Where is Cultural Heritage in INSPIRE?
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Part of the 21st Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA), hosted at the University of Glasgow in September 2015 http://eaaglasgow2015.com/
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Where is Cultural Heritage in INSPIRE?
- 1. http://eaaglasgow2015.com/21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 Peter McKeague (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland) peter.mckeague@rcahms.gov.uk Stefano Campana (McDonald Research Institute, University of Cambridge and the University of Siena) srlc3@cam.ac.uk Roundtable: Where is the cultural heritage in INSPIRE? #heritage_sdi
- 2. I wouldn’t start from here Purpose of the Roundtable The INSPIRE Directive What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure What INSPIRE requires What is in scope Other datasets Data Standards Acessibility and re-use Why we as a community need a thematic SDI Efficiency savings Build not reinvent What we value How others view us Open data Existing trans-national initiatives? http://blueeyedennis-siempre.blogspot.co.uk/2011/ 10/i-wouldnt-start-from-here.html Reused under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 2Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 3. Delivers efficiency INSPIRE sets down the general rules for establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment • Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively • The ability to combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources and share it between many users and applications • Spatial data should be collected at one level of Government and shared between all levels • Spatial data needed for good Governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive re-use • It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose, and to know which conditions apply for its use. Source: David Fry, Inspire Directive: GIS Professional issue 15, April 2007, 18 3Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 4. Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure? Coordinating body Component GI Services Framework GI / Thematic GI Interoperability Standards Resources Research & Development Policies/LegalFramework AccessMechanism SDI is the technology, policies, standards, human resources and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain and preserve spatial data 4
- 5. Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure? … and why it matters GI Enabled Business Applications and Services Coordinating body Component GI Services Framework GI / Thematic GI Interoperability Standards Resources Research & Development Policies/LegalFramework AccessMechanism Social, Economic and Environmental Benefits 5
- 6. The INSPIRE Directive • Requires that existing data held by member states is compliant with INSPIRE standards • It does not require the creation of new datasets but it does state that when new datasets are created they must comply with INSPIRE standards • INSPIRE requires Metadata for the creation and maintenance of searchable catalogues to identify what data is available, who holds it and any access constraints. • INSPIRE requires data publishers to setup network services View Services (WMS) Transformation services (From British National Grid to WGS 84) Data harmonisation – consistent schema Download services (WFS and ATOM feed) • INSPIRE outlines charging for public access to services • Monitoring and reporting on INSPIRE compliance • INSPIRE is about Public Sector data – it does not address data created by the private sector 6Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 7. The INSPIRE Directive Source: http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reports/ImplementingRules/inspireDataspecD2_3v2.0.pdf Annex I 1. Coordinate reference systems 2. Geographical grid systems 3. Geographical names 4. Administrative units 5. Addresses 6. Cadastral parcels 7. Transport networks 8. Hydrography 9. Protected sites - * Annex II 1. Elevation 2. Land cover 3. Ortho-imagery 4. Geology Annex III 1. Statistical units 2. Buildings 3. Soil 4. Land use 5. Human health and safety 6. Utility and governmental services 7. Environmental monitoring facilities - * 8. Production and industrial facilities - * 9. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities - * 10. Population distribution – demography 11. Area management/restriction/regulation zones & reporting units - * 12. Natural risk zones 13. Atmospheric conditions - * 14. Meteorological geographical features - * 15. Oceanographic geographical features 16. Sea regions 17. Bio-geographical regions - * 18. Habitats and biotopes - * 19. Species distribution - * 20. Energy Resources - * 21. Mineral resources - * -* heavy weighting towards the natural environment 7Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 8. INSPIRE Directive One Scotland, One Geography INSPIRE (Scotland) Statutory Instrument Cookbook 1 How to serve a Scottish SDI and INSPIRE compliant WMS Annex I & II Metadata Annex III Metadata, View & Download Newly collected Annex I data conforms to IR Newly collected Annex II & III data conforms to IR All existing Annex II & III data conforms to IR All existing Annex I data conforms to IR INSPIRE: Spatial Data Standards Operational Guide UK Location Download Service IR: Implementation regulations 2004 2007 2009 2010 2013 20122010 2011 Annex I & II View 2015 2017 2020 INSPIRE roadmap Historic Scotland & RCAHMS Metadata and View services Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 8 INSPIRE: Implementation roadmap
- 9. The INSPIRE Directive - Protected Sites Grade A Listed building: Gardner’s warehouse 36 Jamaica Street and 10 Midland Street, Glasgow, Scotland Scheduled monuments Roman fort, fort annexes and temporary camps Newstead, Scottish Borders, Scotland Copyright and database right 2015. All rights reserved, Ordnance Survey licence number 100020548 9Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 10. Annex I Protected Sites and the wider Historic Environment A Protected Site is defined as an “Area designated or managed within a framework of international, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives” [Directive 2007/2/EC]. “..a Protected Site is an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.” [International Union for the Conservation of Nature] The INSPIRE Directive – Protected Sites
- 11. Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 The INSPIRE Directive – much richer cultural heritage Upstanding archaeology Lost heritage Landscape and landuse Built heritage Real world sites Maritime heritage 11
- 12. Excavation Laser scanning 12 Analysis Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 and the techniques that inform our interpretation and decision making The I The INSPIRE Directive and cultural heritage – much more than Sites Cropmark interpretation Remote sensing Field survey
- 13. Project Remote Sensing (Magnetometry, resistivity etc) Extent Processed data Analysis /Interpretation Field Survey Extent Mapping / Interpretation Excavation Extent Trench details (Contexts) Interpretation Activity Levels of information
- 14. The whole is other than the sum of its parts: where is the spatial data infrastructure for cultural heritage? Keep the Revolution Going? - Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference, Siena 1st April 2015. Common terminologies Brandenburg Tor, Berlin, Germany The East Port, Dundee, Scotland http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/1232014/Attribution: James Denham Bootham Bar, York, England 14
