are
now taking stock of
h o w t h e y u s e
resources and making
a commitment to
b e e r u s e t h o s e
resources for a more
sustainable world.
Through the use of
technologies, farmers
are able to provide
extra care for the land.
From 1944 to 2007,
farmers have been
able to reduce the amount of
resources needed on a dairy farm and
the amount of waste coming from the
farm (Capper et al., 2009). Cows of
today are also able to produce more
milk and have decreased their carbon
footprint by 41 percent per kilogram of
milk produced (Capper et al., 2009).
The beef industry has
also reduced their use of
resources by using 69.9
percent of beef ca le,
8 1 . 4 p e r c e n t o f
feedstuffs, 87.9 percent
of water and only 67
percent of the land
required to produce one
billion kilograms of beef
from 1977 to 2007
(Capper, 2011). Farmers
are working hard to
control the waste that is
generated by their farms
and many have implemented Nutrient
Management Plans. These plans help
to track how waste, such as water and
manure, is stored on the farm and how
manure is used as fer lizer. Farms are
growing in size because of
increased efficiency. In the past,
cows had to be milked by hand, and
it took a long me to do this. But
today, cows are milked with special
machines that take less me to milk
the cow and fewer people have to
spend me milking.
This allows farmers to milk more
cows, and produce more milk for
you and your family to drink. There
are fewer farmers today because
farmers are able to produce more
food with the land that they have.
This allows food to be more
affordable in the store so fewer
people go hungry. Also, because
farmers can produce more food,
those not involved in farming can
work in fields such as educa on,
science, history, medicine,
j o u r n a l i s m o r m a ny o t h e r
occupa ons.
Today, people can s ll grow their
ownfood at home.You could plant a
garden at home to grow your own
food, and see what it is like to be
farmer on a small scale. There are
many different types of farms that
have different prac ces for growing
food.
One thing remains the same about
agriculture today as it did centuries
ago: farm families own and operate
farms. Whether it is your next door
neighbor or farm miles away from
you, farmers and their families are
working hard to bring healthy and
affordable food to your dinner
plate.
09

12. The agro-processing and value addi on
is a very important ac vity which can
effec vely increase the profitability of
farmer, provide local employment,
reduce the losses in handling and
transport. Prosperity of any developing
country depends upon the prosperity of
its rural areas and that is possible only
when the villages become self-
sufficient. There is frustra on and
feeling of insecurity among the villagers
especially youth due to unemployment,
under-employment, idleness etc.
Villagers tend to migrate to urban areas
because of rural push due to hard
boring work, long hours, li le money,
few services, no prospects and
dwindling land holdings due to division
of lands among family members and on
urbanpullduetobe erchancesofjobs,
higher income, be er health care and
educa onfacili esetc.Avenueof
gainful employment
has to be
losses but also
p r o v i d e
a d d i o n a l
employment
(both direct
and indirect) to
t h e l o c a l
p e o p l e .
Processing of
f o o d
commodi es is
an essen al
step in value
addi on.
Rural entrepreneurship through
suitable agro-processing models/
complexes is essen al to increase the
income of the farmers, provide
significant employment opportuni es
to the rural youth and reduce huge
amount of post-harvest losses
especially in cereals, fruit and
vegetables.
Evolving Concept of Agro-Processing
Centre(APC)
An agro-processing centre is an
enterprise where the required facili es
for primary and secondary processing,
storage. Handling and drying of cereals,
pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and
spices are made available on rental/
charge basis to rural people. Value
added agro based products and
processed food items are also prepared
and marketed bythe centre. This type of
centre is managed by individuals/ co-
opera ves/community/organiza ons/
found out and they have to be found
right in the villages themselves. To
c r e a t e m o r e e m p l o y m e n t
opportuni es, there should be even
expansion and diversifica on of
agriculturalproducts.
Rural industrializa on or development
of suitable agro-processing models /
complexes is, therefore, a potent tool
topreventthemigra onofthissurplus
manpower to the urban areas and
boos ng developmental facili es at
the village level for socio-economic
upli of rural masses. The processing
of agro-food material into value added
products will not only increase the
income of the farmers, but, will also
provide significant employment
opportuni es to the rural youth. Thus,
the processing sector lately became
very important sector for all round
economic development. Post-harvest
processing is a necessary step in
conversion, value addi on and loss
preven on of agricultural produces. In
addi on, a huge amount of post-
harvest losses, especially in cereal,
foods and vegetables can be reduced
by establishing such agro-processing
complexes at the village level/ at the
focal points in districts. The problems
of post-harvest handling are generally
loca on specific and thus require
development of technology suited to
suchsitua ons.
T h e p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e fo o d
commodi es at the village level will
not only check the post-
harvest
Need to establish Agro-Processing Centres in
agriculture production catchments of Haryana
1109

13. voluntary organiza on. Machines and
equipmentofsmalltomediumcapacity
are used for these centres so that it will
be easy to operate and handle. The
centre meets the processing,
preserva on, handling and marke ng
needs of surplus produce available in a
village or a cluster of villages. Thus, it is
a means of providing income and
employment to rural people
through agro-processing
ac vi es of various produce.
Based on the available
s u r p l u s p r o d u c e ,
technologies and equipment
forprocessingthemarketable
products as per demand of
market is decided. The
ac vi es of centre can be
defined on the basis of
available raw materials, processed
products, market poten al, etc. These
ac vi es could also be the basis of
es ma on of capital cost investment
andrequirementoflandandbuilding.
Se ngofan APC
The proper planning of an agro-
industrial complex requires addressing
some basic ques ons like what, how,
when and by whom. The important
steps essen al in se ng up of an agro-
industrial complex are described
below:
Iden fica on of components of
APC
For selec ng
requirements
viii)Floorspace
ix)Fixedinvestment
x)Workingcapital
Agro-based technologies are classified
intotwogroups:
-PrimaryProcessingTechnologies
-SecondaryProcessingTechnologies
The primary processing technologies
are cleaning, grading, drying,
dehydra on and safe storage, whereas,
the secondary processing technologies
includes milling/ grinding, dehusking/
shelling, extrac on, ginning, weighing
and bagging. These technologies are
different for different crops e.g. the
process of rice milling is en rely
differentthanwheatmilling.
In India main agro-processing
technologies at farm level are
related to cereals, pulses,
oilseeds, hor cultural
produce, co on and spice
etc. Techno economic
viability of a number of
appropriate post-harvest
technologies have revealed
t h a t a g r o - p r o c e s s i n g
complexes may have one or
more of the following
technologies/ equipments depending
on the availability of resources i.e.
crops, residues, by-products, local
ar sans and trained labour in and
aroundthevillage/focalpoints.
y Miniricemillingunit
y Babyoilexpeller
y Co onginningcardingmachine
y Dhalmill
y Cleanersandgraders
y Drying facili es including solar /
mechanicaldryers
y Fruit and vegetables processing
including minimalprocessing
y Processing of perishables like milk,
fruitsandvegetables
y Feedprocessingmill
y Honeyprocessingunit
suitable agro-industrial technology /
equipment in rural areas, following
important points should be given due
considera on:
- Benchmark informa on on crops
grown and ongoing processing
ac vi es
- Volume of crops produc on and
marketablesurplus
- Technology / process to be used for
processing
- Iden fica on of suitable processing
technologies, plant and machinery for
desiredvolumeofproduc on
- Facility for storage and marke ng.
A er deciding the technologies, the
components of agro-processing
centre can be finalized and a specific
agro-industrial model can be finally
selectedforinstalla on.
FeasibilityReport
A er planning an agro-processing
centre, “A feasibility report” is
prepared which jus fies the
profitability of the project and acts as
guidelines,whileplanningtheproject,
each and every detail must be worked
out in advance and considered
carefully taking all the relevant
provisions in advance. It needs the
detailed study of the project, which
includes:
i) Project design i.e. type of agro-
processingmodelanditscomponents
ii)Detailsofvariouscomponentparts
iii)Rawmaterialrequirement
iv) Methods and processes of
produc on
v)Safetyandqualityconsidera ons
vi)Layoutandinstalla on
vii) Machine and
labour
12

