Presentation given at EURODIG by Vesna Manojlovic

1. IPv4 and IPv6 -
addressing Internet
infrastructure
Vesna Manojlovic, trainer
EuroDIG, Belgrade, 30-31.5.2011
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2. RIPE / RIPE NCC
RIPE (’89)
Operators community
Develops addressing policies
Industry self-regulation
Working group mailing lists
Meetings/conferences twice a year
RIPE NCC (‘92)
Located in Amsterdam
Not for profit membership organisation
One of five RIRs - distributes IP & ASN
Supports RIPE community
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3. Topics:
• IPv4 Exhaustion:
- IANA is out of IPv4 addresses since February 2011
• Polices for getting last chunks of IPv4
• Getting IPv6
• Transition from IPv4 to IPv6: statistics
- IPv6 RIPEness in SEE region
• World IPv6 Day: 8. June 2011
• “Diving with Sharks”: IPv6 @ RIPE NCC
Regional Meeting in Dubrovnik, 6-9.9.2011
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4. IPv4 addresses in the global pool
40% 38%
36%
34%
32%
30%
30%
26%
22%
20%
17%
13%
10% 9%
5%
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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5. Reaching the next level
• The Internet has around 1.6 billion users
• They consumed 3.5 billion addresses
• Growing in all directions
- More users join up
- More connections become ‘always on’
- More devices become ‘Internet aware’
• IPv4 can no longer sustain this growth
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6. IPv4 exhaustion phases
IPv4 still available.
Final /8 policy RIPE NCC can only
RIPE NCC continues
triggered distribute IPv6
normal operation
now time
IANA pool RIPE NCC RIPE NCC
exhausted reaches pool
final /8 exhausted
Each of
the 5 RIRs
received
a /8
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7. Current policy: “Run Out Fairly”
• Gradually reduced allocation and assignment
periods
• Needs for “Entire Period” of up to...
- 12 months (January 2010)
- 9 months (July 2010)
- 6 months (January 2011)
- 3 months (July 2011)
• 50% has to be used up by half-period
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8. Transfer of IPv4 allocations
• LIRs can transfer IPv4 address blocks:
- To another LIR
- Only when the block is not in use
- Meets minimum allocation size (/21)
• Requests are evaluated by the RIPE NCC
- Justified need
• Registered in the RIPE Database
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9. Business as usual
• As long as there are IPv4 addresses left, the
RIPE NCC will keep on distributing them,
based on justified need
• Same allocation and assignment policies still
apply (RIPE-509)
• Until the final /8 is reached
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10. Final /8 policy
• Each LIR will be able to get one /22 allocation
- 1024 IPv4 addresses
- New and existing members
- As long as supplies will last
• You must meet the criteria for an (additional)
allocation
• Only when you already have IPv6 addresses
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11. Getting IPv6
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12. Where do all the addresses come from?
IETF
IANA
AfriNIC ARIN RIPE NCC APNIC LACNIC
7500 LIRs
End Users
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13. Policy process: decision making
Standards
IETF
IANA
AfriNIC ARIN RIPE NCC APNIC LACNIC
RIPE Community:
Operations
Open to
everyone
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14. Governing principles of addressing policy
• Registration (in RIR whois databases)
- to ensure uniqueness of Internet number resources
- to provide contact information for users of resources
• Aggregation
- introduction of Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
- to provide scalable routing solution for Internet
• Conservation
- prudent stewardship of scarce resources
- policies to ensure fair usage
- number resources are distributed based on need
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15. IPv6 address basics
• IPv6 uses 128 bit addresses
– Hexadecimal notation, numbers between 0 and f
– Separated by colons
– 2001:db8:3042:2:5a55:cafe:fef6:babe
• Every subnet should be a /64
- (2^64 hosts)
- End-site assignment of /48 has 65,536 subnets of /64
- Allocation of /32 has 65,536 assignments of /48s
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16. IPv6 Address Distribution
/3 IANA
/12 RIR
/32 LIR
/48 /56 /48 End User
Allocation PA Assignment PI Assignment
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17. Getting an IPv6 allocation
• To qualify, an organisation must:
- Be an LIR
- Have a plan for making assignments within two years
• Minimum allocation size /32
• Allocation size is based on customer numbers
and growth
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18. What does the first IPv6 allocation cost?
- for all
- pending General Meeting decision
or:
- for approximately 97% of the LIRs
- more points, but not higher category!
