Cognitive Psychology Essay

Cognitive Psychology Essay
A
Cognitive Psychology 1064 Words 5 Pages
Cognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the
roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism
but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution
in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern
psychology.
Introduction
A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognition is referred to as
cognitive psychology. Cognition has aspects involved in mental processes that include perception,
attention, memory, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. Perception is associated...show
more content...
It continues today in the research of cognition. For instance, neurophysiology is reached through
neuroscience and biochemistry for better understanding of cognition.
Cognitive revolution provided information–processing approach as a new way of mind study.
Introduction of digital computers, devices of processing information, inspired many psychologists
who began to view mind in the basis of information processing. The ability of computers to process
information in stages captured the attention of many cognitive psychologists. By understanding that
information in a computer as it is first received by input processor, then storage in memory unit
follows, and lastly processing in arithmetic unit, many cognitive psychologists experimented and
applied this layout. For instance, Goldstein (2007) shows that Cherry, a psychologist, experimented
on attention where he presented two different messages at a go to people and later told them to
repeat the messages. He realized that people pay attention to one message among many. He also
deduced that the amount of information dealt with have limits. In addition, Broadbent, also a
cognitive psychologist, came up with a flow diagram that represented occurrence of events in one's
mind as attention is directed to a single environmental stimulus.
With
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Introduction Cognitive psychology is defined as the internal mental processes, or how human beings
process information. Cognition itself refers to mental actions of acquiring knowledge and
understanding through: "experience, and the sensory input," resulting in a sense of perception and
notion (http://spl.stanford.edu/pdfs/2001%20Emotions%20–%20Emotional%20intelligence.pdf).
Intelligence is an example of cognition, and the ongoing debate on intelligence and how to measure
it intrigued me into further investigation. Moreover, recent research has touched on whether
intelligence is determined exclusively by genes or by the environment of the individual. Most
definitions of intelligence are reflected by Intelligence Quotients tests, or IQ...show more content...
Despite the limitations of IQ tests, researchers have not found a better alternative to measure
intelligence. Supporting evidence on the idea that intelligence is malleable is Howe (1997) that
claims that in order to raise a person's intelligence significantly and permanently both time and
constant effort are required to a large extent. In addition, a lackluster attempt in changing an
individuals IQ, will not produce sudden and lasting changes (Howe, 1997). Furthermore, the
Milwaukee Project and the Head Start initiative in the U.S.A., also shows supporting evidence that
intelligence, in terms of IQ, can change, as pre–school children demonstrated IQ point gains (Heber
et. al. 1968, Gross 2001). In regards to the affect genes and the environment have on intelligence,
studies about adoption, in Romania, also indicate that the environment significantly influences the
plentiful physical and mental catch–up and IQ gains, after living in stimulating and stable conditions
(Rutter & Rutter1992). However, not all–reliable research shows that the environment is an
important factor of intelligence, which might be because of biases among genetics researchers that
do not consider the environment when theorizing about intelligence. For example, research by
Bouchard and McGue in twin

Neuropsychology
Introduction
Neuropsychology is one of the many braches of psychology.
Explanation of Neuropsychology and Relevance to the Field of Psychology Neuropsychology is the
study of brain–behavior relationships (Barkley, 1983). It is the scientific study of the association
between the different structures and physiological processes of the nervous system and the behavior
of organisms (Barkley, 1983). The focus of this particular field in psychology is not just pertaining to
humans as research on infrahumans consistently provides simple scientific information and data
from which research ideas on humans will be drawn/ concluded from (Barkley, 1983). For
example, research that was conducted on rats involved giving amphetamines to the rats with given
closed head injuries yielded the option of exploring the use of stimulant drugs in helping the
recovery of adults and children that have experienced accidental closed head trauma (Barkley,
1983). The field includes the study of developmental changes of the nervous system and it's
behavioral parallels as well as the effects of experimental and also accidental changes of the nervous
system on the behavior of an individual (Barkley, 1983). Essentially, clinicalneuropsychology is the
application of this information and knowledge, as well as knowledge from other fields of
psychology, to the testing and treatment of humans having showed or performed signs of
neurological illnesses or diseases (Barkley, 1983). These

