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HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SEASONAL
VARIATION IN GROUNDWATER LEVELS OF BANGAR
REGION, DEWAS DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
Mohammad Rizwan
Guest Lecturer cum Research Scholar
School of Studies in Earth Science, Vikram University,
Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Geology of study area
• Seasonal Fluctuation
• (i) Dug well data Analysis
• Movement of Groundwater
• Groundwater Level Contour Map
• Conclusion
• References
INTRODUCTION:
The main river basin in the area is Chambal and Kshipra River and the
main source of surface water is rainfall and effluent seepage from the
groundwater. The river Kshipra is seasonal and water is directly being
lifted by small lift units for irrigation. These reservoirs are artificial
recharge of groundwater in the downstream side. The reservoirs usually
become dry during summer. Rainfall is only source of groundwater in the
area. Infiltration of the rain water depends on the lithological, structural,
geomorphological and metorological conditions of the area. Rainfall
replenishes the groundwater body in the area during monsoon period.
The artificial recharge is a phenomenon, which deals with the augmentation
of the natural movement of surface into groundwater by method of
construction, by spreading of water, or by artificially charging condition.
The hydrogeological characteristics of a particular basin or area involve the
study of the occurrence, movement, potential. The present paper is focused
on the analysis of seasonal variation in groundwater levels in Dewas Area
of Malwa region, Madhya Pradesh.
Study Area:
The study area Bangar constitutes a part of Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh. The
area is confined to latitudes 230 0’ to 230 5’ and longitudes 750 58’ 10’’ to 760 2’
5” (Survey of India toposheet numbers 46 M/16 and 55 A/4), Figure 1. The
climate of the area is moderate the coldest month is December and hottest period is
during May, temperature various from 1 to 450 C with the average of 250 C.
rainfall various from 440.6 to 1208.2 mm with an average of 874.84 mm. The
national highway number-3(Agra-Bombay road) passes at a research area. Bagar
area is located that at a distance of 10 kilometer from Dewas city in the way to
Dewas-Ujjain. Dewas is an important railway station on the Bhopal broad gauge
section of western railway and Bhopal is a capital of Madhya Pradesh.
Location map of Study
Area
Geology of the Study Area:
The study area forms a part of the Deccan traps volcanic province and is located
in Dewas district. The area it is characterized by the origins of different basaltic
lava flows of Deecan volcanic province (Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene
period). Total eight flows in the Dewas district have been recognized Small
patches of alluvium are deposited along Basin of Chambal River and sub-basin
of Kshipra River. During traverse, Bangar area is uncounted with three different
flows of varying thickness.
Geological Successions of the Study Area
AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY
Quaternary to Alluvial Alluvium composed
Recent of fine grained material
i.e. clay, silt block cotton Soil.
Eocene to Deccan Trap Lateritic soil cap,
Cretaceous basaltic lava flows.
………….…………………………unconformity………………………………………………..
The bottom and top R.L.S. of basaltic lava flows and their thickness in meters are as
given below
Characteristics of Basaltic Lava Flow
S. No. Flow No. R.L. in meters above M.S.L. Thickness in
meters
Bottom Top
3. Flow ΙΙΙ 670.00 707.00 37.00
2. Flow ΙΙ 640.00 670.00 30.00
1. Flow Ι 519.00 549.00 30.00
Source: National Hydrology Project, Dewas District.
HYDAROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL
GROUNDWATER VARIATION
Hydrodeological examination involves hydrogeology surface in the study area. It
is also knows as well inventory. The field survey involves the location of
adjusting well in the area and the examination of wells. It involves details such
as location of wells, owner of the well, bench mark, geological information and
measurement of diameter, total depth of well, static water level during post and
pre monsoons session and mode of lifting of water. The seasonal fluctuations of
water level are recorded by selecting the observation wells in the area. On the
basis of measurement of static water level during post and pre - monsoon
session. The reason of water level depletion has also been assigned.
Showing location of examined dug wells in study area.
Details of Well inventory existing and Measurement of water level in dug
wells in Study area in Bangar , Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh
Well No. Location name
of place
Type of well
L/Un
Diameter of
well (m)
Depth of
well
(m)
Bench
Mark
Water level
during
premonsoon
(m) b.g.l.
Reduced
water level
Premonsoon
Water level
during Post
monsoon
(m)
b.g.l.