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19. Getting IPv6 PI address space
• To qualify, an organisation must:
- Demonstrate it will multihome
- Meet the contractual requirements
for provider independent resources
- Standard yearly fee for independent resources applies
(50 Euro yearly)
• Minimum assignment size /48
• PI space can not be used for sub-assignment
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20. IPv6 statistics
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21. IPv6 Ripeness
• 1* = IPv6 allocation or PI assignment
• More stars:
- visible in RIS
- route6 object
- reverse DNS
• All 4* = IPv6 “ripe”
• Zero stars - no IPv6
• Total number of LIRs per conutry
- in brackets next to country name on X axes
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22. IPv6 RIPEness: 7491 LIRs (24 May 2011)
1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars No IPv6
1 star
No IPv6
2 stars
3 stars
4 stars
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23. 0
20
40
60
80
Slovenia (42 LIRs)
Serbia (68)
1star
Croatia (23)
2star
Bosnia (28)
Macedonia (19)
3star
Montenegro (8)
Romania (35)
4star
Portugal (36 LIRs)
Bulgaria (76)
IPv6 RIPEness – countries (24 May 2011)
0star
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24. 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Slovenia (42 LIRs)
Serbia (68)
1star
Croatia (23)
Bosnia (28)
2star
Macedonia (19)
Montenegro (8)
3star
Romania (35)
Portugal (36 LIRs)
4star
Bulgaria (76)
IPv6 RIPEness – relative (24 May 2011)
All (7491)
0star
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25. IPv6 enabled ASes in global routing
http://v6ASNs.ripe.net
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26. Top-5 IPv6
deployment
challenges
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27. Top-5 IPv6 deployment challenges
1. IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible
2. The equipment is not IPv6 ready
3. There is no customer demand yet
4. There is no IPv6 content yet
5. There is still time to wait and do it later...
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28. Problem: IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible
• Solutions:
• While you can, build dual-stack networks
• Many translation and tunneling mechanisms exist
– NAT64 / NAT-PT
– 6in4, 6to4, Teredo, 6RD, TSP, A+P, 4RD...
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29. Problem: The equipment is not IPv6 ready
• Solutions:
- demand IPv6 feature-parity from your vendors
- Requirements For IPv6 in ICT Equipment: RIPE-501
- list & review of home-routers that support IPv6:
- https://labs.ripe.net/Members/mirjam/ipv6-cpe-surveys/
- “IPv6 Ready” program: http://www.ipv6ready.org/
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30. Problems: no customers / no content
• Solutions:
- customer education
- killer-app?
• Use “World IPv6 Day” for testing!
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31. There is still time to wait and do it later...
• Problems:
- There is no business case
- It costs money to implement changes
• Temporary solutions:
- “We will use more NAT”: CGN, LSN, NAT444...
• Solution: think ahead! Make future-proof decisions!
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32. World IPv6 Day
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33. World IPv6 Day
• 8 June 2011
• Initiated by ISOC
• 0:00 GMT - 23:59 GMT
• Top 500 websites
- Google, Facebook, Yahoo...
- and you?
• Great test opportunity
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34. RIPE NCC and World IPv6 Day
• RIPE NCC Measurements
- Measuring connectivity to World IPv6 Day participants
- Testing connectivity and performance using TTM
- Monitor performance of 6to4 versus native IPv6
- http://ipv6eyechart.ripe.net
• Coordinated events
- Amsterdam
- Moscow
• Live reports on http://www.ripe.net/worldipv6day
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35. Useful IPv6 links
Websites:
• http://IPv6ActNow.org
• http://www.getipv6.info
• http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/v6ops/
• http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-501.html
Mailing lists:
• http://lists.cluenet.de/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-ops
• http://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-wg
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36. Implications of IPv4 /
IPv6 transition for
Internet Governance
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37. IPv4, IPv6 & Internet Governance?
• IPv4 addresses trading?
• Creating a new digital divide?
• Governments and regulators involvement in
encouraging / demanding IPv6 deployment?
• Consumer choice?
• RPKI / SIDR: resource certification & secure
routing
• Please, take part in RIPE Policy Development
Process and IETF standards development!
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38. IPv4/IPv6 in S.E.E. region: 6-9.9. Dubrovnik
• RIPE NCC Regional Meeting:
- http://ripe.net/dubrovnik-2011
• Tutorials & hands-on workshops, presentations...
- IPv4/IPv6 Transition Mechanisms
- IPv6 in Microsoft Environment
- Basic & advanced BGP routing for IPv6
- IPv6 basics
• Hosted by CarNET
• Free of charge!
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