Examples Of Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember and think about
information. A cognitive psychologist might study how people perceive various shapes, why they
remember some facts but forget others, or how they learn language. Consider some examples; why
do marketing executives in large companies spend so much company money on advertisements?
Consider the world brand Apple, they spend so much of money in advertising their iphone. This is
where cognitive processes takes place in customers. So these a potential customer finally becomes
an actual customer. So from where this persuade comes from? It is all inside your head. It's the way
you perceive something. So lets look into these amazing cognitive processing phenomena.
When reconsidering about a party, with all those noises and music playing in the background any
person can concentrate on one particular sound specially when someone is talking to you. Your
brain can ignore other noises and focus on the sound that you just want. But suddenly if someone
calls out your name you would recognize it. This shows how amazing and complex how the brain
works. This is called the 'cocktail party effect'. In cognition psychology all these phenomena will be
explained. Where and when did the study of cognitive psychology begin? Historians...show more
content...
He believed that everyone born with some knowledge. John Locke (1632–1704) was a British
empiricist totally disagreed Rene's ideas. He thought that every individual gains knowledge through
learning and experience. He used a famous term 'tabula rasa' meaning 'blank slate' in Latin to
explain his ideas. So according to Locke study of learning was the key to understand the human mind
. He believed that there are no innate ideas. In the 18th century, German philosopher Immanuel Kant
(1724–1804) said that both rationalism and empiricism work together in the quest for truth. Most
psychologist today accept Kant's

Cognitive neuroscience categorised as one of the many approaches to human cognition, focuses on
the study of both the brain and behaviour in collaboration. Evidence from such approaches can be
used to understand in depth, the mental processes forming cognition. Consequently, this contributes
to our understanding of the mind. Despite vast development in this field, various challenges are
posed as no single method can answer every question raised due to its limitations and therefore must
be combined in order to produce a more reliable understanding. Cognitive psychology was the first to
make progress in the understanding of these areas and accordingly it can be noticed that the tasks
used by cognitive neuroscientists for brain–imaging...show more content...
Brain–imaging techniques used by cognitive neuroscientist's aid research into such field by
analysing the different parts of the brain that become active when a certain task is performed. The
main technique that can be discussed in the role of trying to understand the mind is Functional
magnetic resonance imaging. This technique uses an MRI machine to measure brain activity by
looking at changes in one's blood flow. Stern et al, 1996 carried out research into the parts of the
brain crucial for encoding and storage of information in the long–term memory store. Using fMRI,
participants were monitored while performing a novel picture encoding task. Evidence was provided
to show that the encoding of these pictures depends on how the ventral cortical regions and the
hippocampal region interact. This highlights a link between the two which therefore creates a valid
contribution to our understanding of the mind as it identifies the parts of the brain crucial for
engaging in essential mental processes. On the other hand, although this link can be identified, the
method used by cognitive neuroscientists cannot explain exactly how the hippocampal formation is
crucial in the encoding of information in long–term memory meaning that it cannot be explained as
to why it is needed and what exactly would happen to the encoding process if damage to this
formation was to occur. In terms of the technique itself, low temporal resolution and high expense
can be noted as another

Seven Major Themes Of Cognitive Psychology
Camille A. Claur October 15, 2017
Psychology
Part I – Topic Mastery
1.Briefly summarize each of the antecedents to cognitive psychology; include the paradigms'
founders and main tenets or beliefs in your discussion.
2.Briefly summarize the seven major themes of cognitive psychology.
3.What is dialectic approach to ideas? Explain how thesis, antithesis and synthesis relate to each
other.
4.Cognition is generally adaptive. Use forgetting as a potential example and explain how it is
adaptive.
5.What if cognitive processes did not interact with each other? Provide some examples of how our
(cognitive) lives would be different – what would be the implications?
I.
John Locke (1632–1704) British Empiricism He assaulted the thought of natural thoughts, and
asserted that every one of the thoughts of human originated for a fact. He is persuaded that human
personality can execute two things and that are to get encounters from outside world through
sensation and to ponder them. Sensation and Reflection are considered as the wellspring of
information. His thought for reflection was his endeavor to clarify higher mental procedures, for
example, considering and thinking.
...show more content...
The seven major themes of Cognitive Psychology are.
пѓ Nature vs. Nurture– The nature is what we think of as pre–wiring and is influenced by genetic
inheritance and other biological factors. And the Nurture is generally taken as the influence of
external factors after conception the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual.
пѓ Rationalism vs. Empiricism–The dispute between rationalism and empiricism concerns the
extent to which we are dependent upon sense experience in our effort to gain knowledge.
пѓ Structure vs. Processes– The idea that the way information is encoded affects how well it is
remembered. The deeper the level of processing, the easier the information is to

Cognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the
roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism
but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution
in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern
psychology.
Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognition is
referred to as cognitive psychology. Cognition has aspects involved in mental processes that include
perception, attention, memory, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. Perception is
associated with recognizing, attention with...show more content...
As noted by Benjamin (2007), cognitive psychology is a representation of gradual shift in concept
and methodology borrowing knowledge from other fields such as computers, theory of information,
theory of linguistics, and communication networks among others. It continues today in the research
of cognition. For instance, neurophysiology is reached through neuroscience and biochemistry for
better understanding of cognition.
Cognitive revolution provided information–processing approach as a new way of mind study.
Introduction of digital computers, devices of processing information, inspired many psychologists
who began to view mind in the basis of information processing. The ability of computers to process
information in stages captured the attention of many cognitive psychologists. By understanding that
information in a computer as it is first received by input processor, then storage in memory unit
follows, and lastly processing in arithmetic unit, many cognitive psychologists experimented and
applied this layout. For instance, Goldstein (2007) shows that Cherry, a psychologist, experimented
on attention where he presented two different messages at a go to people and later told them to
repeat the messages. He realized that people pay attention to one message among many. He also
deduced that the amount of information dealt with have

Assignment Of Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive assignment 01
Psychology is the science which studies about the thinking patterns of the human beings as well as
their behaviors. Mainly the frame of psychology has largely developed dividing psychology into
different areas such as bio psychology, cognitive psychology, social learning and humanistic
psychology. Out of these divisions cognitive psychology is the science which studies about the
various cognitive processes which are done in the brain. Cognitive psychology is a new division in
psychology which has yet grown fast enough that the cognitive psychology could explain most of
the human behaviors by using various different cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology mainly
focuses on the way individuals think and how individuals learn and how they are able to remember
what they have taught and recall them at given times. Per an example a...show more content...
Memory is very essential because without memory individuals would not be able to access to the
past and in order to that the present and future thinking will be stopped. Vast amount of information
is processed by memory. Per example images, sound clips and videos.
Psychologists mainly focus on three factors on memory. They are:
1.Encoding– this is the process of how the information is encoded into a language which can be
memorized by the brain. Per example visual – pictures, acoustic– sound, sematic– means. The
researches have proved that the short term memory is mostly acoustic coding. And mostly the long
term memory is sematic coded.
2.Storage– memory storage is the nature of the memory storage. Especially the way how the
information is stored as well as how much capacity an individual's brain can hold. The recalling way
depends on the way how the brain stores the information. The short time memory and the long time
memory are vastly involved with this

History of Cognitive Psychology
Abstract
An analysis of the history of cognitive psychology. Including key ideas, contributors, trends, etc.
History of Cognitive Psychology According to G. Miller of Princeton University, cognitive
psychology is an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes. So, "since the
beginning of experimental psychology in the nineteenth century, there had been interest in the study
of higher mental processes. But something discontinuous happened in the late 1950s, something so
dramatic that it is now referred to as the 'cognitive revolution,' and the view of mental processes that
it spawned is called 'cognitive psychology.' What happened was that American psychologists rejected
behaviorism and adopted a model of mind...show more content...
Through the years of psychology, there have been many scientists and psychologists who have taken
it upon themselves to study cognitive psychology. Such studies have made major contributions to
the world of cognitive psychology.
One contributor towards cognitive psychology was George Armitage Miller. "Miller is an excellent
subject to study, for he literally embodies much of the history of cognitive psychology and cognitive
science. His career spans the cognitive revolution. He began as a good behaviorist but later came
to reject behaviorism, becoming, in one historian's words, 'the single most effective leader of the
cognitive psychology.' In addition to being an innovative thinker in his own right, he also played
the vital role of translator, introducing ideas from other disciplines into psychology. Also, as
cofounder of the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies, he helped to institutionalize the cognitivist
approach to psychology. In short, he did much to give modern psychology its present shape"
"During the 1970's, Miller became one of the leading advocates for the field of cognitive science.
His book, Language and Perception (1976) with Philip Johnson– Laird, helped to set the agenda for
the field" ("Gold Medal Awards", 1991).
Another contributor to the cognitive psychology world would be Albert Bandura. "Bandura's initial
program of research at Stanford focused on the centrality of social modeling in human