15. Selec onofanexhibi on
Selec ng the right show to a end can
make a big difference to your success
level, qualified leads and sales versus
spending money, me and energy with
no return. The first ques ons you
should be asking are "who do you want
to reach at the show?" and "what do
you want to have happen?"There are
two groups of shows you should be
evalua ng, the shows you are presently
a ending, and the shows you want to
consider for future par cipa on. Who
is your target market and which shows
dotheya end?
Selec ng the right shows means
matching your show exhibi ng
objec ves with the right target
audiences, the right ming to meet
buyers’ purchasing pa erns and the
ability to show and demonstrate your
products/services. When evalua ng a
show’s poten al, gather as much
informa on as possible, show sta s cs
/ demographics and review lists of
p re v i o u s p a r c i p a nt s . Ve r i f y
informa on provided by show
management. Speak to past exhibitors
anda endees.
Whenever possible, personally visit the
show prior to exhibi ng to assess its
value. Evaluate the suppor ng events
and / or educa onal seminars around
the show. When evalua ng a show's
poten al, take geographical loca on
into considera on. Usually 40-60% of
a endees come from a 200 Kms radius
of the show loca on. Consider your
distribu onareaandtargetaudience.
Be cau ous about par cipa ng in
a first me show.
Promo
onal material may be extremely
persuasive, but a show without prior
history is a risky venture. Every show is
unique and there are many variables
affec ng direc on, volume and quality
of traffic past your display. Be familiar
with the floor plan. Consider how close
you want to be to the main a rac ons,
industry leaders, compe tors,
restrooms, food sta ons, entrances,
exits, escalators/ elevators/ li s,
windows or seminar sites. Avoid
obstruc ng columns, low ceilings,
dead-end aisles, loading docks and
freight doors, dark/poorly lit spaces,
ceiling water pipes, late set-up areas or
"blackspots"onthefloorplan.
Planyourstrategy
Planning is the key to the success of
your pre-show direct mail campaign.
There are many facets in the planning
process including the product/service,
t h e m e d i a , t h e o ff e r , t h e
communica ons format and an
evalua on of the results.
Y o u r
direct mail campaign should be used in
conjunc on with other pre-show
promo onal ac vi es such as
adver sing, telemarke ng, press
rela ons,etc.
Decide which product, service, or event
is most likely to a ract visitors to your
trade show exhibit. For the best
response, keep your promo on simple
and easy to understand. Write down
the objec ves for your promo on.
Makesurethey eintoyourestablished
trade show objec ves and marke ng
strategy. Think about the response you
want as well as the result you can
realis cally hope to achieve. Target the
people you want to respond to your
mailing. Think about their interests and
concerns. If you are promo ng to
different markets, you o en have to
reach mul ple buying influences within
each company. Consider tailoring your
messagetotheappropriateaudience.
Your mailing list is the most important
factor in determining whether your
mailingwillbe
Selec on of exhibi ons to par cipate
14

16. successful. O en, who you mail to is
equally, if not, more important than
what you mail. Your very best mailing
list is your own in-house list made up of
your current and past customers and
interested prospects. If you consider
buying a list, consider your secondary
as well as your primary markets. Merge
the registra on list from show
management with your in-house list to
avoid mailing duplicates. Your goal
should be threefold: to get your piece
opened, to get it read, and to get the
reader to take ac on. Think about using
envelope teasers, a en on-grabbing
headlines, offers, tes monials, benefit
charts or response coupons. Think
about size, color, whether it will contain
a reply mechanism or be just a simple
postcard. Color improves your
effec veness. Successful copy focuses
on one key message. Highlight your
uniqueness and compe ve advantage
by stressing the benefit that is most
important to your customer. When
wri ng copy, go through who, what,
where, when, and how exercise. Five
mes as many people read
headlines as read
b o d y
copy,sosaysomethingimportant.
An en cing offer will give prospects a
reason to visit your display. The
incen ve will only be meaningful and
irresis ble if it is linked to a direct
prospect benefit and only made
available at the show by redeeming the
offer at your stand. O en two-part
mailings en ce a endees to visit your
tradeshowexhibit.Thisusuallyconsists
of a premium item that is sent in two
parts. The first half is sent prior to the
show. If the visitor wants the second
half, they need to collect it at your
booth at the show. Timing is cri cal to
your show mailings. Consider the need
forasingleoraseriesof mailings.Plana
realis c meline for your campaign.
Use pre-sor ng to save on postage.
your mailing success is to establish a
Take advantage of show management’s
promo onal materials. Purchase pre-
printed postcards for pre-show
mailings. The best way to measure
tracking system. Use a code on each
mailing. As part of your incen ve offer,
encourage visitors to bring the mailing
toyourdisplayinexchangeforagi .
PlanYourTransporta on
Make the right transporta on
decisions for your
display and materials, will not only save
you me and money, but also a lot of
aggrava on.
The more me you have to plan, the
be er able you are to organize the best
transporta on op ons for your specific
needs. Your four main choices are
common carrier, van line and air freight
o r c o u r i e r s e r v i c e . L e a v i n g
transporta on to the last minute will
reduceyourop onsandraiseourcosts.
The packaging needs of the shipment,
the origin and des na on of the
shipment the amount of me set aside
for transporta on, and pick-up and
deliveryrequirements.
Common carriers are less expensive
and it is easy to check with them on
your shipment's loca on. Van lines /
Specialist exhibi on freight companies
offermorespecializedandpersonalized
point-to-point service. They are
equipped to handle crated or blanket-
wrapped pieces, the same driver load
and unload shipments and trucks
operate with "air-ride" (extra
cushioning).
Air freight offers the quickest means of
transporta on to show sites as they are
specialized air freight forwarders.
Courier service is the quickest means of
transporta on to show site for last
minutedetails.
DisadvantagesofCommonCarriers
The disadvantages of common carriers
are that they o en make several
transfers (which increases the
possibility of shipment damage), li le
direct contact is made with the
exhibitor (because they usually work
directly with the show contractor or
exhibi on house), the load may not be
able to tolerate normal road shock (not
good for sensi ve equipment),
common carriers only accept crated
material.
15

17. The disadvantage of exhibi on freight
companies is they can be more
expensive.
The disadvantages of air freight are that
brokers don’t have allegiance to any
one freight or commercial airline, high
costs, airline baggage handlers o en
use harsh handling techniques and
freightislimitedtocertainsizedpieces.
Select a carrier that has a dedicated
exhibi on services, 24-hour tracking
capability and drivers who have
experience delivering to show sites.
Check references and find out what
procedures they take for support
before,duringanda erthemove.
Find out from show management if
they have an official carrier for the
event. A recommended carrier is likely
to offer special prices as an incen ve to
use its services. To get the best pricing
from your carrier, consider bidding
annually or consolida ng all your
corporateshippingneeds.
There are several insurance op ons
available for your exhibit: corporate
insurance policies, common carrier or
van line insurance, and
extended liability
cover
age. Ask your carrier what insurance
coverage they carry for individual
shipments, whether they offer an
exhibi on floater insurance policy
(coversthedisplayfortheen reshow),
and what their procedure is for taking
care of damage claims. Every reputable
carrier is insured against loss or delay.
Check for specifics. Ask about
reimbursements for loss and specific
guarantees concerning inclement
weather or natural disasters. Label
every box, carton or crate with the
show name and booth number you are
shipping even if you are crea ng a skid
of boxes. Make sure all shipping labels
are securely a ached on top of old
labels. Take pre-printed labels with the
return address to replace in-bound
ones.
When exhibi ng interna onally,
consier using a shipper that has a
worldwide fleet or established
subsidiary connec ons. Check what
help they will give you with customs,
d o c u m e n t a o n p r o c e d u r e s ,
temporary import bonds, warehousing
and consolida on. Ask for guarantees
for quick customs clearance and the
shortest, least expensive delivery
route.
QualifyingProspects
Ques ons are a
formidable business tool. They are the
keys to unlocking many doors in any
sales situa on. Asking open ended
ques ons that engage a prospect and
revealneedsisapowerfulwaytogather
buyinginforma on.Letprospectsknow
youareinterestedinhelpingthemsolve
theirproblems.
Openingques ons
Find out immediately who you are
talking to and where they are from. You
don’t want to spend unnecessary me
with visitors you cannot help. What are
your main objec ves for a ending this
show and what specific products or
servicesareyoulookingfor?
Tell me about the project you’re
presentlyworkingon.
What are some of the major challenges
you’reexperiencing?
Inves ga ngneeds
Move on to more probing, business-
specific ques ons to create the fuel for
yourul matesale.
What do you like most about the
product or service you are presently
using and what would you like to
change?
What are your top three criteria for
buying?
Are you part of the buying team and, if
so, what specific informa on are you
lookingfor?
Demonstra ngques ons
During your demonstra on, keep the
prospectinvolvedandinterested.
What do you think of this product's
performance and how does it compare
withwhatyouarecurrentlyusing?
What specific concerns do you have
regarding our products, services, and
doingbusinesswithus?
Closingques ons
Using well prepared closing ques ons
canhelpproduceappropriatefollow-up
ac on.
How does your company decide which
vendorstoworkwith?
What else would be important for you
to know and what would you like to see
asthenextstep?
16

