primary air polluttants

1. Represented By:-
Himanshi Sharma

2. Primary Air Pollutants
Primary pollutants are any type of pollutant directly into
the environment. They differ from secondary pollutants because
secondary pollutants must form in the atmosphere, whereas
primary pollutants do not. Primary pollutants can be emitted from
many sources including cars, coal-fired power plants, natural gas
power plants, biomass burning, natural forest fires, volcanoes, and
many more.
Introduction

3. five Primary air pollutants
They Contribute about 90 percent of the global air pollution
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
Particulate matter (PM)

4. Some primary air pollutant may react with one another or with other chemicals in
the air to form Secondary air pollutants

5. Nitrogen oxides NOx
Nitrogen oxides or NOx are a family of poisonous, highly
reactive gases that form when fuel is burned at high temperatures
NOx gases are generally brown in colour
NOx emitted by vehicles as well as industrial sources such
as power plants, industrial boilers, cement kilns, and turbines
. Nitrogen oxides have problematic chemical reactions in
the atmospheric with volatile organic compounds. These
reactions produce smog on hot summer days.[2]
The two major nitrogen oxides that occur are NO and NO2

6. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
emissions

7. Carbon monoxide, CO
Carbon monoxide, or CO, is a gas that
forms from the
incomplete combustion of fuels such
as propane, natural gas, gasoline, oil, coal,
or wood
It is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless
gas, so it cannot be detected without a
specialized piece of equipment
Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause
serious health problems

8. Health Effects

9. Emission sources of carbon
monoxide

10. Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a
group of chemicals that can vaporize into
air. VOCs are in thousands of daily use
products, including paint, varnish, wax, and
various cleaning, degreasing, and cosmetic
products.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
are organic molecules -
specifically hydrocarbons - that are
classified as a pollutant as they produce
undesirable effects in the atmosphere.
They react with nitrogen oxides in the air
to form ground level ozone, another
harmful pollutant, and they also contribute
to the formation of secondary particulate
matter.

11. Health Effects
Exposure to VOC vapors can cause a variety of health effects, including eye, nose,
and throat irritation; headaches and loss of coordination; nausea; and damage to the
liver, kidneys, or central nervous system. Some VOCs are suspected or proven
carcinogens

12. Sources Of VOC

13. Sulfur oxides SOx
Sulfur oxides or SOx are a group
of pollutants that contain
both sulfur and oxygen molecules.
sulfur oxides are produced when fuels that
contain sulfur undergo combustion
Natural sources include
volcanoes. Coal burning power plants that
burn high-sulfur coal are some of the main
sources of SOx. Vehicles can also be a
source of sulfur oxides.

14. Effects of Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Environmental effects
When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms sulfuric acid, which is
the main component of acid rain. Acid rain can:
cause deforestation:
acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life
corrode building materials and paints.
Health effects
Sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory system, particularly lung function,
and can irritate the eyes.
Sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract and increases the risk of tract
infections. It causes coughing, mucus secretion and aggravates
conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.

15. Sulfur oxides emissions

16. Particulate matter (PM)
Particulate matter, sometimes
called particle pollution or simply PM, is a
term that refers to a mixture of solid particles
and liquid droplets that can be found in
the air.
They are classified as pollutants and there
are several different sizes of particulate
matter. Some particulate matter, such as
dust, dirt, soot, coal ash, and smoke are
large enough to be seen with the naked eye
Particulate matter can also be extremely
small, therefore, can only be seen with high-
powered microscopes
As well as containing acids, particulate
matter can contain hazardous elements
such
as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, l
ead, manganese, and nickel.

17. Health Effects of PM

19. Health Effect
premature death in people with heart or lung disease
nonfatal heart attacks
irregular heartbeat
aggravated asthma
decreased lung function
increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways,
coughing or difficulty breathing.
Environmental Effects
making lakes and streams acidic
changing the nutrient balance in coastal
waters and large river basins
depleting the nutrients in soil
damaging sensitive forests and farm
crops
affecting the diversity of ecosystems
contributing to acid rain effects.