Theories Of Cognitive Theory
Learning and Cognitive Theory
Introduction
Cognitive Learning Theory explains various things regarding brain like why the brain is most
incredible network of information processing and interpretation in body as we start to learn things.
The word 'learning' usually mean 'to think using the brain'. This is the basic concept of learning.
This theory is used to explain mental processes.
Learning and Cognitive theories imply that by analyzing mental processes first, different learning
processes can be explained. Effective cognitive processes result to easy learning and ineffective
cognitive processes results learning difficulties that during the lifetime of an individual can be seen
anytime. This theory can be divided into two specific theories.
1. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
2. Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT)
Learning Theory
These theories are basically conceptual frameworks which describe how information absorbed,
...show more content...
Cognitive theorists are interested in development of mind as well as its functions. It is the study of
mental processes that affects behavior.
George Kelly, clinical psychologist and university professor, developed a postulate to explain its
psychological theory which is, a person acts in such a way based on his interpretation of his past
events.
Thoughts play an important part in understanding cognitive theory. Many cognitive theorists believe
that without thought processes, we might have no emotions, no behavior and no feelings and
therefore we would not function. So, we can say that thoughts always come before any feeling and
before any action. By changing thoughts, we can change our mood, improve our relationships,
decrease our anxiety and so on. Thoughts have a huge effect on a person's personality. One can quit
smoking, make new friends, solve problems, enjoy jobs and more.
Jean Piaget's Cognitive Developmental

Cognitive Psychology
Psychology is defined as the study of mind, emotion and behaviour. One major perspective within
psychology is known as cognitive psychology, which is primarily concerned with the explanation of
thought processes through the development of theoretical mental systems. Cognitivism is somewhat
broad in it's approaches to psychology and only linked in it's goal to create hypothetical mental
structures to explain behaviour ("History & Scope Of Psychology").
The exact origins of cognitivism are difficult to pinpoint. Ideas that make up the perspective have
been traced back to ancient Greece;...show more content...
It aims to understand the mental accompaniment of everyday perceptions and actions (Barber,
1988). By devising mental structures of mental functions and the way in which information is
processed, it could then be possible to explain observable behaviour.
The most significant concept of cognitivism is the computer or information processor metaphor. It
underlies the majority of theoretical and empirical research in the field (Frensch, 2001). This
analogy related the mind to a computer with sequences of computational processes. A Mathematical
Theory of Communication was an influential paper written by Claude Shannon (published in 1948)
which first presented the idea that to be communicated; information had to travel via signals through
a sequence of stages and transformations. Such theories gave a substantially more complicated view
of human behaviour, especially in comparison to simpler stimulus–response theories formed in
behaviourism, by adding the important dimension of the mind. This concept gave a mechanical view
of the human mind and behaviour, implying that the brain works similarly to piece of computer
software programmed to perform pre–defined functions.
Cognitivism also introduced the concept of an intervening process between stimuli and responses,