18. Interna onal Exhibitors: Know Your
Audience
Know your audience and how to greet
and address them. Formality is the
norm for most cultures, using tles
rather than first names. Shaking hands
is customary for most Europeans.
Asians usually avoid body contact.
Japanese welcome guests with a bow,
Chinesenod,boworclap.
The business card is like a passport
showing status and iden ty. Give the
same respect to a person's card as you
would the person. Study cards you are
given. Never write notes on them, fold
or even shove them in your pocket.
Consider prin ng cards on the reverse
in the local language using a
professionaltransla onservice.
Be sensi ve to the meanings of colors
and symbols in different countries. To
be safe, always do your research. For
example, black, white, yellow and
purple are o en associated with
funerals in Japan (purple in Brazil and
yellow in Mexico). Red and yellow are
considered lucky in China. In many
Asian countries "four" denotes death
and should be avoided, including
products packaged in fours. "Seven"
and"eight"areluckynumbers.
Assess the suitability of your product
and service in foreign markets and
decide if modifica ons are necessary
like size, design, electrical and other
standards, color or special packaging
requirements. Make the necessary
modifica ons to product literature,
warran es, training materials,
promo onalandadver singmedia.
It is best to hire a custom house broker
or freight forwarder to handle moving
your products overseas. They are
extremely knowledgeable about
import du es, documenta on, credit
transac ons, cra ng services,
insurance and bonding.
W h e n
t ra n s l a n g co py o r b u s i n e s s
communica on always use a na ve
speaker with technical knowledge of
your products and industry. English is
the language of interna onal business,
but decide whether you need to have
aninterpreteravailable.
U n d e r s t a n d t h e
d e c i s i o n m a k i n g
process
In North America,
decisions move at a
rapid pace with quick
answers and quick
solu ons. Execu ves
are o en frustrated
with a lengthy decision-
makingprocess.
In Asian countries,
decision making starts
from the lower levels in
the organiza on and
works its way up the ladder. Decisions
are usually made collec vely and the
processiso enslowandthorough.
In Europe, top-level management
a ends shows expec ng to place
orders. They want to deal with their
counterparts in your company. They
expect to discuss technical details and
will o en want to close major deals at
thetradeshow.
Take me to build rela onships
through personal contact. It may take
several appearances at trade shows
before your company is taken
seriously. Make duplicates of all vital
paperwork. Have names, addresses
and phone numbers of important
contacts, including your hotel in case
you get lost. Know who can service
your display overseas. Pack voltage
converters.
Interna onal Exhibitors: Know Your
Audience
Know your audience and how to greet
and address them. Formality is the
norm for most cultures,
u s i n g
tles rather than first names. Shaking
handsiscustomaryformostEuropeans.
Asians usually avoid body contact.
Japanese welcome guests with a bow,
Chinesenod,boworclap.
The business card is like a passport
showing status and iden ty. Give the
same respect to a person's card as you
would the person. Study cards you are
given. Never write notes on them, fold
or even shove them in your pocket.
Consider prin ng cards on the reverse
in the local language using a
professionaltransla onservice.
Be sensi ve to the meanings of colors
and symbols in different countries. To
be safe, always do your research. For
example, black, white, yellow and
purple are o en associated with
funerals in Japan (purple in Brazil and
yellow in Mexico). Red and yellow are
considered lucky in China. In many
Asian countries "four" denotes death
and should be avoided, including
products packaged in fours. "Seven"
and"eight"areluckynumbers.
Assess the suitability of your product
and service in foreign markets and
decide if modifica ons are necessary
like size, design, electrical and other
standards, color or special packaging
requirements. Make the necessary
modifica ons to product literature,
warran es, training materials,
promo onalandadver singmedia.
17

19. It is best to hire a custom house broker
or freight forwarder to handle moving
your products overseas. They are
extremely knowledgeable about
import du es, documenta on, credit
transac ons, cra ng services,
insurance and bonding. When
t ra n s l a n g c o p y o r b u s i n e s s
communica on always use a na ve
speaker with technical knowledge of
your products and industry. English is
the language of interna onal business,
but decide whether you need to have
aninterpreteravailable.
Understand the decision making
process
In North America, decisions move at a
rapid pace with quick answers and
quick solu ons. Execu ves are o en
frustrated with a lengthy decision-
makingprocess.
In Asian countries, decision making
starts from the lower levels in the
organiza on and works its way up the
ladder. Decisions are usually made
collec vely and the process is o en
slowandthorough.
In Europe, top-level management
a ends shows expec ng to place
orders. They want to deal with their
counterparts in your company. They
expect to discuss technical details and
will o en want to close major deals at
thetradeshow.
Take me to build rela onshipsthrough
personal contact. It may take several
appearances at trade shows before
your company is taken seriously. Make
duplicates of all vital paperwork. Have
names, addresses and phone numbers
of important contacts, including your
hotelincaseyougetlost.Knowwhocan
service your display overseas. Pack
voltageconverters.

20. Look under the bonnet of a Kubota and you will find something very special.
Three words that convey trust, quality and engineering excellence, Mode in
Don’t compromise. For your own peace of mind, insist on 100% Kubota.
Contact your local Kubota dealership or contact on
+91 9940337618 | Email: madalasagar.s@kubota.com
‘” ƒ”–Šá ‘” ‹ˆ ‡
www.kubota.com

21. Farm equipment, also referred as
agricultural equipment, encompasses
machinery that is used for the
produc on of crops and agricultural
livestock. Global farm equipment
market hosts a wide variety of
machineries that cater to the needs of
agricultural workers of different
regions. Farm equipment market
report provides a detailed analysis on
theindustrybytype,byfarmingphase
and by region. Major products in the
market include tractors, llage
equipment, plan ng equipment,
harves ng equipment and so on
which is used at different phases of
crop produc on.Farm mechaniza on
gained its importance in the recent
years with growing popula on and
growing food requirements. The
global market for farm equipment has
witnessed a dras c change in product
o ff e r i n g s d u e t o t h e
intensifica on of
farms and
large-scale farming prac ces.
Tractors account for the maximum
share in this market with China and
India as the dominant markets in
terms of volumes. Global farm
equipment market is es mated to
reach $200 billion by 2020 with 5.8%
CAGR during 2015-2020. Increasing
government support in the form of
subsidies for the purchase of farm
machinery and suppor ve market
prices for crops are the major drivers
of the market.The support provided
by the government in the form of
subsidies on the purchase of farm
equipment is fuelling the growth of
this industry in the developing
economies. Growth will be driven
primarily by sales gains in rapidly
developing na ons, par cularly
China, Brazil, and India, as these
countries con nue to mechanize
their agricultural sectors. Popula on
expansion and strong economic
growth in these na ons and in other
developing na ons will put
increasing pressure
o n
their farm sectors to become more
efficient and produc ve, resul ng in
g ro w t h i n m a c h i n e r y s a l e s .
Agricultural machinery demand in the
Asia/Pacific region was more than
twice that of any other region in 2011.
China and India will be the primary
na ons fueling future market
advances in the region, although
other smaller markets, including
Thailand and Indonesia, will also
expand rapidly. Central and South
America will post strong sales gains as
well, powered by growth in Brazil and
o t h e r co u nt r i e s w i t h l a rge ,
increasingly mechanized agricultural
sectors,suchasArgen na.
SalesinIndustrializedna ons
Throughout the industrialized world,
sales of farm equipment will be
determined largely by demand for
replacement machinery. North
America and Western Europe will
both record below average growth
through 2016. Demand in these
regionswillbedrivenbytechnological
advances, as the efficiency gains
afforded by new, technologically
sophis cated equipment will make it
economically feasible for farmers to
replace their machinery more
frequently. However, many farmers in
developed regions delayed replacing
their older machinery during the
2008-2010 economic crises, avoiding
major purchases of new machinery
because of an uncertain economic
environment. As a result, 2011 saw
the beginning of a spike in demand for
agricultural machinery, as be er
economic condi ons prompted
farmers to finally replace older
machines. Since an average
replacementcycleisgenerallyeightto
nine years, high demand in 2011 will
mean many farmers will not be
looking to replace machinery in 2016,
constrainingagriculturalequipment
Agriculture Equipment Market : 2015-2020
20

23. demand.The Global Agriculture
Equipment market is driven by robust
fundamentals & strong, long-term
demand & growth drivers linked directly
to a rapidly growing global popula on
besides growing demand from the bio-
fuel industry for agriculture sources
based feedstock. The global agricultural
output is required to double itself by
2050 as against the present level, in
order, to match the rate of global
popula on growth, as per projec ons,
amid diminishing natural resources,
thus, highligh ng & underscoring the
i m m i n e n t & u r g e n t n e e d f o r
tremendously enhancing efficiency &
produc vity through precision farming.
Addi onally, the global agriculture
equipment industry is in the midst of a
technology-driven evolu on phase
involvingincorpora on&integra onofa
host of ICT technologies onto product
pla orms that has augmented the
capabili es of these machines
tremendously by delivering enhanced
opera ng efficiency through detailed
performance monitoring & assessment,
improved opera ng economics, focus on
prognos cs and remote machinery
tracking as well as diagnos cs. Further,
new product development
efforts underway
a c r o s s
key global OEMs have a
significant focus as well as
emphasis on technological
innova ons capable of
delivering & transla ng
i nto p e r fo r m a n c e &
p r o d u c v i t y
e n h a n c e m e n t s .T h e
current & near term view
of the industry is, however,
dominated by con nued,
significant pressures on
f a r m i n c o m e s &
profitability emana ng
from an altered supply side
economics with record crop produc on
for 2014 across key geographic regions
impac ng crop prices & farm incomes
directly & significantly which is likely to
h a v e a
s i g n i fi c a n t
b e a r i n g o n
a g r i c u l t u r e
m a c h i n e r y
sales over near
t e r m . T h e
mul tude of
pressures on
top line growth
h a v e
necessitated &
r e n d e r e d
compe vene
ss as crucial to
protec ng profitability across industry
OEMs which have been working
towards op mizing & aligning their cost
base & industrial footprint with
emergingdemandscenario.
Machinerytogrowfastest
Tractors account for the maximum share
in the global farm equipment market with
China and India as the dominant markets.
In the past decade, precision farming
prac ces have evolved dras cally with the
integra on of computer-aided systems.
Large-scale farming in the developed
regions has led to the usage of
a d v a n c e d
technological solu ons within the farming
ac vi es, such as remote sensing, wireless
communica on, GPS Guidance and Data
analy cs. Global leaders in the market
have been providing farm management
solu ons that ensure low-cost and
efficient farm opera ons. Con nuous
innova on prevails in this industry due to
ever-evolving needs of farming. However,
machinery that has been developed by
manufacturers needs to be tested and
permi ed for safety and emission before it
iscommercialized.
Environmental concern in agriculture has
resulted in no- ll farming and drip
irriga on and these prac ces have proven
to be environmentally sustainable as well
as economical. No- ll farming is majorly
prac ced in the Americas and the Western
European regions; whereas, it is negligible
in APAC andAfrica.
Plowing and cul va ng machinery is also
expected to be the fastest growing product
type through 2016, expanding 9.1 percent
per year to $10.7 billion as farmers in
developing na ons purchase larger and
more complex lling equipment to
increase the produc vity of their land.
A ermarket parts and a achments
demand is projected to increase at the
slowest rate, climbing 5.5 percent per year
to $27.8 billion in 2016 as the durability of
new machinery con nues to improve, thus
limi ngrepairandmaintenancespending.
22

