This presentation shows the philosophy of the CADMOS learning desing tool which has a graphical user interface and exports designs in IMS LD format.It This presentation was made at Iadis2011 conference in Rome.
1. MAKING LEARNING DESIGNS
IN LAYERS: THE CADMOS
APPROACH
Mary Katsamani (marykatsamani@gmail.com)
Symeon Retalis (retal@unipi.gr)
University of Piraeus
Department of Digital Systems
Computer Supported Learning Engineering Laboratory
http://cosy.ds.unipi.gr
2. The presentation in brief …
This presentation is about a model-driven learning design
process, called CADMOS-D(esign) supported by a
graphical LD editor.
Ambition: CADMOS-D should be simple enough to be used
by practitioners
Innovation: This process accords to the principles of
software/web engineering
It is model driven
It advocates the notion of “separation of concerns” in learning
design
Technological support: It is being supported by a graphical
design tool
It tries to produce reusable learning designs (forward & backward
engineering) that conform to the IMS LD specification
3. Learning Design (LD)
LD is a planning and ordering of learning activities that take place in
a unit of learning (Current research in learning design, Rob Kopper)
A “digital lesson plan”
But not simply a narrative description – rather, it can “do” something
A teacher may create a learning design for a simple activity, for a
course lasting one or a few hours, for a course lasting a few weeks
or even months or for a curriculum, meaning a whole year teaching
programme [Britain, 2004; Goodyear, 2005]
A teacher has to specify for the LD:
Learning Activities
Orchestration of these activities (order, conditions, rules)
Learning Objects related to these activities
4. The learning design challenge
Teachers as designers do not have to be
experts in technical skills
Teachers as designers want to use tools that
would guide them and will be error prone
A Learning Design should be shared and re-
used
It must be used a common, formal and “rich”
design language
5. Learning Design Languages vs Visual Learning
Design Tools
Learning design languages and visual learning
design tools have been proposed to aid teachers
during the learning design task
Both languages and tools have advantages and
disadvantages
We have studied LD tools and languages and
drew some conclusions about their
characteristics
These design characteristics had been followed
when creating the CADMOS LD tool
6. Learning Design Languages
A design language:
is a mental tool,
offers a specific notation style for creating a design
without the support of a specialized learning design tool
So….often teachers face problems
We studied 4 popular languages according the following
criteria suggested by Luca Botturi et al. (A Classification
Framework for Educational Modeling Languages in
Instructional Design, 2006)
7. Classifying Learning Design Languages
User Skills: novice, medium, expertise
Stratification: flat or layered. Is there unique representation or are
there several "tools" to describe various objects like in coUML ?
Formalization: between formal or informal. E.g. UML and XML-
based vocabularies are both formal languages.
Elaboration: conceptual, specification or implementation. These
levels are based on the UML model (Fowler, 2003): the conceptual
level allows to gain a global view of a design and its rationale, the
specification includes all the details, and the implementation level
includes sufficient precision to create executive code.
Perspective: singular or multiple. Is there a same view or different
views to describe different entities? E2ML for instance allows to
model both structural and temporal relations between activities.
Notation system: none, textual, visual. If there is a notation system,
it can be either visual or textual.
Botturi, Derntl,Boot & Figl (2006)
8. Learning Design Languages
User Formaliz Stratifica Elaborati Perspecti Notation
skills ation tion on ve
E2ML Novice Semi- Flat Conceptu Multiple Visual
formal al
PCeL Medium Semi- Layered Conceptu Single Visual
formal al
coUML Medium Semi- Layered Conceptu Multiple Visual
formal al
POEML Expertise Formal Layered Implemen Multiple Visual
tation
8
9. Visual Learning Design Tools
Visual learning design tools offer a structured
environment that teachers may use to design
There is a graphical interface that facilitates teachers to
create their lessons
We compared COMPENDIUM, MOT+, LAMS,
OPENGLM and COLLAGE, according to the following
criteria:
10. Visual Learning Design Tools
Exports
Templates/De Edits IMS-LD
User skills Guidance IMS-LD
sign Patterns A,B,C
A,B,C
Complendium medium - + - -
IMS-LD
MOT+ expertise - - -
level A
IMS-LD
Collage medium + + -
level A
IMS-LD
Lams medium - - -
level A
Openglm medium + + + +
10
11. CADMOS-D: A blend…
Separation of
concerns
LD
Tools
LD
Languages
CADMOS-D method & tool
12. Main Idea of CADMOS
Is the Separation of Concerns (SoC), an
Established Concept in
Architecture/Software/Web Engineering
Objectives of SoC
Use of Divide-and-Conquer Approach for addressing
complexity of a problem
Ease of handling these smaller problems in relative
isolation
Ease of solving these relatively isolated simpler
problems
The term separation of concerns was probably coined by Edsger W. Dijkstra in
his 1974 paper "On the role of scientific thought"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns
13. Separation of Concerns in CADMOS
Two design views /models:
Conceptual Model or learning activity design view
Flow Model or learning activity flow design view.