Cognition Essay
Cognition
What is cognition? It is the general term given for mental activities. In cognitive psychology, it is the
study of higher mental processes; memory, attention, language, reasoning etc. in contrast to
behaviourists; cognitive psychologists are more ready to posit mechanisms and processes that are
not directly observable, such as memory stores and switches of attention.
Cognitive research includes several different facets of mental life, such as the use of imagery in
representation, processes of decision making and problem solving and reasoning. A First Course in
Psychology, Nicky Haynes, 3rd edition, Harrap Ltd, London, Page 202.
Cognition is all to do with the memory. The memory is the ability to access information...show more
content...
This involves applying our knowledge of the world around us as well as other cognitive processes.
Perception is a continuous cycle, in which what we expect to see affects what we look for and vice
versa.
вЂћВ« Storage:
Information received is simply held in preparation for some future occasion. As we are storing
this information in our sub conscious, it is referred to as long term memory (LTM). The
information is stored here ready to be recalled later. LTM holds a vast quantity of information and
can be stored for long periods of time. The information kept in our LTM is diverse and wide ranging
and it includes all of our personal memories, general knowledge and our beliefs of the world. It also
holds our plans for the future and it is the depository for all our knowledge on skills and expertise.
Research suggests that we often use semantic categories to help us in our LTM and that visual
imagery provides another method. Psychology at AS Level, Cardwell, Clarke & Meldrum, 2nd
edition, Harper Collins Ltd 2000, London, Page 6.
Researchers have found that LTM had distinctive characteristics. Tulving (1972) made a distinction
between episodic and semantic memory. Episodic being the memory for facts, events and episodes,
whereas semantic being the 'how to' memory – how to catch a train, how to understand the person
talking to

Language and Cognitive Psychology Essay
Language is a cognitive function that most of us take for granted. It starts from early on, some say
at conception, and it develops in complexity as we get older. It is an essential part of communication
and without it its development would be greatly hindered. This natural process requires complex
structures and reasoning, the bringing together of sounds and words to develop concrete ideas and
thoughts. In this paper we will discuss the components of language and how it relates to cognitive
processes.
Language and Lexicon Our basic mean of communication among species and interspecies is thru
language. Language enables us to communicate with each other, our thoughts and feelings, ideas and
concepts, likes, and dislikes, fears, dreams...show more content...
Each culture has its own distinct way of rendering the spoken language. The aspects that make words
and their meaning distinct are as unique as the properties of language that make them arbitrary.
Words are nothing more than sounds. It is up to us to connect them to their actual meaning. This
system follows no specific reason for words and their relation to objects, it is the culture that appoints
meaning – this is why it is arbitrary. However, even though we can say that word meanings are
arbitrary; language is not.
Key features of language include its words and their sub structures such as morphemes, graphemes
and syllables at the writing level as well as reading or speaking, words, their meanings and
contexts in which the words get spoken or read. Language has to be interpreted as a whole, and not
just as the specific word. There must be an explicit pattern or structure. In order for language to be
understood correctly, the meaning of words must be arranged in a given context. This is what
constructs language; even though words are arbitrary themselves, in order to integrate as a language,
they must be used in the appropriate context. This pre–established cultural context is what will
enable effective communication. (Daniel Willingham, 2007, p. 1).
Four Levels of Language Structure and Processing
According to Daniel Willingham Language Processing (2007) language is structured into four

The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology Essay
The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology
Definition of Cognition Cognition is the mental process or faculty of acquiring knowledge by the
use of perception, reasoning or intuition. This is the mental process of knowing, which including
aspects such as; perception, judgment, attention, reasoning, producing language, remembering,
understanding, decision making and solving problems. Cognition is generally defined as the mental
process and activity used in perception, remembering and thinking.
Interdisciplinary Perspective
Cognitive psychology is vital because it's a journey to understanding how people think and behave.
The study of cognition also lends insights beyond psychology. Cognitive psychology is a key...show
more content...
According to the text, cognitive psychology studies various ranges of abilities, such as attention,
working and sensory memory, perception, pattern recognition, concept representation, long–term
memory, knowledge representation, language, decision making and problem solving. This is the
mental process used to learn and develop new skills. In cognitive psychology information is stored
for later use that is presently being taking in. The purpose of taking notes helps the process to
retrieve the information later. For example, by taking notes it helps this process and an individual
start's to commit this information to his or her long–term memory. Psychology and learning are
described by scientific research because they both have the same origins. Both psychology and
learning stem from science and philosophy (Robinson–Riegler,& Robinson–Riegler, 2008).
Emergence of Cognitive Psychology According to the text, intricacy is a developmental consequence
of emergence. Emergence refers to the occurrence of patterns, properties, novel and coherent
structures during the course of self–organization in complicated systems. Emergence is a desirable
benefit for a system to develop to its highest capacity, free to rise to new levels of self–reference,
self–organization and self–iteration (Fitzgerald, 2002). An entire system behavior becomes obvious
between variable interactions within multiple participants; and such behavior could not be

