Lecture notes -For BAMS students

1. ATIVISHA- GUGGULU- HARIDRA DWAYA
FOR BAMS STUDENTS

2. ATIVISHA
 Aconitum heterophyllum
 Ranunculaceae
 Aruna, Ardra, Vallabha, Prati visha , Rakta, Viswa,Shwetha kanda, Shwetha
vacha
GANAS
Charaka – Lekhaneeya, Arshoghna, Tikta skandhas , Sirovirechana
Susrutha- Pippalyadi, Mustadi, Vachadi
Ashtanga sangraha – Lekhaniya, Arshoghna, Pippalyadi, Mustadi, Vachadi
Ashtangahridaya – Pippalyadi, Mustadi, Vachadi

3. Varieties
 Vagbhata - Vishadwaya – Visha, Ativisha
 Sodhala- Sukla, Krishna, Shwetha
 Madanadi Nighantu- Rakta, Shwetha, Krishna, Pita
 Sukla-Aconitum heterphyllum
 Aruna- Aconitum palmatum
 Krishna – Aconitum kashmiricum

4. Morphology
 Roots- Biennial, paired, tuberous, whitish or grey
 Stem – Erect, simple or branched,glabrous below,crispo pubescent in the
upper part.
 Leaves- Heteromorphous,glabrous,lowest on long petioles , blade orbicular
cordate or ovate cordate in outline with a narrow sinus
 Inflorescence- Slender raceme or lax , crispy pubescent leafy panicle , bluish
violet sepals , shortly beaked
 Fruits- Follicles , straight and linear oblong
 Seeds – Blackish brown seeds

5. Morphology

6. Useful part
 Roots
 Substitute for Ativisha is Haritaki ( Yogaratnakara)
 Chemical constituents-Atidine, Tetrahedron,Heterophilline, Heterophyllidine,
Hetidine, Atidine etc

7. Guna karma vijnana

8. Dosage
 Root powder- 1-3 gms/ day ( divided doses)
 Ativisha – “Deepaneeya pachaneeya sangrahika sarvadoshaharaanaam”
( Cha. Su 25)
Yogas
Chathurbhadraavaleha, Dashaangaagadam, Bala chathurbhadra choorna,
Hreeberadi Kashaya
Assignment – Write DK, BK and RK of Ativisha

9. “
”
Guggulu
Commiphora mukul
Burseraceae

10. Synonyms and Ganas
 Koushika, Devadhoopa ,Palamkasha , Pura etc
 Charaka- Sajnasthapana
 Susrutha- Eladi
 Vagbhata- Eladi

11. Varieties and purification
 Susrutha documented that Nava Guggulu is brimhana and vrishya while purana
is apakarshana
Varieties
Bhavaprakasha- Five varieties- Mahishaksha, Mahanila, Padma, Kumuda and
Hiranyaksha
Hiranyaksha is the variety intended for humans and in its abhava, Mahishaksha is
recommended
Nighanturatnakara mentions that kwatha of Guduchi, Triphala and cow’s milk are
used for purification of Guggulu

12. Morphology
 A small tree or shrub with spinescent branches
 Leaves are unifoliate,alternate or crowded at the end of short branches ,
cuneate obovate , rhomboidal or oval , acute , deeply serrate
 Flowers- Small, subsessile , 2-3 together, unisexual, cylindrical calyx,
brownish red star shaped petals with curled back tips
 Fruits – Red drupes , ovate and acuminate , separating into two fleshy valves
, leaving the nut enveloped by yellow pulp
 Nuts ovoid , splitting into two, each one celled

14. A yellowish gum resin (guggulu)
in small ducts located
throughout its bark.
OLEORESIN OF GUGGULU

15. Useful part and constituents
 Oleoresin or gum
 Z- Guggulsterone, E- Guggulsterone
 Gum- Guggullignans 1 and 2, Guggulu
tetrols, mukulol, guggulusterol etc