24. A P J A b d u l
K a l a m ( 1 5
October 1931
– 27 July 2015)
was the 11th
President of
I n d i a f r o m
2002 to 2007.
A c a r e e r
s c i e n s t
t u r n e d
r e l u c t a n t
poli cian, Kalam was born and raised in
Tamil Nadu and studied physics and
aerospaceengineering.
Kalam was elected President of India in
2002 with the support of both the
ruling and the opposi on. A er serving
a term of five years, he returned to his
civilian life of educa on, wri ng and
public service. He was a recipient of
several pres gious awards, including
the Bharat Ratna, India's highest
civilianhonor.
He was the Chief Guest and delivered
the convoca on address during the 5th
Convoca on Programme scheduled to
be held on 19th May, 2015 at Birsa
Agricultural University Campus, Ranchi
(India), Agrimech is highligh ng some
important points from his lecture as a
tributetothatgreatpersonality.
“I am delighted to par cipate in the 5th
Convoca on of Birsa Agricultural
University (BAU), Ranchi. My gree ngs
to the Hon’ble Chancellor, Vice
Chancellor, Members of Board of
Management and Academic Council;
Deans of facul es, dis nguished
guests, graduates and dear students. I
am happy that Birsa Agricultural
University has linked its educa on,
research and extension with
r u r a l
devel
opment. It is heartening to know that
BAU is contribu ng in developing
strategies for op mum income to
farmers with large, medium, small and
marginal farm holdings. Friends, I
congratulate all the students who are
gradua ng today and also the faculty
for shaping the young minds. Today,
when I am in the midst of future
agricultural scien sts, I would like to
share few thoughts on Dimensions of
21stCenturyofIndianAgriculture.”
Six-inchlayeroftop-soil
Friends, a few days back, I was reading
a recently published book "What a
wonderful World" wri en by Marcus
Chown. I want to quote a beau ful
paragraph from the book that captures
well the importance of agriculture to
sustain human life on our planet.
Marcus Chown writes, "Let us
remember why we are here: because
our farming ancestors learned the fine
art of growing crops from the wild
plants. Man despite his ar s c
pretensions, his sophis ca on, and his
many accomplishments, owes his
existence to a six-inch layer of top-soil
andthefactthatitrains."
Agriculturalproduc vity
Friends, it has been found that
entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in
thedevelopmentandwell-beingofthe
society, as it creates jobs, drives and
shapes innova on and promotes
compe on which in-turn improves
produc vity. Agricultural produc vity
can grow and enrich our farmers only
through integrated rural development
involving agriculture and non-
agricultural growth along with societal
missions.
Today, one of the major problems in
the field of agriculture is; small size
land holding by farmers which is
con nuously ge ng fragmented
due to our family structure. Under
these circumstances, the only solu on
for increasing the produc vity is to
create a posi ve farmer coopera ve
movementinourruralsectorwhichwill
bringtogethersmallfarmersfacilita ng
mechanizedfarming,silostorage,value
addi on and marke ng of agro-
products. When the farmer's
p r o d u c o n i n c r e a s e s , t h e s e
coopera ves will forecast and establish
networks with markets on behalf of the
individual farmer members to facilitate
rapid movement where there is a
demand and profit cost. Also, the
entrepreneurs should plan for
diversifica onandvalueaddi onofthe
product needed by various sec ons of
thesociety.
Transgenictechnology
Friends, last year marks the 30th
anniversary of the first successful
introduc on of a foreign gene into a
plant. A transgenic crop plant contains
a gene or genes which have been
ar ficially inserted instead of the plant
acquiring them through pollina on.
Depending on where and for what
purpose the plant is grown, desirable
genes may provide features such as
higher yield or improved quality, pest
or disease resistance, or tolerance to
heat, cold and drought. Transgenic
technology enables plant breeders to
bringtogetherinoneplantusefulgenes
from a wide range of living sources, not
just from within the crop species or
fromcloselyrelatedplantsandexpands
the possibili es beyond the limita ons
imposed by tradi onal cross-
pollina on and selec on techniques.
Transgenic BT corn, for example, which
produces its owninsec cide,contains a
genefromabacterium.
Dimensions of 21st Century Indian Agriculture
"The farmer needs right type of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides at the right time and at right source."
APJ Abdul Kalam
23

25. 24
GoodQualitySeeds
Despite best efforts of all public and
private agencies suppor ng agriculture
in our country, availability of quality
seeds to large number of farmers at
reasonable price is s ll an important
issue. Providing good and healthy seeds
is the basic input for higher produc vity
and quality produce. All stake holders in
agriculture should pay added a en on
to this important aspect. Par cularly,
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
may take a mission mode opera on for
providingright type of seeds at the right
me at affordable cost through reliable
marke ng ins tu ons, in addi on to
soiltes ngPlant
breeders and plant bio-technologists
have to cope-up with increasing
demands of quality seeds of different
crops with useful characteris cs
besides higher yield. The College of
Biotechnology under BAU can take up
the mission of providing the right type
of seeds. I consider that the second
green revolu on is possible only with
provision of right type of quality seeds
tothefarmers.
Let me now discuss about
o r g a n i c
f a r
ming.
Be er value of Agriculture through
organic farming Friends, in the
environmental climate change; there is
a need for Farmers, Agricultural
P l a n n e r s , E d u c a o n i s t s a n d
researcherstoincreasethequantumof
organic farming in the country. Organic
agriculture recognizes that crop
rota onandintensivepartnershipwith
animal husbandry is important to
maintain ecological balance. In this
respect, organic farming becomes a
sustainable development process.
Farmers can realize be er value from
the agricultural residue. Of course,
various state governments have
launched the unique mission giving
priority and assistance to the farmers
fororganicfarming.
Typical solu on based on scien sts
andmanagementexperts
An integrated development plan with
employment genera on as the focus,
driven by provision of the habitat,
h e a l t h c a r e , e d u c a o n , s k i l l
development, physical and electronic
connec vity and marke ng as a
business proposi on in a sustainable
manner is envisaged. Certain research
areas have been iden fied for
agriculture sector. The Birsa
A g r i c u l t u r a l
Universitymayliketoconsidertakingitasa
mission mode program involving R & D
agencies, agricultural universi es,
industry,farmersandthegovernment:
In many parts of the na on, it has been
found that the soil is deficient in micro
nutrients such as zinc, boron and sulphur.
There is a need to map this deficiency in
different areas and bridge the gap through
balanced fer liza on demonstrated on
largefarmsandthemul -croppingsystem.
Providing improved quality seed varie es,
matching the soil condi on and climate
variability. The quality seeds have to be
made available to the farmers to buy at the
right me.
Forecas ng to the farmers correctly at the
right me, the monsoon arrival and also
the monsoon performance. Right input to
the farmers accordingly should be
available.
Promo ng appropriate land and water
management prac ces for allevia ng
water logging and simultaneously
harves ng water for subsequent
supplemental irriga on. Farmers and
agriculture scien sts have to work
together.
Capacity building among stakeholders
through training, skill development and
onlineproblemsolvingandknowledge

26. Capacity building among stakeholders
through training, skill development and
online problem solving and knowledge
sharing through agri-clinics at block
level.
Arranging efficient processing of
produce which can result in a value
addi on of 4 to 5 mes and increased
shelf-life. Coopera ve farming can be
introduced, par cularly for small land
holding farmers, so that the seeding to
the harvest and marke ng can be made
moreefficient.
We need research on nutri onal of
aspect of food and create a plant, or
farm mix which leads of efficient
nutri oninthefoodproduce.
My farmer friends tell me, that one of
the key research and development area
which they need is in the field of agro
economics and development of proper
markets for farm produce. I would also
suggest research areas for BAU may
include issues like forward pricing,
b r e a k i n g t h e m o n o p o l y a n d
carteliza on of purchasers, fixing of
spot prices before delivery and a
marketwherethefarmerhasthechoice
onwhomtosell.
Conclusion
Friends, the second green revolu on is
indeed a knowledge gradua on from
characteriza on of soil to the matching
oftheseedwiththecomposi on ofthe
fer lizer, water management and
evolving pre-harves ng techniques for
such condi ons. The domain of a
farmer’s work would enlarge from
grain produc on to food processing
and marke ng through coopera ves.
While doing so, utmost care would
have to be taken for various
environmental and people related
aspects leading to sustainable
development.
With this background, I would like to
ask you, what would you like to be
remembered for? You should write it
on a page. That page may be a very
important page in the book of human
history. And you will be remembered
forcrea ngthatonepageinthehistory
ofthena on:
Will you be remembered for planning
and execu ng a second green
revolu on which can double the
produc vityperhectare?
Will you be remembered for
developing new seeds which can be
resistanttotheweathervagaries?
Will you be remembered for evolving a
strategy for biofuels, from plants and
algae, which can effec vely replace
fossilfuels?
W i l l yo u b e re m e m b e re d fo r
implemen ng a roadmap for organic
cul va on, free from harmful
pes cides and chemical fer lizers
whichcangivehealthierfoodforall?
Will you be remembered for execu ng
be er management of food processing,
storage and marke ng to help farmers
overcomemarketfluctua ons?
Will you be remembered for inven ng a
new digital and computerized
mechanism of managing farming
equipment and machines, op mal
irriga onandfarmsupervision?
My best wishes to all the gradua ng
students and members of the faculty of
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi for
success in their mission of working
towards enhancement of sustained
agriculturalproduc vityforthena on.
MayGodBlessYou
Dr APJ AbdulKalam
25