Assignment On Cognitive Psychology
ASSIGNMENT
Cognitive psychology focuses on the way individuals'process information. Cognitive psychology
helps to study the internal process in humans. Cognitive psychology is believed to be a pure science
based on laboratory experiments. It is studied in many ways. Lab experiments, Introspection,
observations are some of these methods. Cognitive psychology is applied in moral development,
memory, forgetting, perception, language acquisition & abnormal behavior. In cognitive psychology
there are some well–known key themes such as;
пѓ Cognitive processes interact with each other & with non–cognitive processes
пѓ Cognition needs to be studied through a variety of scientific methods.
пѓ Basic research in cognitive psychology to lead to a better understanding...show more content...
The sort of mental processes described as 'cognitive' are largely influenced by research which has
successfully used this model in the past. Research in this field also includes cognition named
"metacognition" which is people's cognition about cognitive phenomena and included
"metamemory". Empirical research into cognition is mostly scientific & quantitative. The branch of
psychology that studies brain injury to infer normal cognitive function is "cognitive
neuropsychology". The theoretical school of thought derived from the cognitive approach is often
called 'cognitivism'. An important person in this field is Jean piaget who believed that humans are
unique in comparison to animals because we have the capacity to do "abstract symbolic reasoning".
Dynamic psychology which begins with motives rather than with sensory input is a case in point.
Cognitive psychologists include many cognitive psychology processes such as; Attention,
perception, memory, intelligence, reasoning and problem solving.

Cognitive Psychology Paper
Cognitive psychology is the study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use,
memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking. Attention is the state of focused awareness on a
subset of the available perceptual information. Language is what people say, sign, and write, as well
as the processes they go through to produce these messages. Memory is the mental capacity to
encode, store, and retrieve information. Perception is the process that organize information in the
sensory image and interpret it has been produced by properties of objects or events in the external,
three–dimensional world. Problem solving is thinking that is directed toward solving specific
problems and that moves from an initial state to a goal state by means...show more content...
The briefing notes were read to them in a not so fast manner so that their eyes could adjust to the
light. They also signed the consent forms after the instructions and nature of the experimented were
read to them. This included their right to withdrawal.
After, the congruent word test was presented to them upside down as to not see the words. They
were then told to flip the sheet when they are ready and start to read the words immediately. At the
same time that they flipped the sheet the stopwatch was pressed to start. Once they had finished
reading the congruent words the stopwatch was stopped and the time was recorded. For the
incongruent word test the same procedure was carried out but it was told to the participants that if
they made any mistake they would be called out on it and have to correct it before proceeding.
Time was also recorded.
Afterwards the aim of the experiment was told to the participants debriefing the experiment and their
right to view the results and their right to ask any question they might have. The conductors contact
information was also given

Cognitive psychology . Essay
Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes. The American Psychological Association
defines cognitive psychology as "The study of higher mental processes such as attention, language
use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking."[1] Much of the work derived from
cognitive psychology has been integrated into various other modern disciplines of psychological
study including social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology, developmental
psychology, and educational psychology.
Cognitive psychology is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental
abilities – perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding. The term
"cognition" stems from the Latin word "...show more content...
In the mid–20th century, three main influences arose that would inspire and shape cognitive
psychology as a formal school of thought: * With the development of new warfare technology during
WWII, the need for a greater understanding of human performance came to prominence. Problems
such as how to best train soldiers to use new technology and how to deal with matters of attention
while under duress became areas of need for military personnel. Behaviorism provided little if any
insight into these matters and it was the work of Donald Broadbent, integrating concepts from
human performance research and the recently developed information theory, that forged the way in
this area.[4] * Developments in computer science would lead to parallels being drawn between
human thought and the computational functionality of computers, opening entirely new areas of
psychological thought. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon spent years developing the concept of
artificial intelligence (AI) and later worked with cognitive psychologists regarding the implications
of AI. The effective result was more of a framework conceptualization of mental functions with