The Learning Activity Design View defines the
learning activities and the resources/services
that correspond to these activities.
The Learning Activity Flow Design View
captures the orchestration of the learning
activities
17. CADMOS-D: Advantages
One can change a resource in the conceptual
model without changing anything else at the flow
model
One can create several flow views keeping the
same learning activities in the conceptual model
The Learning Design can be opened and edited
again
The Learning Design may be exported to IMS-
LD (A/B) xml manifest
An IMS-LD may be imported into the tool
18. CADMOS: Interoperability
CADMOS
Conceptual
CADMOS models Model CADMOS models
IMS LD models IMS LD models
Flow Model
Moodle
Currently, CADMOS-D conforms to IMS LD Level A/B, LD player
19. Case Study 1/2
36 MSc students in the Department of Digital
Systems
25 of them were teachers (20 of them were
high school teachers and 5 of them were
elementary school teachers)
5 of them did not have experience in learning
design and the rest of them had used at least
one Learning Design Tool
20. Case Study 2/2
Was completed in two phases:
Phase 1: presentation of the tool in the laboratory,
the students made in CADMOS a prescribed
learning design 3 hours
Phase 2: the students made in CADMOS a
prescribed learning design that were given from
us and a learning design from their own teaching
practice 1 week
Finally they completed an on-line questionnaire of
25 questions
21. Case Study – Evaluation of CADMOS 1/2
70% claimed that were satisfied from both the
approach and the tool
69% of them stated that were highly satisfied
with the guidance that was provided to them
All of them said that the design approach via the
two models was very helpful
All of them said that the use of CADMOS was
simple and that were able to complete the
learning design easily and quickly
22. Case Study – Evaluation of CADMOS 2/2
All of the participants mentioned that any
teacher, with no specific knowledge in learning
design and with basic computer skills, can apply
it
The 86% of the participants claimed that the
presence of ready-to-use design templates
would have helped them
83% of them stated that they appreciated the
fact that they could reuse existing learning
designs
23. In conclusion CADMOS:
Can be used by practitioners with basic technical
skills
It has a visual notation
It offers guidance to the designer
It is layered it describes different objects (such as
activities, resources, rules)
It is multiple-perspective activities are described
from different views (conceptual/flow model)
It can convert its own learning design, to an IMS-LD
level A/B manifest file
It can import an IMS-LD level A manifest file and
convert it to its own notation system
24. Future plans
CADMOS version 1.6
http://cosy.ds.unipi.gr/cadmos/
To distribute CADMOS tool version 1.7
To enrich the conditions in the flow model
Compatibility with IMS LD Level C
To add in CADMOS tool design patterns as templates
To interoperate with Moodle
Good morning My name is Mary Katsamani, I am from the University of Piraeus in Greece and I will present you our work “Making Learning Designs in layers: The CADMOS approach”.
This presentation is about a learning design approach named CADMOS Design and the graphical editor that supports this method.Our ambition is to make a simple LD editor that will be used by practitioners.The innovation to this method is that it is model driven and uses the notion of separation of concerns from software/web engineering field.It is supported by a tool and it produces reusable learning designs that conform to IMS LD level A/B specification.
Learning Design is a planning and ordering of learning activities that take place in a unit of learning, as Kopper says. It is a digital lesson plan but not simply a narrative description, it can “do” something. A teacher may create a learning design for a simple activity, for a course lasting one or a few hours, for a course lasting a few weeks or even months or for a curriculum. Basically he has to specify the learning activities, the orchestration of these, for example the order, any condition or rules and the learning objects that are related to these activities.