27. Qk;ns %
) xksfcUn jksVksosVj vU; d`f"k ;a=ksa dh rqyuk
esa ,d ;k nks gh tqrkbZ esa t+ehu dks cksus ds
fy, rS;kj dj nsrk gSAftlls yxHkx 40ø Mhty dh cpr
vkSj 60ø le; dh cpr gksrh gSA
) ikjEifjd rjhdksa ls [ksr dks cqvkbZ ds fy, rS;kj
djus esa yxHkx 10 ls 15 fnu dk le; yxrk gS ijUrq
xksfcUn jksVksosVj ls [ksr cqvkbZ ds fy, rqjUr
rS;kj gks tkrk gSA
) xksfcUn jksVksosVj feV~Vh dks cqvkbZ ds fy,
rqjUr rS;kj dj nsrk gS] ftlls fiNyh Qly dh feV~Vh
dh ueh csdkj ugha tkrh] bl izdkj ty izcU/ku esa
enn Hkh djrk gSA
) vU; d`f"k ;a=ksa dh rqyuk esa cjlkr gksus ds
ckn rqjUr blls tqrkbZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA xhyh
feV~Vh esa tqrkbZ bldk vkn'kZ mi;ksx gS] lkFk
The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.
The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.
ûËOüxË»x`sË
wZsË66_Þ_üÌ
ûÞ66¶s_Þ_üÌ
µsËDxnâ¼ss_
âÞ_sûËXãNÞããÞxX
»³û³w³â¼ss_¹Ê»Mº
ÊxüxËâ¼ss_¹Ê»Mº
Wx³x¯D6_sã
µsËDxn
wZsË6x_»ËxüsOüÞxX
âßüxâä˳»³
àäßON
àáßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
âå
âÌsËDx6ü
âäüxãä˳»³
àçßON
àäßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
ãá
âÌsËDx6ü
ãäüxää˳»³
áßäON
àæäON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
ãç
âÌsËDx6ü
ääüxæß˳»³
áâßON
áßßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
äã
âÌsËDx6ü
æßüxæä˳»³
áääON
ááäON
M6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
åß
âÌsËDx6ü
GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225
rduhdh fo'ks"krk,a %
xUuk dikl dsyk dkuZ LVkDl lw[kh&xhyh t+ehu
VFKD@RFO…SRK
Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox
160
16 17 18 19 2015 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 22
180 200 225 252 282 232
Tractor PTO 540 (RPM) 1000 (RPM)
VFKD@RFO…SRK
QHG]O
NšKGJKCKX= G3NJX JKS-
ACKJKCDHÏW IHÎ
( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited )
!N)3/#OMPANY
GOBINDINDUSTRIESCOININFO GOBINDINDUSTRIESCOIN
( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited )
!N)3/#OMPANY
$ASHARABAGH(AIDERGARH2OAD"ARABANKI50
6XJDUFDQH &RWWRQ %DQDQD &RUQ6WDONV: HW'U)LHOG
) *RELQG5RWDYDWRULVEHWWHUWKDQRWKHUDJULFXOWXUDOHTXLSPHQWVWRSUHSDUHWKHVRLOLQMXVW
RQHRUWZRWLPHVRIFXOWLYDWLRQDQGDOVRLWVDYHWKH GLHVHODQG WLPH
) 7UDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGWDNHVPLQLPXP GDVWRSUHSDUHVHHGEHGZKHUHDVE
*RELQG5RWDYDWRUVRLOLVLPPHGLDWHODYDLODEOHIRUVRZLQJ
) *RELQG5RWDYDWRUFDQLPPHGLDWHOSUHSDUHWKHVRLOPRLVWXUHRISUHYLRXVFURSGRHVQRW
JRZDVWHWKXVKHOSVZDWHUPDQDJHPHQW
) &XOWLYDWLRQRIVRLOFDQEHGRQHLPPHGLDWHODIWHUWKHUDLQEHFDXVHLWLVWKHLGHDOXVHIRU
5RWDYDWRULWDOVRSXVKWKHWUDFWRUIRUZDUGLQVRLO
) *RELQG5RWDYDWRULVEHQHILFLDOIRUWKHODQGRIUHDSHGVXJDUFDQHEDQDQDVMXWHGULHG
JUDVVDQGRWKHUFRUSV
) *HDU%R[+HDYGXWH[SRUWTXDOLWJHDUER[ DQGLWKDYHORQJHUVHUYLFHOLIH
) %R[)UDPH,WKDYHKHDYGXWVTXDUHSLSHDQGPDGHXSIURPKHDYSODWHV
) 7UDLOLQJ%RDUG,WKDYHDXWRPDWLFVSULQJZKLFKKHOSVLQWRKDYHDTXDOLWFXOWLYDWLRQRI
VRLODQGLWVSUHVVXUHEDODQFHWKHZHWVRLO
) 372 6KDIW:DWHUSURRIFURVVZLWKSURWHFWLRQJXDUG
) ,WKDYHGRXEOHVSULQJPXOWLOLSRLOVHDO
) 7LOOHU%ODGHV%ODGHVPDGHXSIURPDGYDQFHGLPSRUWHGSDUWVZKLFKHDVLOFXOWLYDWHWKH
VRLOZLWKRXWKHDYORDGDQGDOVRKHOSVLQVPRRWKUXQQLQJ
) 6LGH7UDQVPLVVLRQ6LGHJHDUVPDGHRXWRIEHVWTXDOLWVWHHOSURSHUOKHDWWUHDWHG
WHFKQRORJZKLFKJLYHVWKHUHJXODUIXQFWLRQLQJZLWKORQJHUOLIH
GOBINDINDUSTRIESCOININFO GOBINDINDUSTRIESCOIN
&OR$EALERSHIPAND$ISTRIBUTORSHIP%NQUIRY
,ALIT3ACHEDVA
SACHDEVALALIT GMAILCOM
The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.
The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.
ûËOüxË»x`sË
wZsË66_Þ_üÌ
ûÞ66¶s_Þ_üÌ
µsËDxnâ¼ss_
âÞ_sûËXãNÞããÞxX
»³û³w³â¼ss_¹Ê»Mº
ÊxüxËâ¼ss_¹Ê»Mº
Wx³x¯D6_sã
µsËDxn
wZsË6x_»ËxüsOüÞxX
âßüxâä˳»³
àäßON
àáßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
âå
âÌsËDx6ü
âäüxãä˳»³
àçßON
àäßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
ãá
âÌsËDx6ü
ãäüxää˳»³
áßäON
àæäON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
ãç
âÌsËDx6ü
ääüxæß˳»³
áâßON
áßßON
âÞX¶6sÀM6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
äã
âÌsËDx6ü
æßüxæä˳»³
áääON
ááäON
M6üÞ
µsË
äãßÀàßßß
ááß
åß
âÌsËDx6ü
GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225
Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox
160
16 17 18 19 2015 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 22
180 200 225 252 282 232
Tractor PTO 540 (RPM) 1000 (RPM)
QHG]O
varjk"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj fufeZr
jksVksosVj
gj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viukgj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viukgj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viuk
de
[kir
vf/kd tqrkbZ !"#
Mcy fLizxa
vf/kd bVkfy;uvf/kd bVkfy;u
CysM ds lkFkCysM ds lkFk
vf/kd bVkfy;u
CysM ds lkFk
!"#
'RXEOH
6SULQJ
$ 'UHDPRI(YHU)DUPHU$ 'UHDPRI(YHU)DUPHU$ 'UHDPRI(YHU)DUPHU
527$9$725
$
%
%$
jksVksosVj
OIL FILLED
GEAR
DRIVE
WARNING
Check oil level before
using machine tighten
all bolts everyday