Reduced
water level
post
monsoon
Water level
Fluctuation
(m)
1 Bangar L 12.8 6.6 531 Dry 531.0 4.3 526.7 4.3
2 Bangar L 7.00 5.10 523 Dry 523.0 2.90 520.1 2.9
3 Bangar L 6.5 19.0 530.5 17.6 512.9 4.00 526.5 13.6
4 Chhatradhar Un 11.0 7.00 526 Dry 526.0 2.50 523.5 2.5
5 Chhatradhar L 4.15 5.90 533 Dry 533.0 2.20 530.8 2.2
6 Singaoda L 6.00 9.00 520 Dry 520.0 3.00 517.0 3
7 Singaoda L 5.30 13.0 521 18.0 503.0 5.00 516.0 13.0
8 Bhimsi Un 5.00 8.40 529 Dry 529.0 3.30 525.7 3.3
9 Khajuria L 3.00 7.0 515 5.5 509.5 2.00 513.0 3.5
10 Newari L 5.00 9.0 517.5 Dry 517.5 3.00 514.5 3
11 Brahmankheri Un 4.20 13.45 522 7.00 515.0 5.45 516.55 2.55
12 Bodani L 6.00 10.65 528 8.7 519.3 5.15 522.85 3.55
13 Bodani L 5.50 8.00 537 Dry 537.0 4.00 533.0 4
14 Naranjipur L 4.45 9.95 529.5 8.6 520.9 4.45 525.05 4.1
15 TigraSancha L 4.00 7.20 530 Dry 530.0 3.10 526.9 3.1
DUG WELL DATA ANALYSIS:
The fifteen wells have been examined in the research area and different
relevant data recorded during the months of October 2011 and May 2012.
The details of well inventory, such as well diameter, depth of well, static
water level, location, name of owner, and purpose are recorded.
Diameter of Well
S. No. Diameter Range(m) Number of Well Percentage (%)
1 4-5 5 33.33%
2 5-6 4 26.66%
3 6-7 3 20%
4 7-8 1 6.66%
5 8-9 - -
6 9-10 - -
7 10-11 - -
8 11-12 1 6.66%
9 12-13 1 6.66%
Total 15 99.97%
A view of diameter of Well of Bangar study area.
Depth of Well:
S.No. Depth of wells (m) Number of wells Percentage (%)
1 5-6 2 13.33%
2 6-7 1 6.66%
3 7-8 3 20%
4 8-9 4 26.66%
5 9-10 1 6.66%
6 10-11 1 6.66%
7 11-12 - -
8 12-13
9 13-14 1 6.66%
10 14-15 - -
11 15-16 - -
12 16-17 - -
13 17-18 - -
14 18-19 1 6.66%
15 19-20 - -
16 20-21 - -
17 21-22 - -
18 22-23 1 6.66%
Total 15 99.95%
Showing the depth of open dug well constructed in study area.
Static Water Level:
The observation of water level in dug well from study area reveals a good
range of variation from 3.00 meter b.g.l. during month of October 2011 in
post- monsoon session and 8 m. in the month of May 2012 in pre –
monsoon session. The highest post -monsoon water level is 4 to 6 m. from
99.98% of the total wells. The lowest water level is in pre- monsoon season
from 18 – 19 meter forming 39.97% of the total wells
MOVEMENT OF GROUNDWATER:
The movement of groundwater has been identified with the help of water
level maps prepared for pre- monsoon and post monsoon session. The
water level contour maps reveal the nature of ground water occurrence and
direction of groundwater flow which is indicated on maps by means of
lines in maps. The line show the direction of ground water flow are
recognized by drawing perpendicular on water level contour of higher
value towards a water level contour of lower value. The slope of
groundwater flow is determined by the difference between the attitudes of
contours of highest and lowest value in the area divided by the normal
distance between two contours.
Groundwater Level Contour Map:
The groundwater contour maps are mainly divided in two parts. First is post
– monsoon groundwater level map and second is a pre – monsoon
groundwater level map. The groundwater contour maps are depending on
water fluctuation and water movement in ground surface.
Post Monsoon Groundwater Level Map:
Draw the post – monsoon groundwater contour map has been prepared of
scale 1: 50,000. This map is no major direction of observed in the direction
of groundwater flow and this map show the different direction of
underground water flow. This map shows the water flow in the
underground surface and direction of groundwater movement and
determined drawing perpendicular lines.
Showing groundwater level map of sturdy area during Post - monsoon.
Pre - Monsoon Groundwater Level Map:
This map show the many areas dry in study area. It has been observed that the
study area during the pre – monsoon session indicates the decrease of water
level in the existing wells as compared to the post – monsoon session .
Showing groundwater level map of sturdy area during Pre - monsoon.
