Bgrv and indian missiles arun vishwakarma, rev 1 c

Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle (BGRV)
and Indian Missile Program

-Arun S Vishwakarma

©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: Arun_S1971@gmail.com

5 Feb 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: Arun_S1971@gmail.com Page:1
Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation

Agenda
• What is BGRV
• Why BGRV
• Indian Context
• Shourya
• Agni missile family
• Summary

05 Feb, 2011 ©Arun S Vishwakarma, Email: Arun_S1971@gmail.com Page:2

What is BGRV?
• Re-entry vehicle
Protects payload from extremes of temperature and
deceleration experienced when spacecraft re-enter
plant’s atmosphere
– Spacecrafts use thick blunt nose RV
• generate separating shockwave to keep away heated gas
• Loses most energy at higher altitude, slow terminal velocity

SRE (PSLV)


Missile RV
Mk-6 RV – Missiles use RV with sharp nose
• High ballistic coefficient (low drag)
• Loses most energy at lower altitude, high terminal velocity
• Experiences much higher temperature and deceleration shock
• Most missiles RVs are Ballistic RV that fall down like stones
purely driven by aero-dynamic forces and material ablation
• RV’s with small blunt nose made of ablative material generate
separating shockwave to keep away heated gas
• Most missiles use “dumb” RV
• Missile accuracy depend on precision of launcher and ability
of passive RV to retain shape and structure
• MIRV bus gives precise velocity to RV


Drawbacks of dumb RV
• Accuracy
– Depends on RV behaving consistently, accurate weather estimate
– Missiles ability to impart correct final velocity at point in space
when RV is detached
• Warhead
– To compensate for accuracy require bigger high yield warhead
• Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Nemesis
– BM Predictable ballistic path in space and through atmosphere
– Ballistic flight means high apogee altitude, radars can detect &
track from great distance, giving vital time space for ABM system
– Ablation leaves plasma ionic trail with large radar cross
section/signature
– Thermal signature


What is MBRV?
• Maneuvering Ballistic RV (MBRV) is
different from Ballistic Glide Re-
entry Vehicle (BGRV)
• Accuracy Augmentation
– Pitch and Cross range correction
– Accurate to few meters
– Radar scene correlation
• ABM
– Upto 100 G maneuver

Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1


What is BGRV?
• Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle


Agni’s Mk-II MARV/BGRV

Indian composite BGRV Missile (K-15)


BGRV

Shourya/Sagarika (K15): Hypersonic BGRV Missile

BGRV
• Aerodynamics
– Long, high aspect ratio body
– Slight angle of attack to generate lift.
– Control surfaces: fins | paddles | small gas thrusters
• Flight
– On board flight control and navigation: Hi Accuracy
– ~ 25 G maneuvering
– Porpoise maneuver in pitch axis
– “S” shape maneuver in azimuth plane
– Rolling to spread heat and reduce thermal shielding


BGRV
• Stealth and ABM resistant
– Non-predictive flight trajectory
– ~ 25 G maneuvering
– Rolling spreads heat
• Reduce thermal signature
• Reduced plasma RF RCS signature
– Glides below Long Range Radar horizon
– Flies below space based sensor’s altitude threshold
– Small, light warhead


Why BGRV?
• Accuracy
– Small, light warhead (Low / medium yield) against hardened or
counter value targets
• Evade ABM defenses
– Reduced arsenal footprint, cost and security
• Increase cost of ABM
– Differential deterrence
– Threatening to low tech adversaries (E.g TSP)
– Stabilized deterrence to N3 (China, Russia, USA)
• NATO study from literature
– Urban target (Pg 180)
Reference:
• Wings of Fire : APJ Kalam
• Weapons Of peace: Raj Changappa
• Lightening Bolt: William Yeangst


BGRV : Indian context
• Low yield warhead
• Accuracy for 90% target destruction
• Assures destruction of counter value targets
• Cross range targeting of missile silos on far side
of mountain slope
• ABM hardened
• Small missile force does job of large qty
• Multi-application platform
– Shourya/ Sagarika
– Agni-II, II+
– Agni-III, V, MIRV

Shourya
• BGRV
• Booster lifts BGRV to 5 Km
• Main stage imparts kinetic energy for cruise
at 40 km altitude
– Evade space sensor and ground radar
• Main stage stays attached to BGRV
– Small Radar RCS
• Fins for hypersonic cruise flight


Shourya flight types


Shourya flight types
Shourya/Sagarika : Hypersonic BGRV Missile


05 Feb, 2011 Bharat Pratham and India Research Foundation Page:15

MBRV
• Maneuvering Ballistic RV:

– Pitch

– CrossRange


BGRV foot print


What is BGRV?
• “S” Curve on Azimuth plane



BGRV Re-entry



US MRV

MRV Mk4A


Pershing-II MARV



Agni MRV/BGRV


Agni missile series
• RV Mk1, Mk-II finned and no-fin


Chinese / Paki - M11
• Ballistic Glide Re-entry Vehicle



Russian Topol-M
• Porpoise (skipping) trajectory



Development timeline


Performance

ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst

Indian precursor of BGRV


Reference
• DRDO, Technical Publications
• Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst
ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
• Indian Defense Review, Lancer Publication
• Wikipedia


Reading Material

ISBN # 978-1-61566-547-1
Lightning Bolts, First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles by William Yengst

Reading Material



Bgrv and indian missiles arun vishwakarma, rev 1 c

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Bgrv and indian missiles arun vishwakarma, rev 1 c