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Test  Your   ID The following series of questions are typically asked of educators  using audience response systems (aka “clickers”) to choose their answers.  Then there is a discussion comparing what the research suggests and  what the educator’s experience has been. * * Instructional Design
Caveats about research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How many things can we hold in short term memory at one time? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The brain can only hold so much information in working memory. Overload
“ Chunking” helps learners manage and store knowledge  7  2 - + Cognitive Load Theory : Objects, Facts, ideas AND Environment
Do experts have better working memories than novices? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Simple model of the mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],From:  Why Students Don’t Like School , Daniel T. Willingham
Chess Experts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Teaching thinking skills is better than teaching facts. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conceptual thinking is built on facts in long term memory. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Which type of interaction is most important for student learning? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multimodal interaction ,[object Object],[object Object],Cognitive presence:  “ The extent to which learners are able to construct and confirm meaning through sustained reflection and discourse”
Redundancy: The same thing only different. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Listing course or unit learning outcomes…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives focus both the teacher and the student ,[object Object],[object Object]
Is this an example of well-written outcomes  for the learner ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives need to be… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Course organization influences student learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why pay attention to course organization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A recorded welcome message from faculty … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personal presence for faculty and students helps learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding a talking avatar to elearning interactions can help students learn. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conversation engages the brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Which presentation method is most likely to support learning? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Graphic with text below it. Text integrated in graphic.  1. 2. Makes  no  difference 3.
Contiguity Principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Which presentation method is most likely to support learning? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Graphic + text + audio Graphic + text  Graphic + audio 1. 2. 3. Makes  No  Difference 4.
Modality and Redundancy Principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Does catering to students’ learning styles help students learn? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cognitive psychology says there is little evidence for learning styles theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So when should you use sound and visuals? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visual evidence is more memorable than text
Visual evidence is more memorable than text 2007 study by the Poytner Institute
When giving feedback on quizzes and tests it is better to ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Feedback principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Extrinsic feedback such as “good job” helps students learn. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Intrinsic feedback supports learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Instructional design techniques work equally well for novices and experts. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Expertise reversal effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
If a learner has six hours to study for a test the learner should … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The spacing effect: the most under utilized effective teaching method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cramming works, but only for the short term
How long does it take to develop a new online course? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time to develop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See the  Learning Design Presentation  for more on course design support

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Test Your Instructional Design IQ

  • 1. Test Your ID The following series of questions are typically asked of educators using audience response systems (aka “clickers”) to choose their answers. Then there is a discussion comparing what the research suggests and what the educator’s experience has been. * * Instructional Design
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. The brain can only hold so much information in working memory. Overload
  • 5. “ Chunking” helps learners manage and store knowledge 7 2 - + Cognitive Load Theory : Objects, Facts, ideas AND Environment
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Visual evidence is more memorable than text
  • 32. Visual evidence is more memorable than text 2007 study by the Poytner Institute
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.

Notas do Editor

  1. Your first design consideration should be that the human brain can only hold so much information in working memory at one time. Too much information leads to overload and can decrease how information is moved to long-term memory.
  2. Research has shown that we can hold 5 to 9 discreet bits of information in working memory at one time. This is expressed by the formula 7 +/-2. This has led to a practice known as chunking, whereby a large volume of information is broken into manageable chunks. If the information is very new to the learner, or the learner does not have a pre-existing mental model in which to integrate it, they will probably have difficulty assimilating more than five new ideas at a time.
  3. Science course through discussion board.
  4. Visuals are information-dense because they can be used to represent ideas, create context and show relationships. In glance, the viewer can learn a great deal.
  5. In 2007 the Poytner Institute studied how people read online. One of their findings was that people who read what they called “non-traditional narratives” performed better on comprehension tests than those who read only text. So the lesson is to, whenever you can, create a meaningful visual representation of your ideas.