28. M a c h i n e r y a n d
equipment are major
cost items in farm
businesses. Larger
m a c h i n e s , n e w
technology, higher
prices for parts and new
machinery, and higher
energy prices have all
caused machinery and
powercoststoriseinrecentyears.
However, good machinery managers
can control machinery and power costs
per acre. Making smart decisions about
how to acquire machinery, when to
trade, and how much capacity to invest
in can reduce machinery costs as much
as $50 per acre. All these decisions
require accurate es mates of the costs
of owning and opera ng farm
machinery.
MachineryCosts
Farm machinery costs can be divided
into two categories: annual ownership
costs, which occur regardless of
machine use, and opera ng costs,
which vary directly with the amount of
machineuse.
The true value of these costs cannot be
known un l the machine is sold or worn
out. But the costs can be es mated by
making a few assump ons about
machine life, annual use, and fuel and
laborprices.
Ownershipcosts(alsocalledfixedcosts)
include deprecia on, interest
(opportunity cost), taxes, insurance,
andhousingandmaintenancefacili es.
Deprecia on
Deprecia on is a cost resul ng from
wear, obsolescence, and age of a
machine. The degree of mechanical
wearmaycausethevalueofapar cular
machine to be somewhat above or
below the average value for similar
machines when it is traded
or sold. The
i nt
roduc on of new technology or a
major design change may make an
older machine suddenly obsolete,
causing a sharp decline in its remaining
value. But age and accumulated hours
of use are usually the most important
factors in determining the remaining
valueofamachine.
Before an es mate of annual
deprecia on can be calculated, an
economic life for the machine and a
“salvage value” at the end of the
economic life need to be specified. The
economic life of a machine is the
number of years over which costs are
to be es mated. It is o en less than the
machine’s service life because most
farmers trade a machine for a different
one before it is completely worn out. A
good rule of thumb is to use an
economic life of 10 to 12 years for most
farm machines and a 15-year life for
tractors, unless you know you will
tradesooner.
Salvage value is an es mate of the sale
value of the machine at the end of its
economic life. It is the amount you
could expect to receive as a trade-in
allowance, an es mate of the used
market value if you expect to sell the
machine outright, or zero if you plan to
keepthemachineun litiswornout.
Interest
If you borrow money to buy a machine,
the lender will determine the interest
rate to charge. But if you use your own
capital, the rate to charge will depend
on the opportunity cost for that capital
elsewhere in your farm business. If
only part of the money is borrowed, an
average of the two rates should be
used. For the example we will assume
anaverageinterestrateof7percent.
Infla on reduces the real cost of
inves ng capital in farm machinery,
however, since loans can be repaid
with cheaper dollars. The interest rate
should be adjusted by subtrac ng the
expected rate of infla on. For
our example
we will assume a 2 percent infla on
rate, so the adjusted or “real” interest
rateis5percent.
The joint costs of deprecia on and
interest can be calculated by using a
capital recovery factor. Capital recovery
is the number of dollars that would
have to be set aside each year to just
r e p a y t h e v a l u e l o s t d u e t o
deprecia on,andpayinterestcosts.
For the example, the capital recovery
factor for 15 years and 5 percent is
0.096. The annual capital recovery cost
is found by first mul plying the
appropriate capital recovery factor by
the difference between the total
deprecia on, then adding the product
of the interest rate and the salvage
valuetoit.
Taxes,insurance,andhousing(TIH)
These three costs are usually much
smaller than deprecia on and interest,
but they need to be considered.
Property taxes on farm machinery have
been phased out in Iowa, except for
verylargeinventories.Forstatesthatdo
have property taxes on farm machinery,
acostes mateequalto1percentofthe
average value of the machine is o en
used.
Insurance should be carried on farm
machinery to allow for replacement in
case of a disaster such as a fire or
tornado. If insurance is not carried, the
risk is assumed by the rest of the farm
business. Current rates for farm
machinery insurance in Iowa range
from $4 to $6 per $1,000 of valua on,
or about 0.5 percent of the average
value.
There is a tremendous varia on in
housing provided for farm machinery.
P rov i d i n g s h e l te r, to o l s , a n d
maintenance equipment for machinery
will result in fewer repairs in the field
and less deteriora on of mechanical
partsandappearancefromweathering.
That should produce greater reliability
in the field and a higher trade-in value.
An es mated charge of 0.5 percent of
the average value is suggested for
housingcosts.
27
Estimating of Farm Establishment Costs

29. TotalOwnershipCost
The es mated costs of deprecia on,
interest, taxes, insurance, and housing
are added together to find the total
ownershipcost.
Opera ng costs (also called variable
costs)includerepairsandmaintenance,
fuel,lubrica on,andoperatorlabor.
RepairsandMaintenance
Repair costs occur because of rou ne
maintenance, wear and tear, and
accidents. Repair costs for a par cular
type of machine vary widely from one
geographic region to another because
of soil type, rocks, terrain, climate, and
other condi ons. Within a local area,
repair costs vary from farm to farm
because of different management
policiesandoperatorskill.
Thebestdatafores ma ngrepaircosts
are records of your own past repair
expenses. Good records indicate
whether a machine has had above or
below average repair costs and when
major overhauls may be needed. They
will also provide informa on about
your maintenance program and your
mechanical ability. Without such data,
though, repair costs must be es mated
fromaverageexperience.
Fuel
Fuel costs can be es mated in two
ways. Lists average fuel use in gallons
per acre for many field opera ons.
Those figures can be mul plied by the
fuel cost per gallon to calculate the
averagefuelcostperacre.
Lubrica on
Surveys indicate that total
lubrica on costs
o n
most farms average about 15 percent
of fuel costs. Therefore, once the fuel
cost per hour has been es mated, you
can mul ply it by 0.15 to es mate total
lubrica oncosts.
Labor
Because different size machines
require different quan es of labor to
accomplish such tasks as plan ng or
harves ng, it is important to consider
labor costs in machinery analysis.
Labor cost is also an important
considera on in comparing ownership
tocustomhiring.
Actual hours of labor usually exceed
field machine me by 10 to 20 percent,
becauseoftravelandthe merequired
lubrica ng and servicing machines.
Consequently, labor costs can be
es mated by mul plying the labor
wagerate mes1.1or1.2.
TotalOpera ngCost
Repair, fuel, lubrica on and labor costs
are added to calculate total opera ng
cost.
TotalCost
A erallcostshavebeenes mated,the
total ownership cost per hour can be
added totheopera ngcostperhour to
calculate total cost per hour to own
andoperatethemachine.
ImplementCosts
Costs for implements or a achments
that depend on tractor power are
es mated in the same way as the
example tractor, except that there is no
fuel, lubrica on, or labor costs
involved.
UsedMachinery
Costs for used machinery can be
es mated by using the same
procedure shown for new machinery.
However, the fixed costs will usually be
lower because the original cost of the
machine will be lower. And repair costs
will usually be higher because of the
greater hours of accumulated use.
Therefore, the secret to successful
used machinery economics is to
balance higher hourly repair costs
against lower hourly fixed costs. If you
misjudge the condi on of the
machine such
that your repair costs are higher than
you an cipated, or if you pay too high a
price for the machine so that your fixed
costs are not as low as you an cipated,
the total hourly costs of a used machine
may be as high or higher than those of a
newmachine.
TotalCostsperOpera on
Tractor costs must be added to the
implement costs to determine the
combined total cost per hour of
opera ngthemachine.
Finally, total cost per hour can be
divided by the hourly work rate in acres
per hour or tons per hour to calculate
thetotalcostperacreorperton.
The hourly work rate or field capacity of
an implement or self-propelled
machine can be es mated from the
effec ve width of the machine (in feet),
its speed across the field (in miles per
hour), and its field efficiency (in
percent). The field efficiency is a factor
that adjusts for me lost due to turning
at the end of the field, overlapping,
making adjustments to the machine,
and filling or emptying tanks and
hoppers.
IncomeTaxConsidera ons
The tax treatment of different methods
of acquiring machine services is a major
factor in evalua ng machine costs. If a
machine is purchased, all variable
expenses except unpaid labor are
deduc ble when determining income
tax liability. Housing expenses, taxes,
insurance, and interest payments made
on a loan to finance the machine
purchasearealsotaxdeduc ble.
Deprecia on for tax purposes is
calculated quite differently from
economic deprecia on due to the
actual decline in value of a machine. Tax
deprecia on methods reduce salvage
value to zero a er a few years for most
machines. Tax deprecia on expense is
useful for calcula ng the tax savings
that result from a machinery purchase,
but should not be used to es mate true
economiccosts.
28

30. Having covered the Agriculture retail
industry and drones in precision
agriculture over the past three years,
I’ve heard a lot at this point on the
subject of drone applica ons on the
farm.
From the ability to image, recreate, and
analyze individual leaves on a soybean
plant from 400 feet, to
ge ng informa on on the
water-holding capacity of
soil, to variable-rate water
applica ons out West, the
industry has been sold -and
sold HARD- on how UAVs
can deliver ROI for both
g r o w e r s a n d c r o p
consultantsalike.
Unfortunately, many of the
promises being made to
our na on’s food suppliers
simply cannot be delivered
or backed up by proper
research… yet. The FAA is just now
opening up segments of the na onal
airspace for commercial research to
takeplace.
In the coming years all of the possible
uses for these flying robots will be
fleshedoutbytheindustry itself,butfor
now here are five applica ons
that are already
b e i n g
implemented on someone’s Back
Forty, somewhere (as long as FAA
doesn’tfindout):
Mid-Season Crop Health Monitoring
(aka Scou ng): The ability to inspect in-
progress crops from on high with
Normalized Difference Vegeta ve
Index (NDVI) or near-infrared (NIR)
sensors is, thus far, the #1 use for
drones in farming. A task that
tradi onally was done by o en-
reluctant college interns walking fields
with notepad in hand, drones like
SenseFly’s eBee Ag now allow for
coverage of more acres, as well as the
capturing of data that cannot be seen
by the human eye (NDVI). Plus, it
removes much of the human error
aspect of tradi onal scou ng, though
physically inspec ng areas of
concern a er
v i e w i n g t h e i m a g e r y, i s s l l
recommended.
Irriga on Equipment Monitoring:
Managing mul ple irriga on pivots is…
well, it’s a pain, especially for large
growers that have many fields spread
out across a county or region. Once
crops like corn begin reaching certain
h e i g ht s , m i d - s e a s o n
inspec ons of the nozzles
and sprinklers on irriga on
equipment that deliver
much-needed water really
becomes a pain-in-the-
you-know-what.
M i d - F i e l d W e e d
Iden fica on: Using NDVI
sensor data and post-flight
image processing to create
a weed map, growers and
their agronomists can
easily differen ate areas of
h i g h - i nte n s i t y we e d
prolifera on from the healthy crops
growing right alongside them.
Historically, many growers haven’t
realized how pronounced their weed
problemwasun lharvest me.
Variable-Rate Fer lity: Although many
will argue ground-based or satellite
imagery,alongwithadedicatedgridsoil
sampling program, are more prac cal
for the purpose of refining Nitrogen,
P h o s p h o r u s a n d P o t a s s i u m
applica ons in agriculture, drones do
havetheirfit.
22
5 Actual Uses For Drones In Precision Agriculture Today

