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Background Basics: Units of measure Hydrophobic/philic molecules Proteins Compound molecules pH DNA and RNA CELL ANATOMY www.freelivedoctor.com
Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Compartments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Biological Membranes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Cell differentiation ,[object Object],From 1 zygote to 200 different types of cells
Special Structural Features of Cell Membranes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Function?
Cytoplasm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Membranous  organelles Non-membranous  organelles
Cytoskeleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Centrosomes and Centrioles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cilia and Flagella
[object Object],[object Object]
Membranous Organelles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mitochondrion  =  powerhouse of cell.  Energy (ATP) production Has own DNA, self-replicating
RER & SER RER:  Protein synthesis,  strage, modification & transport vesicles SER:  Synthesis and conversion of FA, steroids, lipids In muscle:  Ca 2+  storage
Golgi Apparatus ,[object Object],[object Object],“ Post office”  of cell
Protein  Secretion
Lysosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Also used to dissolve Ca-carbonate of bone and for self destruction of damaged cells Disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Tay-Sachs disease
Tay Sachs disease
Peroxi- somes ,[object Object],[object Object],Smaller than Lysosomes  -  Different set of enzymes
Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cell to Cell Junctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gap Junctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tight junctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tight vs. leaky epithelium
Movement of substances across tight and leaky epithelia
Anchoring Junctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Histology ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Four Tissue Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stem Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tissue Remodeling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Running Problem:   The Pap Smear
Cervical cells. Uniform in size and shape    normal

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Amino Acids And Peptides

Notas do Editor

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 7 Cell shape Positioning of organelles Intracellular “railroad track” Link to EC and other cells Movement
  4. 10
  5. 8
  6. 5 Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance called ganglioside GM2 accumulate in the nerve cells in the brain. Infants with Tay-Sachs disease appear to develop normally for the first few months of life. Then, as nerve cells become distended with fatty material, a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities occurs. The child becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow. Muscles begin to atrophy and paralysis sets in. A much rarer form of the disorder which occurs in patients in their twenties and early thirties is characterized by unsteadiness of gait and progressive neurological deterioration. Patients with Tay-Sachs have a "cherry-red" spot in the back of their eyes. The condition is caused by insufficient activity of an enzyme called hexosaminidase A that catalyzes the biodegradation of acidic fatty materials known as gangliosides. Gangliosides are made and biodegraded rapidly in early life as the brain develops. Patients and carriers of Tay-Sachs disease can be identified by a simple blood test that measures hexosaminidase A activity. Both parents must be carriers in order to have an affected child. When both parents are found to carry a genetic mutation in hexosaminidase A, there is a 25 percent chance with each pregnancy that the child will be affected with Tay-Sachs disease. Prenatal monitoring of pregnancies is available if desired.
  7. The Luxol fast blue stain highlights the large swollen neurons in Tay-Sachs disease.
  8. 6 Peroxisomes seem to be to be self-replicating. They don’t come off the Golgi apparatus as secretory vesicles as originally thought.
  9. 11 12
  10. CAM = cell adhesion molecule Cadherins are Calcium dependant cell adhesion molecules. They play an important role in embryonic morphogenesis and the formation of solid tissues.
  11. 16 19