Cognitive Behavioral Psychology In Inside Out
Cognitive behavioral psychology pertains to how someone interprets feelings and how he or she
reacts to this interpretation. Cognition indicates how one thinks and this interacts with emotion and
behavior. In other words, an activating event takes place and provokes an assumption which leads to
resulting consequences that are normally negative. In the movie Inside Out, Riley leads a happy life
in Minnesota which is turned upside–down when her family moves to San Francisco. The stress of
the move causes a major disruption in Riley's life and emotions. Using cognitive behavioral
psychology, Riley's thoughts can be analyzed through the ABC technique; this technique begins with
A (activating event), then B (belief), which results in C (consequence). Under Riley's
circumstances, the stress she experiences causes her beliefs to be mostly negative, which therefore
leads to poor consequences. In San Francisco, Riley's dad was very busy with work and the family's
new home and...show more content...
As she was skating down the ice with the puck, she made a mistake and tumbled. She thought that
she was worthless and did not see the point in trying. She then quits the hockey team, something so
important to her, just because of one mistake. This is unhealthy because one needs to fail in order to
succeed; she must work through the errors to come out stronger. In conclusion, Riley's reactions to
her experiences led her to be generally downtrodden with no attempt to raise her attitude. Instead of
taking positive outlooks on the events in her life, Riley had the most pessimistic thought process on
each incident. This pertains to cognitive psychology because of the way Riley interpreted situations
in different ways based on her current emotions in the movie. Although this is all about a character in
a movie, this ABC technique is something one could use when assessing a situation to prevent an
unnecessary

INTRODUCTION
The very concept of cognitive psychology comes from the fact that human beings receive stimuli
from the outside environment. Human beings are influenced by stimuli outside their immediate
environment. These stimuli end up influencing the behaviour an individual will display when faced
with different life events. However, these stimuli go through many processes before it could be
interpreted by the individual. The brain has to receive the information, and give some interpretations
to it. These internal processes are what cognitive psychology is all about. The assignment will focus
on the different approaches to cognitive psychology.
MAJOR APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING COGNITIVE PROCESSES
1.Information Processing Approach
This approach simply assumes that the human being is a processor of information just in a similar
way like the computer. Information processing approach to cognitive psychology sees the mind as an
information processors and that is possible and desirable to study the internal processes that lie
between the environmental stimuli and the response individuals give to it. This approach argues that
information made...show more content...
Human Experimental psychology simply means the act of using many experimental methods to
study human behaviour. With regard to cognitive psychology, psychologists have often made use of
animals to understand how human brains function in terms of getting information, processing it and
storing it for short term or long term purposes. Experimental psychologists could use human or
animal participants to study some topics like sensation and perception, memory, cognition, learning,
motivation, emotion, etc. all these processes are all components of cognitive psychology and in one
way or the other has something to do with human cognition. As a result, to gain more insight into
how they function, a detailed experimentation could sometimes be done into these areas through the
use of different scientific methods of

Cognitive Psychology
Smith (2001) defines psychology as the study of the mind. One major subset within the broad study
of psychology is popularly known as cognitive psychology. According to Aukrust (2011), cognitive
psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the study of mental processes which includes
how people or individuals think, perceive, learn and remember. As a part of the largercognitive
science field, this psychology branch is by means related to other disciplines such as neuroscience,
linguistics and philosophy. Processes included in cognition are judging, thinking, remembering,
knowing and problem solving.
Cognitive psychology began emerging in the 1950's. As highlighted by Kraiger and Salas (1993),
this was partially as a response to behaviorism. Critics noted that behaviorism failed to explain how
some internal development processes impacted behavior. Cognitive psychology focuses on how
individuals acquire process and in the long run store information. Currently, cognitive psychology
concentrates on few key human characteristics which include:
Perception
The foremost human characteristic is the ability to comprehend or perceive. Perception is a vital
feature since it is the process by which an individual interprets his immediate environment as well as
situations, changes, and interactions within it. Aukrust (2011) states that perception involves the
physical sense such as smell, sight, hearing, touch taste, and cognitive processes which are

Cognitive Psychology Essay

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Cognitive Psychology Essay