Water level fluctuation:
The fluctuation of groundwater level of the study area around Bangar of the
Dewas district has been calculated on the basis of data collected from the
dug wells during the period of post – monsoon and pre monsoon. The
ground water level is noted in the fluctuation range of the maximum
number of wells reveals of water level within the range of meters . The data
on the basis of post and pre - monsoon water level data recorded from
observation wells.
Groundwater level fluctuation map of study area.
Conclusion:
This paper addresses the problem of hydrogeological examination of
seasonal variation in groundwater levels of Bangar area. The fifteen dug
well have been examined and the data are collected for the delineation of
variation trend. The seasonal fluctuation of water level is recorded by
selecting the observation wells in the area. The ground water fluctuation is
generally depended on the geology, topography, structural, rainfall and
over exploration of groundwater resources. The groundwater level in the
study area is rapidly depleting resulting in to crisis of water supply for
human life and agriculture field. It is suggest that depleting trends of
groundwater level can be checked by implementation of proper scheme in
valuing construction of artificial recharge structure and argumentation of
rainfall phenomena and department of forestations. The form of a water
table may change and vary due to seasonal changes.
References
• Department of Irrigation (1965), National Hydrology Project Peziometer Details, Dewas,
Madhya Pradesh.
• Fetter, C.W. (2001), Applied Hydrogeology, © Merrill Publishing Company.549 P
• Karanth, K.R. (1995), Ground water Assessment Development and Management. Tata
Mc-Graw-Hill publishing company limited New Delhi. 720 P.
• Krishnan M.S. (1982) Geology India and Burma C.B.S. Publishers and distributors New
Delhi, P.536
• Raghunath, H.M. (1982), Ground water. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 456 P.
• Rizwan, M. (2012). Hydrogeological Characterization of Shallow Groundwater system of
Bangar area, Dewas district, Madhya Pradesh. Vikram University Ujjain, Unpublished
M.Phil. Thesis. p. 106.
• Rizwan, M. and Dev, P. (2014), Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of a Watershed in
the Region of Bangar Area, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal
of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-9. P. 16-26.
• Rizwan, M. and Dev, P. (2014), Roll of Rainfall Trend on Hydrogeological Regime of
Bangar Area, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary
Studies, Volume 2 Issue 6. P.186-195.
• Todd D.K. (1959) Ground water hydrology, Johnwiley and sons lnc, New York and
London 336P.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SEASONAL VARIATION

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HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SEASONAL VARIATION

  • 1. HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SEASONAL VARIATION IN GROUNDWATER LEVELS OF BANGAR REGION, DEWAS DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA Mohammad Rizwan Guest Lecturer cum Research Scholar School of Studies in Earth Science, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • 2. CONTENT • Introduction • Geology of study area • Seasonal Fluctuation • (i) Dug well data Analysis • Movement of Groundwater • Groundwater Level Contour Map • Conclusion • References
  • 3. INTRODUCTION: The main river basin in the area is Chambal and Kshipra River and the main source of surface water is rainfall and effluent seepage from the groundwater. The river Kshipra is seasonal and water is directly being lifted by small lift units for irrigation. These reservoirs are artificial recharge of groundwater in the downstream side. The reservoirs usually become dry during summer. Rainfall is only source of groundwater in the area. Infiltration of the rain water depends on the lithological, structural, geomorphological and metorological conditions of the area. Rainfall replenishes the groundwater body in the area during monsoon period.
  • 4. The artificial recharge is a phenomenon, which deals with the augmentation of the natural movement of surface into groundwater by method of construction, by spreading of water, or by artificially charging condition. The hydrogeological characteristics of a particular basin or area involve the study of the occurrence, movement, potential. The present paper is focused on the analysis of seasonal variation in groundwater levels in Dewas Area of Malwa region, Madhya Pradesh.
  • 5. Study Area: The study area Bangar constitutes a part of Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh. The area is confined to latitudes 230 0’ to 230 5’ and longitudes 750 58’ 10’’ to 760 2’ 5” (Survey of India toposheet numbers 46 M/16 and 55 A/4), Figure 1. The climate of the area is moderate the coldest month is December and hottest period is during May, temperature various from 1 to 450 C with the average of 250 C. rainfall various from 440.6 to 1208.2 mm with an average of 874.84 mm. The national highway number-3(Agra-Bombay road) passes at a research area. Bagar area is located that at a distance of 10 kilometer from Dewas city in the way to Dewas-Ujjain. Dewas is an important railway station on the Bhopal broad gauge section of western railway and Bhopal is a capital of Madhya Pradesh.