31. Agribo x, a Boulder, CO-based ag
drone service startup, has used NDVI
maps to direct in-season fer lizer
applica ons on corn and other crops.
By using drone-generated, variable-
rate applica on (VRA) maps to
determine the strength of nutrient
uptake within a single field, the farmer
can apply 60 pounds of fer lizer to the
struggling areas, 50 pounds to the
medium areas, and 40 pounds to the
healthy areas, decreasing fer lizer
costsandboos ngyields.
Ca le Herd Monitoring: Many growers
during the days of depressed
commodity prices in the late-90s to
early 2000s made the call to
diversify their farms
b y
adding ca le or
swine opera ons.
Drones are a solid
o p o n f o r
monitoring herds
from overhead,
t r a c k i n g t h e
quan ty and ac vity
level of animals on
one’s property. And
they are especially
helpful for night-
me monitoring due
to the human eye’s
inability thus far to evolve to the point
ofseeinginthedark.
So there you have it. As the calendar
turns to 2015, these are the current
most-common uses we are seeing for
drones in precision agriculture. Of
course, we do expect
t h i s
list to undergo explosive growth in the
near-future as more and more research
takes place, so stay tuned to
DroneLife.com and our ongoing
coverage of drones in precision
agriculture.
30

32. NEW DELHI: Farmers in Gujarat and
Rajasthan could soon have an
unmanned aerial vehicle flying over
their fields to survey their crops,
helping them map crop diseases
along with assis ng insurance
companiesinse lingclaims.
Weather forecaster SKYMET has
already conducted a pilot project in
parts of Gujarat to map the
groundnut crop along with
Agriculture Insurance Company
(AIC) of India and will soon be flying
across field in the coming
summer.
" Re m o te s e n s i n g
through unmanned
aerial vehicles allows
n o n d e s t r u c v e
sampling to observe
agronomic indicators
every square meter.
We did a pilot project
last year and will
increase its coverage
across Rajasthan and
Gujarat this year," said
Ja n Singh, CEO of
SKYMET.
The technology has
been in use in the
United States and
o t h e r d e ve l o p e d
countries to map crop
posi on, control farm
subsidies, detect
p e s t s , m o n i t o r
nutri onal and water
stress on crops, and
even spray fer lizer
and pes cides on
crops.
SKYMET, along with
the AIC and Gujarat government,
used satellite remote sensing
technologies and drones across 10
villages in Morbi district of Gujarat
lastyear.
"We covered the groundnut crop,
clicking images a few cen meters
away, which is not possible via
satellite," said Singh. Satellite's
resolu ons are less and if a cloud
cover comes, then you can't use the
images, he said, adding, "At a me
when land holdings are less and
there is mul cropping we were
able to help Gujarat government in
monitoring of the agriculture area
and crop yield. The data
c o u l d
help AIC ingivingfarmersclaims."
T h e a u to m a c a n d re m o te
controlled UAVs cover 5 sq km in a
single flight, with generally two
flights (missions) per day. UAVs send
images every five seconds and
providegeoreferencedimages.
"It's a beneficial technology for
states that have digi zed land
records or are in the process of
digi zing. Pictures clicked by the
unmanned aerial vehicles can be
superimposed on digital maps of
states and we can iden fy farms and
crops sown," said PJ Joseph,
chairman and managing director of
AIC.
Joseph said that with farmers not
declaring the correct crop for
insurance, the technology helped
them find out total area under a
par cular crop sown. "UAVs are
being used the world over. I feel that
on a commercial basis the
technology is cheaper than sending
peopleinfields,"hesaid.
S K Y M E T p ro v i d e s we at h e r
informa on to governments,
companies, commodity markets,
interna onal organiza ons and
banks.
In 2014, it raised $4.5 million from a
consor um of investors led by Asia
Pacific, an investment arm of the
UK'sDailyMailGroup.
The company plans to use proceeds
from the series B round of financing,
in which SKYMET's exis ng investor,
the Godrej group-backed Omnivore
Partners also par cipated, to
introduce new instrumenta on for
tracking hail and frost, research and
d e v e l o p m e n t f o r w e a t h e r
forecas ng, forecas ng for crop
area and yield, and to expand the
marketforitsservices.
31
Drones to help Rajasthan, Gujarat farmers detect crop diseases

33. 7KH%RDUGRI : RUOG%DQN*URXS
ZLOOPHHW7XHVGDLQ: DVKLQJWRQ
'& WRDSSURYHVRPH PLOOLRQ
GROODUVDVJXDUDQWHHIRU*KDQDV
RQHELOOLRQGROODU(XURERQGVHWWR
EHLVVXHGLQWKHFRPLQJZHHNV
7KHIXQGVZLOODFWDVJXDUDQWHH
LQFDVH*KDQDIDFHFKDOOHQJHVLQ
SDLQJWKH(XURERQGRQWLPH
,WZ LOO DOVR HQVXUH WKDWWKH
FRXQWUJHWVDJRRGLQWHUHVWUDWH
RQ WKH(XURERQGLVVXHDV WKH
: RUOG%DQN*URXSZLOOXVHLWV$$$
UDWLQJVWREDFNWKHRQHELOOLRQ
GROODUERQG
7KLVZLOOLQWKHORQJWHUPDOVR
UHGXFHWKHFRVWDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
WKHERQGWKDWZLOOEHLVVXHG,WLV
DOVR H[ SHFWHG WR KHOS * KDQD
DFFHVV ORQJ WHUP UHÀQDQFLQJ
UHVRXUFHV DWP RUH DWWUDFWLYH
UDWHVWKDQZKDWZLOOEHDYDLODEOH
WR * KDQD RQ D VWDQG DORQH
EDVLV
)XUWKHUPRUHLWZLOODOVRKHOS
H[WHQGWKHPDWXULWRI *KDQDV
GHEWDQGORZHUWKHLQWHUHVWFRVW
RIGRPHVWLFGHEWVUHSDPHQWV
: LWKRXWWKLVJXDUDQWHHLWZDV
EHOLHYHGWKDW*KDQDVDFFHVVWR
WKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFDSLWDOPDUNHW
ZLOOUHTXLUHORQJHUWHQRUWHUPV
LQWKHFDSLWDOPDUNHWVDQGWKH
FRXQWUZRXOGKDYHZDLWXQWLO
WKHEHQHÀWVRI WKHVWDELOL]HG
SURJUDPDUHIXOOUHDOL]HG
+ RZ HYHU WKHVH P LJKW QRW
VXSSRUWJRYHUQP HQWV SODQ WR
UDLVH P RUH I XQGV I URP WKH
FDSLWDOPDUNHW
$I WHU WKH ERDUGV DSSURYDO
WRGD WKH OHDG P DQDJHUV RI
* KDQD V ( XURERQG Z LOO
FRPPHQFHPRUHIRUPDOPDUNHW
VRXQGLQJV WKURXJK GLVFXVVLRQV
ZLWKLQYHVWRUVDQGURDGVKRZVLQ
VHOHFWHGÀQDQFLDOFHQWHUVZLWK
SDUWLFLSDWLRQIURP JRYHUQPHQW
DQGWKH: RUOG%DQNWHDP
,WLVEHOLHYHGWKDW
*KDQDVQHWH[WHUQDOGHEW
ÀQDQFLQJ Z LOO UHP DLQ
PDQDJHDEOHVXSSRUWHGE
WKLV P LOOLRQ GROODU
JXDUDQWHH
)URP DQDYHUDJHSDPHQW
RI PLOOLRQGROODUVSHU
HDU LQ WR
* KDQD V DQQXDO GHEW
SDPHQWVDUHSURMHFWHGWR
LQFUHDVH WR P LOOLRQ
GROODUVWKLVHDUWR DQG
HYHQIXUWKHUWR ELOOLRQGROODUV
LQ
7KH : RUOG%DQN%RDUGLVDOVR
H[ SHFWHG WR DSSURYH DQRWKHU
PLOOLRQGROODUVWRVXSSRUW
VRPHSURMHFWVRXWOLQHGLQWKH
EXGJHWV PLOOLRQGROODUVZLOO
EH DGYDQFHG WR VXSSRUWWKH
6DQNRIDJDVSURMHFW
32
World Bank to approve $400 million as guarantee for Ghana's Eurobond