So which is the learning design challenge?Teachers that design a unit of learning do not have to be expert in technical skillsTeachers usually tend to use tools that guide them and are error proneAny ld created should be shared with other designers and re-usedAll the designers must use a common, formal and rich design language
Today exist ld languages and ld tools that aid teachers to design a unit of learning. Both languages and tools have advantages and disadvantages.We chose to study some LD tools and languages in order to outline their characteristics.We had these characteristics in mind when designing our tool.
A ld language is actually a mental tool, that offers a specific notation to create a design, but there is not a ld tool.So teachers face problems.We studied 4 popular languages according to the criteria that Botturi suggested in its paper .
User skills: if a language can be used by a novice, medium or expertise at technologyStratification: if a language is flat or layered - are described different objects?Formalization: does a language has a strict syntax or not?Elaboration: in how much detail are described the objectsPerspective: are there different views of the same entities?Notation system: the language has a visual notation system or not?
Visual ld tools offer a structured environment that teachers may use to design.This graphical interface facilitates teachers to create their lessons.We compared ….according to the following criteria:
The main idea of CADMOS is the separation of concerns, a concept from the field of software/web engineering and architecture.It is a divide and conquer approach of a complex problem. We divide a complex problem into smaller ones and then we solve each of the smaller and easier problems in order to solve the big and difficult one.
Here we can see the notion of soc in architecture. It is a step wise design approach that allows to focus on a specific view as well as reuse design views.
Now in CADMOS we apply soc by having two design views or models:Conceptual Model or learning activity design viewFlow Model or learning activity flow design view. The Learning Activity Design View defines the learning activities and the resources/services that correspond to these activities.The Learning Activity Flow Design View captures the orchestration of the learning activities
So the advantages of this method are:One can change a resource in the conceptual model without changing anything else at the flow modelOne can create several flow views keeping the same learning activities in the conceptual modelThe Learning Design can be opened and edited again The Learning Design may be exported to IMS-LD (A/B) xml manifestAn IMS-LD may be imported into the tool
Here we can see the interoperability of the tool. For the present time CADMOS can export IMS-LD Level A/B, which then can be played from an IMS-LD player like RELOAD. Also it can import an IMS-LD level A manifest file.Our ambition is that in the future any design made by CADMOS could be imported into moodle and automatically be translated into moodle lessons.
We organized a case study in the Department of Digital Systems, with 36 MSc students. 25 of them were teachers (20 of them were high school teachers and 5 of them were elementary school teachers)5 of them did not have experience in learning design and the rest of them had used at least one Learning Design Tool
The case study was completed in two phases:In phase 1 we presented the tool in the laboratory and we gave to the students a prescribed ld to create it with CADMOSIn phase 2 we asked the students to create two designs in CADMOS in the duration of a week: a prescribed learning design and a learning design from their own practiceIn the end of this homework everyone had to complete a on-line questionnaire of 25 questions.
Some of the conclusions that came up from the aforementioned questionnaire were:70% claimed that were satisfied from both the approach and the toolAll of them said that the use of CADMOS was simple and that were able to complete the learning design easily and quickly 69% of them stated that were highly satisfied with the guidance that was provided to themAll of them said that the design approach via the two models was very helpful
All of the participants mentioned that CADMOS is a useful and easy-to-learn approach and that any teacher, with no specific knowledge in learning design and with basic computer skills, can apply itThe 86% of the participants claimed that the presence of ready-to-use design templates would have helped them 83% of them stated that they appreciated the fact that they could reuse existing learning designs
Can use it practitioners with basic technical skills It has a visual notationIt offers guidance to the designerIt is layered it describes different objects (such as activities, resources, rules)It is multiple-perspective activities are described from different views (conceptual/flow model)It can convert its own learning design, to an IMS-LD level A/B manifest fileIt can import an IMS-LD level A manifest file and convert it to its own notation system
CADMOS v.1.6 is distributed freely in this site for anyone who want to download it and test it. In the future in version 1.7 we want to enrich the conditions/rules in the flow modelmake CADMOS compatible with IMS LD level Cadd templates And finally we try to make our tool to interoperate with moodle
Thank you very much for your attention. Any questions please?