3. INTRODUCTION
A transaction is an exchange of communication (verbal or non verbal)
between two people or within oneself.
4. When two or more persons interact with each other, there results a
social transaction.
Transactional analysis or TA was formulated by Dr. Eric Berne a
canadian born psychiatrist.
TA is a powerful tool to understand ourselfs better.
5. EGO STATES
Berne believed that there were three states of mind in all humans, no
matter how old they were, called ego states.
Transactional analysis uses Freudian psychoanalytic theory as the
background for Identifying three important ego states:
Parent ego
Adult Ego
P
Child ego
A
C
6. Parent ego state
A person reacting from this ego state will either be too
judgemental, critical or patronizing in most situations.
This represents the part of person’s personality which is
authoritative, over protective, controlling, nurturing.
Adult ego state
The adult ego state is about to direct responses to the here and now.
Mature, rational and objective part of one’s personality.
Child ego state
Represents childish, dependent, and immature part of one’s personality.
7. TYPES OF TRANSACTION
Complementary transaction
A complementary transaction occurs when the sender of the message
gets the intended response from the receiver.
For example,
an employee makes a mistake and, wanting some sympathy, apologizes to
the boss. Employee - `I just dropped the thing when I was almost done. Now I have to
do it all over again.‘ Supervisor `It happens to all of us; don't worry about it.' This
complementary transaction is illustrated below
8. Crossed transaction
Crossed transaction occur when the sender of message gets response from
different ego state than expected from receiver.
9. LIFE POSITION
Life Positions are basic beliefs about self and others, which are used to
justify other decisions about ourselves and others and to justify our
behaviour.
There are four life positions:
I’m ok, you are ok
I’m ok, you are not ok
I’m not ok, you are ok
I’m not ok, you are not ok
10. Strokes
In Transactional Analysis compliments and general ways of giving
recognition is called strokes.
Stroking refers to recognition of one’s presence by others.
Strokes may be positive or negative:
Positive
Words of recognition, praise, patting on the back a pleasant smile etc
Negative
Criticism, scolding etc