- 15. Data specific metadata Spatial Discovery metadata: Describes the nature and content of the dataset Exploration metadata: The information required to ensure the data is appropriate for purpose Exploitation metadata: The information required to access, transfer and apply the data Geophysical survey Airborne Laser Scanning Laser scanning After: Shaw, R., Corns, A. and McAuley J. Archiving Archaeological Spatial Data: Standards and Metadata In the online proceedings of Making History Interactive, CAA 2009, 22-26 March 2009, Wiliamsburg, Virginia, USA 15Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 16. Balmuildy Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Tollpark Fieldwork is undertaken for a specific purpose • Contributes to the management and understanding • Documents a site at risk But lack of spatial co-ordination and standards limits Potential interest in the data and value beyond immediate use which requires Consistent standards Clear message Bantaskin Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 Why does a consistent approach matter? 16 Dullatur Individual excavations and surveys along the Antonine Wall
- 17. Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together 17 Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Data BantaskinTollpark Excavations and surveys along the Antonine Wall Consistent application of standards delivers better value from the data collected
- 18. Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Data To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose Data BantaskinTollpark Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 18 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
- 19. Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Information Project reports / Site records Data To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose Data BantaskinTollpark Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 19 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
- 20. Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Information Project reports / Site records Data To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose Data BantaskinTollpark Knowledge The Evidence Base INSPIRE Metadata View Download services Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 20 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
- 21. Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Information Project reports / Site records Wisdom Data To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose Data BantaskinTollpark Knowledge The Evidence Base INSPIRE Metadata View Download services Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 21 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
- 22. Balmuildy Dullatur Rough Castle Croy Kinneil House Information Project reports / Site records Wisdom Data To contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the heritage we curate. The approach recognises that data has value beyond its immediate purpose Data BantaskinTollpark Knowledge The Evidence Base INSPIRE Metadata View Download services Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 22 With a consistent approach we can fit the pieces together
- 23. Remote access, visibility and what we value: Eco-system services http://www.openness-project.eu/ Managing change in landscapes through decision support tools (Quickscan) Data needs to be understood by the non-specialist user 23Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015
- 24. G8 Open Data Charter 2013 Scottish Government Open Data Strategy 2015 Open Data and digital rights management Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 24 Opportunities Threats http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/feb/11/police-warning-hadrians-wall-nighthawking Data should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive re-use
- 25. The information flow line or why Heritage needs an SDI Creating / Gathering Reporting / Publishing Deposition/ Archiving Discovery Accessibility Re-use Monitoring Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 25 Measurable data makes the case Quantifies the known heritage and proportion protected Number of sites considered in planning applications Quantifies threat and sites lost Number of sites excavated Number of sites published Number, quantity and location of archived material Number of public consultations
- 26. Roundtable: Where is the cultural heritage in INSPIRE? Peter McKeague peter.mckeague@rcahms.gov.uk Stefano Campana srlc3@cam.ac.uk Where is cultural heritage in INSPIRE? 21st meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Glasgow, Scotland 3rd September 2015 26 Topics for discussion INSPIRE addresses the publication of statutory datasets • Are we meeting our obligations? • What about the undesignated heritage? • Or the evidence that informs our interpretation? Application of standards Consistent metadata including technical standards Accessing information • Open access and rights management • Risk of open access • User experiences Monitoring – making the case Possible actions Need to address the issue - STRATEGY What is already happening - DOCUMENT Deliver - IMPLEMENT Which way? What unit of measurement? #heritage_sdi
Notas do Editor
- Through INSPIRE we already have a broad data strategy one that defines best practice INSPIRE defines the rules about the collection of data - That it should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively. - It should be possible to combine data seamlessly from different sources and share it between many users and applications - It should be collected at one level of Government and shared between all levels - Spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use And that it should be easy to discover which spatial data is available to evaluate its fitness for purpose and know which conditions apply for its use. How these rules are applied to the data the cultural heritage sector create and collect remains a systemic challenge for us all.
- INSPIRE defines 34 key themes, in three annexes. However most of the themes are weighted to the natural environment rather than Europe’s cultural heritage Indeed within INSPIRE cultural heritage is only really covered as part of the Protected Sites theme and what is in and out of scope is open to interpretation. Most agencies favouring a narrow definition of legally defined constraints rather than a more generous managed through legal or other effective means.
- We already make information available through Web Portals but we need to make data much more accessible. This is particularly true for spatial information which is, or rather should be covered by the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community – or more simply INSPIRE. INSPIRE provides a clear mandate for public bodies to share environmental data through a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). Data curators are required to provide discovery services, WMS, WFS and Transposition Services for a range of datasets organised into 34 themes in 3 annexes to an agreed roadmap – or timetable. In Scotland, both the Royal Commission and Historic Scotland have published metadata and view services for their key datasets as part of the Protected Places theme. However, the status of undesignated assets is less clear in INSPIRE with the UK Location advice to treat Historic Environment Records as part of the annex III Buildings theme – even though this is an ill fit for much of the data.
- Many of the techniques used, particularly those dependant on technology, require additional metadata elements to be collected. – in particular the Exploration metadata that enables a user years later to assess if the data is fit for purpose. (See Shaw, R., Corns, A. and McAuley J. Archiving Archaeological Spatial Data: Standards and Metadata Online proceedings CAA 2009 : http://www.caa2009.org/articles/shaw_contribution187_c%20(1).pdf )