7. Current Practices in India Waste generation: households, business, industry etc. Final Disposal Direct route (as in high income countries and some villages etc.) Individual conveyance of ‘Primary Collection’ by waste collectors Secondary collection Recyclable waste bought by itinerant waste buyers and recyclers Transfer Point Sorting by waste pickers Sorting by waste pickers Recycling
16. Life cycle Perspective Reduction Production Natural Resources Recycled Resources Material Recycling Reduction Direct consumption Consumption (Products & Services) Discarding Proper reatment & recovery Sustainable consumption Directly Recyled resources Treatment Final Disposal Reuse Proper disposal
17. Residential Hazardous Waste for Treatment & Disposal Resources Collection of Waste Segregation of Waste Recycling Waste (organic & inorganic) Waste Exchange Discarded Waste Final Disposal Treatment Recovery Final Waste Services (Healthcare, Laboratory, etc.) Industrial & Commercial Generation Source Perspective 3R 3R 3R Methane & Heat Energy Plastics, wood, steel, paper, glass and compost/biogas Sanitary Landfill, Incineration
18. Stakeholders/Management Effective regulations & financial mechanisms for generators, service providers & businesses Technological innovations Efficiency & efficacy Waste disposal regulations 3R SWM Service Providers (Collection, segregation, transportation of recycling and non-recycling waste, treatment (sanitary landfill, incineration) and disposal) Government (Local and national government departments) Waste Generators (Residents, industries & services) Collection transportation & segregation Treatment & final disposal Waste Generation Businesses (To generate compost, energy and recycling materials/products) Technological innovations & development Recycling, composting and energy
22. Govt. bodies Equity Investors Lenders SWM Special Purpose Vehicle Private Operator NGOs Organizational Structure Equity Share Capital Concession + Land Lease Agreements Equity Share Capital Collection & Transfer Agreement 2. OMDA for landfills Term Debt Equity Share Capital Partner for awareness Collection in slums
52. MIS - GPS for solid waste management Solid Waste Management (SWM) MIS GPS City level data Zone level data Truck routes City level data Quantum of waste Wet, Dry City level route Zone level data Quantum of waste Wet, Dry Start collection point Middle collection point End collection point Generation of reports Daily, Weekly, Monthly Quantum of waste
outsourcing the disposal of waste to private contractors who would mechanise much ofthe operations
Using the principle of Extended Producers’, Sellers’ and Users’ Responsibility, BMC and state government should fix obligations on manufacturers and traders of various categories of waste-generating products – such as automobiles, soft-drinks, fast foods & refreshments, packaging, etc. The government may also consider levying a suitable surcharge in the form of a ‘Green Tax’ or ‘Recycling Tax’ on these products, the accruals from which should go exclusively to a ‘Cleanliness Fund’. Additionally, manufacturers should be mandated to introduce pro-active schemes such as ‘Buyback’ of bags/ pouches/ PET bottles/ bread wrappers, etc.
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should be mandated to become zero-garbage through compulsory bio-degradation of wet waste and disposal of dry waste to recycling businesses -- possibly with a tipping fee to push for minimization of their garbage going to landfills.
Garbage disposal in slum areas presents a formidable challenge. the poor are being compelled to packing their garbage in used polybags and throwing it in nullahs and open drains. Greater institutional coordination between the BMC and various state and central government agencies that impact the life of Mumbai is indeed the need of the hour. The most workable approach seems to be house-to-house or cluster-wise collection, at specified timings, by ghanta gaadis and the seamless transportation of waste in municipal vehicles. Waste-pickers should be integrated into this operation, as has been successfully done in Pune. BMC should provide sheds and depots for sorting and processing of dry waste, so that waste-pickers can realize better value for the recyclable material.