34. 3UHVLGHQW-RKQ'UDPDQL0DKDPD
RQ 0 RQGD VWDWHG WKDWWKH
HVWDEOLVKPHQWRI D*KDQD([SRUW
DQG,PSRUW%DQN(;,0 ZRXOG
PRYHWKHFRXQWUIURP LPSRUW
GHSHQGHQWWR D ODUJH VFDOH
H[SRUWHU
+H VDLGLWZRXOGDOVREULGJHWKH
LPEDODQFHVWKDWKDGRYHUWKH
HDUV EHHQ UHJLVWHUHG LQ WKH
WUDGH DQG LQI UDVWUXFWXUDO
GHYHORSPHQW
3UHVLGHQW0DKDPDZDVUHFHLYLQJ
D UHSRUWRI D 6SHFLDO7DVN)RUFH
WDVNHGWRFDUURXWIHDVLELOLW
VWXGLHVIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI
WKH%DQNIRXUPRQWKVDJR
7KH 7DVN ) RUFH Z KLFK Z DV
LQDXJXUDWHGRQ)HEUXDU ZDV
JLYHQWKUHHPRQWKVWRSUHVHQWLWV
UHSRUWIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI
WKHEDQN
3UHVLGHQW0DKDPD FRPPHQGHG
WKHPIRUGLOLJHQWOFDUULQJRXW
WKH URDG P DS I RU WKH
HVWDEOLVKP HQWRI WKH EDQN
DGGLQJ WK DW LWV
HVWDEOLVKP H
QWZ RXOG WDNH DGYDQWDJH RI
LQWHUQDWLRQDO WUDGLQJ
SDUWQHUVKLSVVXFKDVWKH$IULFDQ
* URZWK DQG 2SSRUWXQLW $FW
Z LWK WKH 8 QLWHG 6WDWHV RI
$PHULFD
7KH 3UHVLGHQWVDLG WKH EDQN
ZKLFK ZRXOG EH LQGHSHQGHQW
ZRXOGKRZHYHUEH VXSHUYLVHG
E WKH0LQLVWURI )LQDQFHDQG
( FRQRP LF 3 ODQQLQJ WR
XQGHUWDNHLWVIXQGLQJSURFHVVHV
WRIXQFWLRQDFFRUGLQJO
+H VDLG*KDQD(;,0 EDQNZRXOG
EHFRPHWKHSULQFLSDOÀQDQFLQJ
LQVWLWXWLRQIRUERWKLPSRUWVDQG
H[SRUWVZKHQZHOOKDUQHVVHG
Mr Steve Williams,
Leader of the Task Force,
commended President
Mahama for giving them
the opportunity to serve
the country in that
capacity.
+HJDYHWKHDVVXUDQFHWKDWWKHLU
UHFRP P HQGDWLRQV Z RXOG EH
XVHIXOIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI
WKHEDQNWRSURSHOWKHH[SRUW
VHFWRU
7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH7DVN)RUFH
ZHUH /LRQHO9DQ /DUH'RVRR
ZKR GLHGEHIRUHWKHFRQFOXVLRQ
RI WKHUHSRUW&KDLUPDQ6WHYH
: LOOLDP V %DQNHU DQG 6LP RQ
'RUQRRR0DQDJLQJ'LUHFWRURI
*KDQD&RPPHUFLDO%DQN
2WKHU LQVWLWXWLRQV UHSUHVHQWHG
RQWKH7DVN)RUFHZHUH%DQNRI
* KDQD 0 LQLVWU RI 7UDGH DQG
,QGXVWU 0 LQLVWU RI ) LQDQFH
$WWRUQH*HQHUDOV'HSDUWPHQW
([LP *XDUDQW&RPSDQ([SRUW
) LQDQFH & RP SDQ DQG
$VVRFLDWLRQRI*KDQD,QGXVWULHV
7KH UHVWDUH([SRUW3URPRWLRQ
$XWKRULW([SRUW'HYHORSPHQW
DQG $JULFXOWXUDO ,QYHVWP HQW
)XQG *KDQD1DWLRQDO&KDPEHU
RI &RPPHUFHDQG,QGXVWUDQG
) HGHUDWLRQ RI * KDQDLDQ
([SRUWHUV
33
Ghana ready to set up Export and Import Bank

35. Will robot feet in near-future me walk upon
England's mountains green? And will there be
drones flying overhead from England's
pleasant pastures seen?This highly popular
robot a aches to a tractor and thins out
le uce fields. It can also spray insec cide and
weed the rows between crops.
A new vision of robots patrolling the meadows
and cornfields of the UK may seem dark and
satanic to some, but according to farmers and
the government it is the future, and will bring
efficiencies and benefits, and an end to some of
themostback-breakingjobsaroundthefarm.
An increasing number of "farmbots" are being
developed that are capable of finicky and
complex tasks that have not been possible with
the large-scale agricultural machinery of the
past.
For instance, a "le uce bot" is capable of
hoeing away ground weeds from around the
base of plants. A "wine bot" trundles through
vineyards pruning vines. Other bots are under
development to remotely check crops for their
growth,moistureandsignsofdisease.
Owen Paterson, the secretary of state for the
environment, food and rural affairs,
enthusias cally embraced the prospect at the
Oxford Farming Conference this week, saying:
"I want our farmers and food producers to have
access to the widest possible range of
technologies,fromnewapplica onsofrobo cs
and sensor technology to new LED
ligh ng in greenhouses
and cancer-
figh ngbroccoli."
The government has set out for the first me
an "agri-tech" strategy, with £160m in public
funding. Of this cash, about £70m will go to
commercializingnewagriculturaltechnologies
– including robots, and £90m will be spent on
se ng up centres for agricultural innova on
that will seek to develop farm technology for
export, with the help of a new unit within UK
Trade and Investment. There will even be a
new "agri-tech business ambassador",
Paterson boasted, charged with driving
forward exports of new technologies.This
machine picks strawberries with alarming
speed and efficiency. Sensors on the robo c
arms can actually tell which berries are ripe
and which aren't based on the shape and size
of the unpicked berry. It even packs them in
boxes!
It is not just on the ground that technology
promises to transform farming. Unmanned air
vehicles, or drones, are also coming into play
on farms. In South America, with its vast
ranches, drones are being used for the
surveillance of widely dispersed herds and
crop monitoring, and in Japan smaller models
areprogrammedtospraypes cideoncrops.In
the US, there are experiments under way to
use drones for surveillance and perhaps even
herding.
In the UK, there is likely to be less scope for
drones – our farms are smaller and easier to
manage on the ground, and the prospect of
filling the sky with a profusion of small aircra
islikelytoraisesafetyconcerns.
Peter Kendall, president of the Na onal
Farmers Union, said technology had been key
to raising farm produc vity, and this would
con nue with more "futuris c" appliances
such as robots. He pointed out that automated
"robo c" milking machines are becoming
increasingly common on large dairy farms.
These can milk many cows at a me,
some mes on a revolving pla orm that li s
the cows to the milking sta on. Some research
suggests this could be be er for the cows and
improve yield. Arable and vegetable farmers
have also made great use of GPS for mapping
their crops, he added, and monitoring yield,
weed incidence and other vital
data, leading to
"real rewards".This big but low cost orange-
picking gadget for ascan clear an orange tree
li le or less than what human labor would cost.
That means picking an orange every two to
three seconds which might sound slow. But
remember:Thisrobotnevergets red.
Kendall said: "The use of unmanned robots is
rather more futuris c but people are working
on it. As well as field opera ons, there is
poten al in fruit harves ng and even livestock
management. It is certainly an exci ng me to
beinvolvedinfarming."
But there is also scep cism over how likely it is
that new robot technology will take off. Emma
Hockridge, head of policy at the Soil
Associa on, said: "The poten al use of robots
on farms has been discussed for years, but we
haven't yet seen anything prac cal close to
reachingthemarket."
While the prospect of replacing seasonal
workers with robots may be a rac ve for farm
bosses looking to consolidate into bigger units,
farm workers may be less keen. Hock ridge said
the government and farmers should
concentrate on the be er use of exis ng
technologies: "In food and farming, which is
now our biggest manufacturing industry, we
think the priority should be crea ng more and
good quality meaningful jobs. Organic farms
provide almost 50% more jobs per hectare and
over30%morejobsthannon-organicfarms."
Even enthusiasts for such technology
acknowledge that the advanced robots now
being drawn up will take years and probably
decades to reach the commercial stage. Prof
Simon Blackmore, head of engineering at
Harper Adams University, told the Oxford
conference on Wednesday that his vision was
for "farming with robots in 2050", by which
mehebelievesthisshouldbeprac cal.
Some may never catch on. Perhaps the oddest
robot yet under development and most
unse ling for anyone a ached to tradi onal
farming prac ces – is the development of a
robot for herding livestock. The bot wheels
around pastures on remote control, drawing
stragglers back to the herd, though without
actuallyhavingtonipattheirheels.Presumably
thedogbotdreamsofelectricsheep.
Robot farmers are the future of agriculture
This highly popular robot attaches to a tractor
and thins out lettuce fields. It can also spray
insecticide and weed the rows between crops.
34