  • 6. Location map of Study Area
  • 7. Geology of the Study Area: The study area forms a part of the Deccan traps volcanic province and is located in Dewas district. The area it is characterized by the origins of different basaltic lava flows of Deecan volcanic province (Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene period). Total eight flows in the Dewas district have been recognized Small patches of alluvium are deposited along Basin of Chambal River and sub-basin of Kshipra River. During traverse, Bangar area is uncounted with three different flows of varying thickness. Geological Successions of the Study Area AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY Quaternary to Alluvial Alluvium composed Recent of fine grained material i.e. clay, silt block cotton Soil. Eocene to Deccan Trap Lateritic soil cap, Cretaceous basaltic lava flows. ………….…………………………unconformity………………………………………………..
  • 8. The bottom and top R.L.S. of basaltic lava flows and their thickness in meters are as given below Characteristics of Basaltic Lava Flow S. No. Flow No. R.L. in meters above M.S.L. Thickness in meters Bottom Top 3. Flow ΙΙΙ 670.00 707.00 37.00 2. Flow ΙΙ 640.00 670.00 30.00 1. Flow Ι 519.00 549.00 30.00 Source: National Hydrology Project, Dewas District.
  • 9. HYDAROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL GROUNDWATER VARIATION Hydrodeological examination involves hydrogeology surface in the study area. It is also knows as well inventory. The field survey involves the location of adjusting well in the area and the examination of wells. It involves details such as location of wells, owner of the well, bench mark, geological information and measurement of diameter, total depth of well, static water level during post and pre monsoons session and mode of lifting of water. The seasonal fluctuations of water level are recorded by selecting the observation wells in the area. On the basis of measurement of static water level during post and pre - monsoon session. The reason of water level depletion has also been assigned.
  • 10. Showing location of examined dug wells in study area.
  • 11. Details of Well inventory existing and Measurement of water level in dug wells in Study area in Bangar , Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh Well No. Location name of place Type of well L/Un Diameter of well (m) Depth of well (m) Bench Mark Water level during premonsoon (m) b.g.l. Reduced water level Premonsoon Water level during Post monsoon (m) b.g.l. Reduced water level post monsoon Water level Fluctuation (m) 1 Bangar L 12.8 6.6 531 Dry 531.0 4.3 526.7 4.3 2 Bangar L 7.00 5.10 523 Dry 523.0 2.90 520.1 2.9 3 Bangar L 6.5 19.0 530.5 17.6 512.9 4.00 526.5 13.6 4 Chhatradhar Un 11.0 7.00 526 Dry 526.0 2.50 523.5 2.5 5 Chhatradhar L 4.15 5.90 533 Dry 533.0 2.20 530.8 2.2 6 Singaoda L 6.00 9.00 520 Dry 520.0 3.00 517.0 3 7 Singaoda L 5.30 13.0 521 18.0 503.0 5.00 516.0 13.0 8 Bhimsi Un 5.00 8.40 529 Dry 529.0 3.30 525.7 3.3 9 Khajuria L 3.00 7.0 515 5.5 509.5 2.00 513.0 3.5 10 Newari L 5.00 9.0 517.5 Dry 517.5 3.00 514.5 3 11 Brahmankheri Un 4.20 13.45 522 7.00 515.0 5.45 516.55 2.55 12 Bodani L 6.00 10.65 528 8.7 519.3 5.15 522.85 3.55 13 Bodani L 5.50 8.00 537 Dry 537.0 4.00 533.0 4 14 Naranjipur L 4.45 9.95 529.5 8.6 520.9 4.45 525.05 4.1 15 TigraSancha L 4.00 7.20 530 Dry 530.0 3.10 526.9 3.1
  • 12. DUG WELL DATA ANALYSIS: The fifteen wells have been examined in the research area and different relevant data recorded during the months of October 2011 and May 2012. The details of well inventory, such as well diameter, depth of well, static water level, location, name of owner, and purpose are recorded. Diameter of Well S. No. Diameter Range(m) Number of Well Percentage (%) 1 4-5 5 33.33% 2 5-6 4 26.66% 3 6-7 3 20% 4 7-8 1 6.66% 5 8-9 - - 6 9-10 - - 7 10-11 - - 8 11-12 1 6.66% 9 12-13 1 6.66% Total 15 99.97%
  • 13. A view of diameter of Well of Bangar study area.
