2. CONTENT
• HISTORY OF CAMELLIA SP.
• TYPES OF CAMELLIA SP.
• TYPES OF BLOOM
• PROPAGATING CAMELLIA SP.
• CAMELLIA sinensis
• METHOD OF PROPAGATION
• CHEMICAL COSTITUENT OF C. sinensis
• MEDICINAL USES OF C. sinensis
3. HISTORY of CAMELLIA SP.
Some Japanese camellias are known to be more than 500
years old.
The camellia arrived in Europe from the Orient during the
17th century
It reached in the western world during the 1800 of England,
France, Belgium and Italy.
The American Camellia Society have put camellias that were
introduced before World War I in the category called
Antique.
Camellias collecting increased in popularity during the
1950s.
4. TYPES OF CAMELLIA
Camellia reticulata
Camellia japonica
Camellia oleifera
Camellia sasanqua
More than 2,300 plant are registered with the
American Camellia Society.
5. Japanese Camellia
6-12 feet (max 25 feet)
4 inches of dark-green leathery leaves
Flower 3 to 5 inches in diameter
white ,pink and red.
The flowers may be single, semi-double, or double.
Heights range from 1 to 12 feet tall.
Leaves are dark green, shiny and 2 inches
long.
Flowers are mostly white and single
2 to 3 inches in diameter. Fragrant.
Dark green leaves
Fragrant
2-inch-wide flowers in fall.
Biggest flowers
10 feet tall and 8 feet wide.
very susceptible to cold.
(Camellia japonica)
(Camellia oleifera)
(Camellia sasanqua)
(Camellia reticulata)
11. Advantages
Easy to produce new plants
May develop a new and superior variety or cultivar
Disadvantages
Seedlings are not like parent plants.
May take several years for seedlings to bloom.
Planting seed
Some camellia species and varieties are prolific seed producers. Seed
are about the size of an acorn. They mature in the fall and may be
immediately planted.
19. Advantages :
• Cleft grafting is the best way to collect a large number of
varieties
• Grafted camellias may produce blooms within two years of
grafting.
Grafting
23. Some camellias are easy to root from cuttings example
C. Sasanqua and C. Japonica.
Advantage :
Quick way to produce lots of plants that are identical to the
parent.
Rooting
Cuttings
24.
25.
26.
27. Tea was formerly named Thea japonenense. Later Linnaeus renamed it Thea sinensis.
In 1959, the generic name was changed to Camellia.
Discovered by Chinese around 2700 BC in South-east Asia.
Nowadays, tea is cultivated in China, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, South American
Countries, High altitude regions of Africa, Middle East, Australia and Russia.
There are 2 main varieties of tea :
The sinensis (the China plant with small leaves C. sinensis and the assamica (the Assam
plant with large leaves C. sinensis var. assamica) varieties.
INTRODUCTION
28. Rank Scientific Name and Common Name
Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta– Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons
Order Theales
Family Theaceae – Tea family
Genus Camellia
Species C. sinensis
Binomial name Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze – Tea
Synonym Theasinensis L.
Theaviridis L.
Common name Black tea & Green tea
29.
30. FACTORS AFFECTING TEA
CULTIVATION
Climate:
• Latitude : 430 north and 270 south.
• The plant performs under 1500 – 4000
mm of rainfall
• The ideal average annual temperature
is between 180C and 200C.
• Sunshine hours of 5 hours per day, on
the average, is required by tea. In
cloudy conditions and heavy and
continuous rainfall, the yield drops.
Soil requirements:
• Quaternary soils, recent alluvial
soils, soils on granite derived
from eruptive rocks or volcanic
ash are suitable for tea growing .
• The tea plant requires acid soils
with pH of between 5.0 – 5.5,
the best.
31. METHODS OF
PROPAGATION
Generative
propagation:
Tea plantations from
seeds result in
heterogeneous
vegetable materials,
which result in great
variations in
production and
quality
Vegetative
Propagation:
Tea plant is widely
propagated by
layering, grafting,
stem cuttings and
root cuttings.
33. METHOD OF COLLECTIONS
Plucking may be carried out manually or
mechanically (tea harvesters)
The young shoots is plucked
The harvests in tea consist of a bud and 2 – 3
leaves
Plucking round depends on climatic conditions.
The average plucking round is 10 days.
34. Disease and Insect pests of Tea
Insect pests:
The leaf insect pest of tea include:
Urticating caterpillars
Aphids
The branch insects pest are:
Termites (Neotermes, Glytotermes, Coptotermes)
Mites (Oligonichus coffeae or red spider)
36. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF TEA
Main constituents - Polyphenol group (catechins and flavonoids).
About 25 to 35% on a dry weight basis.
Flavonoids (Polyphenols).
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial and antiviral
effects. The anti-oxidising effects reduces ( black and green tea) when
taken with milk.
Tea tannins - called catechins.
The most potent therapeutic plant-derived chemicals. Uses : antiseptic
and antioxidant properties &detoxifying the system .
Catechins include gallocatechin, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC),
epicatechingallate (EGC) and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG).
Catechins make up approximately one-quarter of fresh dried green tea
leaves, of which EGCG comprises 60 % .
38. MEDICINAL USES OF TEA
• Anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties of tea reduce
influenza, infections of respiratory tract, and lungs as well as
preventing pulmonary diseases.
• Anti-inflammatory
• Decrease sugar level in diabetes.
• Improve renal blood circulation and are effective in easing the
pains caused by renal diseases.
• Induce enzymes that detoxify carcinogens, thus inhibiting
cancer initiation or carcinogenesis of cancer tumours.
• L-theanine in tea effectively relieve common cold.
• Reduce the risk of congestive heart failure and high blood
pressure.
39. REFERENCES
BOOK SOURCES :
T.E. Wallis, 1985, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 5th edition, CBS Publishers
& Distributors, Indian. Pp.152 – 155.
JOURNAL :
Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedula* and Indra Prakash.(2011). The aroma,
taste, color and bioactive constituents of Tea. Journal of Medicinal Plants
Research. [Online] Vol. 5(11), pp. 2110-2124. Available from
:http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380633907_Chaturved
ula%20and%20Prakash.pdf [Accessed 09/05/2015]
40. WEB SOURCES:
a) Camellia sinensis, online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from
http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/plants/theaceae/camellia_sinensis.htm
b) Camellia sinensis, online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/camellia_sinensis.html
c) Camellia sp. , online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from http://www.todayshomeowner.com/how-to-
grow-camellias/
d) Camellia sp., online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from http://www.bonsai-bci.com/files/Camellia.pdf
e) Camellia sp. , online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from http://www.capegardencentre.co.za/node/231
f) Taxonomy classification of Camellia sinensis ,online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from
http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?Symbol=Casi16
g) Microscopy image of Camellia sinensis, online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from http://www.2k-
manufacturing.com/gallery/index.php
h) Tea and it’s chemical constituents, online, retrieved on 9th May 2015, from http://tea-
beverage.blogspot.com/2009/01/tea-and-its-chemical-constituents.html