16. Gunakarma vijnana
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF GUGGULU

17. Guna karmas and dosage
 Rasa – Tikta Kashaya Katu
 Guna- Laghu, rooksha, vishada , sukshma, sara
 Nava guggulu- Snigdha, Pichila
 Veerya- ushna
 Vipaka – Katu
Dosage of oleoresin – 2-4 gms ( Ensure sodhana)
Yogas – Guggulutiktakam Kashaya / ghrita, Guggulu pancha pala
choorna, Triphala Guggulu, Kaishora guggulu etc

18. “
”
HARIDRA & DARUHARIDRA
HARIDRA
Curcuma longa
Zingiberaceae

19. Synonyms and Ganas
 Nisa , Yositpriya , Hattavilasini, Krimighni, Pita, Kanchani,
Varavarnini, Gouri
Ganas
Charaka – Lekhaniya , Kushdhaghna, Kandughna, Krimighna ,
Sirovirechana
Susruta – Haridradi, Mustadi , Shleshma samshamana
Vagbhata – Hardidradi, Mustadi

20. Varieties
Haridradwaya – Haridra and
Daruhardidra (Coscinium
fenestratum)
Bhavaprakasha- Haridra, Daruhardra,
Amragandhi Haridra, Vana haridra

21. Morphology
Curcuma longa is a perennial herb, with a short stem, tufted leaf and the
rhizomes, which are short and thick and from root to leaves about 2 feet
long, deeply veined leaves that project upward from stems that grow from
the base of the plant
Leaves- Long petiole, oblong, narrow at the base
Flowers – Pale green flowers as long as the bracts
Rhizomes -Root-like in structure have a brown surface and bright orange
or yellow interior flesh and after cutting, it is in curved cylindrical or oblong
tubers 2 or 3 inches in length, and an inch in diameter, pointed or tapering
at one end, yellowish externally, with transverse, parallel rings internally
deep orange or reddish brown, marked with shining points,

23. Useful part
 Rhizome
 Chemical constituents – Curcumene,
Curcumenone,curcone, curdione,cineole,
camphene,camphor, borneol , curcumins
 Agryoushadha : “ Haridraa pramehaharaanaam”(
AS Su)

24. Guna karma vijnana
Rasa – Katu, tikta
Guna- Laghu, rooksha
Veerya- ushna
Vipaka - Katu

25. Dosage
 Fresh juice – 10-20ml
 Powder – 1-3 gms
 Yogas- Haridra khanda , Nishamalaki Kashaya ,
Vranasodhana taila , Rajanyadi choorna etc

26. Coscinium fenestratum
 Daruharidra in South India
 Berberis aristate is the source of the drug in
North India
 Family of Coscinium fenestratum –
Menispermaceae.
 Plant is listed as endangered species in India.

27. Synonyms
 Darunisha , Pita daru, Pacampacha, Katankateri
 Extract of Daruharidra is called as Rasanjana
GANAS
Charaka- Arshoghna, Kandughna,Lekhaniya, Lakshadi
Susrutha- Haridradi, Mustadi
Vagbhata – Haridradi, Mustadi

28. Varieties
Daruharidra and Kaliyaka –
Dalhana
Haridra dwaya – Haridra
and Daruharidra

29. Morphology of Coscinium fenestratum
 It is a climbing shrub.
 Young shoots are hairy-tomentose.
 Leaves are oblong deltoid, obscurely peltate, acuminate, glabrous above,
hairy and reticulate beneath.
 Petiole is long.
 Flowers are green, borne in dense globose heads.
 Sepals are 6 in number with a bract, orbicular persistent.
 Petals are 3 in number, large, spreading and elliptic.
 Fruit is a drupe globose, villous and bony endocarp.
 Seed is globose.

31. Berberis aristata

32. Guna karma vijnana
Rasa – Tikta, Katu
Guna – Laghu, rooksha
Veerya- Ushna
Vipaka- Katu

33. Useful part
 Root, stem, extract
 Dosage – Kwatha- 50-100 ml
 Extract – 1-3 gm
 Yogas- Darvi ghrita, Darvyadi kwatha , Darvyadi
taila etc