  • 14. Depth of Well: S.No. Depth of wells (m) Number of wells Percentage (%) 1 5-6 2 13.33% 2 6-7 1 6.66% 3 7-8 3 20% 4 8-9 4 26.66% 5 9-10 1 6.66% 6 10-11 1 6.66% 7 11-12 - - 8 12-13 9 13-14 1 6.66% 10 14-15 - - 11 15-16 - - 12 16-17 - - 13 17-18 - - 14 18-19 1 6.66% 15 19-20 - - 16 20-21 - - 17 21-22 - - 18 22-23 1 6.66% Total 15 99.95%
  • 15. Showing the depth of open dug well constructed in study area.
  • 16. Static Water Level: The observation of water level in dug well from study area reveals a good range of variation from 3.00 meter b.g.l. during month of October 2011 in post- monsoon session and 8 m. in the month of May 2012 in pre – monsoon session. The highest post -monsoon water level is 4 to 6 m. from 99.98% of the total wells. The lowest water level is in pre- monsoon season from 18 – 19 meter forming 39.97% of the total wells
  • 17. MOVEMENT OF GROUNDWATER: The movement of groundwater has been identified with the help of water level maps prepared for pre- monsoon and post monsoon session. The water level contour maps reveal the nature of ground water occurrence and direction of groundwater flow which is indicated on maps by means of lines in maps. The line show the direction of ground water flow are recognized by drawing perpendicular on water level contour of higher value towards a water level contour of lower value. The slope of groundwater flow is determined by the difference between the attitudes of contours of highest and lowest value in the area divided by the normal distance between two contours.
  • 18. Groundwater Level Contour Map: The groundwater contour maps are mainly divided in two parts. First is post – monsoon groundwater level map and second is a pre – monsoon groundwater level map. The groundwater contour maps are depending on water fluctuation and water movement in ground surface. Post Monsoon Groundwater Level Map: Draw the post – monsoon groundwater contour map has been prepared of scale 1: 50,000. This map is no major direction of observed in the direction of groundwater flow and this map show the different direction of underground water flow. This map shows the water flow in the underground surface and direction of groundwater movement and determined drawing perpendicular lines.
  • 19. Showing groundwater level map of sturdy area during Post - monsoon.
  • 20. Pre - Monsoon Groundwater Level Map: This map show the many areas dry in study area. It has been observed that the study area during the pre – monsoon session indicates the decrease of water level in the existing wells as compared to the post – monsoon session .
  • 21. Showing groundwater level map of sturdy area during Pre - monsoon.
  • 22. Water level fluctuation: The fluctuation of groundwater level of the study area around Bangar of the Dewas district has been calculated on the basis of data collected from the dug wells during the period of post – monsoon and pre monsoon. The ground water level is noted in the fluctuation range of the maximum number of wells reveals of water level within the range of meters . The data on the basis of post and pre - monsoon water level data recorded from observation wells.
  • 23. Groundwater level fluctuation map of study area.
  • 24. Conclusion: This paper addresses the problem of hydrogeological examination of seasonal variation in groundwater levels of Bangar area. The fifteen dug well have been examined and the data are collected for the delineation of variation trend. The seasonal fluctuation of water level is recorded by selecting the observation wells in the area. The ground water fluctuation is generally depended on the geology, topography, structural, rainfall and over exploration of groundwater resources. The groundwater level in the study area is rapidly depleting resulting in to crisis of water supply for human life and agriculture field. It is suggest that depleting trends of groundwater level can be checked by implementation of proper scheme in valuing construction of artificial recharge structure and argumentation of rainfall phenomena and department of forestations. The form of a water table may change and vary due to seasonal changes.
  • 25. References • Department of Irrigation (1965), National Hydrology Project Peziometer Details, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. • Fetter, C.W. (2001), Applied Hydrogeology, © Merrill Publishing Company.549 P • Karanth, K.R. (1995), Ground water Assessment Development and Management. Tata Mc-Graw-Hill publishing company limited New Delhi. 720 P. • Krishnan M.S. (1982) Geology India and Burma C.B.S. Publishers and distributors New Delhi, P.536 • Raghunath, H.M. (1982), Ground water. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 456 P. • Rizwan, M. (2012). Hydrogeological Characterization of Shallow Groundwater system of Bangar area, Dewas district, Madhya Pradesh. Vikram University Ujjain, Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis. p. 106. • Rizwan, M. and Dev, P. (2014), Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of a Watershed in the Region of Bangar Area, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-9. P. 16-26. • Rizwan, M. and Dev, P. (2014), Roll of Rainfall Trend on Hydrogeological Regime of Bangar Area, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Volume 2 Issue 6. P.186-195. • Todd D.K. (1959) Ground water hydrology, Johnwiley and sons lnc, New York and London 336P.