5 Opportunistic

Opportunistic Mycoses ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Medical Mycology Iceberg www.freelivedoctor.com

PATHOGENIC FUNGI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

HOST-PATHOGEN EQUILIBRIUM ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Opportunistic Fungi ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Opportunistic Fungi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

MOST SERIOUS OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Upward Trend In Opportunistic Mycoses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Must distinguish between ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Transient fungemia ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COLONIZATION EYE SKIN UROGENITAL TRACT ANUS MOUTH RESPIRATORY TRACT Multiplication of an organism at a given site without harm to the host www.freelivedoctor.com

INFECTION EYE SKIN UROGENITAL TRACT ANUS MOUTH RESPIRATORY TRACT Invasion and multiplication of organisms in body tissue resulting in local cellular injury . www.freelivedoctor.com

Predisposing Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Predisposing Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Predisposing Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Predisposing Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Predisposing Factors ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV destroys the CD4 helper T cells www.freelivedoctor.com

CD4 helper T cells are the basis of cell mediated immunity and play a role in host defenses against fungal diseases ERGO www.freelivedoctor.com

[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

BIOFILMS ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Diagnosis of opportunistic infections requires a high index of suspicion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

CLINICAL PRESENTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

NORMAL PATIENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COMPROMISED PATIENTS ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEM Malasezzia furfur NUMBER OF ORGANISMS x LOW VIRULENCE = DISEASE HOST RESISTANCE www.freelivedoctor.com

Candida species Endogenous www.freelivedoctor.com

Normal Flora ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

COMPETENT IMMUNE SYSTEM Candida albicans NUMBER OF ORGANISMS x VIRULENCE = NO DISEASE HOST RESISTANCE www.freelivedoctor.com

COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEM Candida albicans NUMBER OF ORGANISMS = DISEASE HOST RESISTANCE www.freelivedoctor.com

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS CAN DEVELOP HEPATIC CANDIDIASIS www.freelivedoctor.com

Candida species ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Candida species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcosis ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Ecological Niche Cryptococcus neoformans ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcus neoformans PORTAL OF ENTRY ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcus neoformans LOW NUMBER X HIGH VIRULENCE = NO DISEASE NORMAL HOST www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcus neoformans LOW NUMBER X HIGH VIRULENCE = INFECTION COMPROMISED HOST www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

SPOROTRICHOSIS Primarily a disease of the cutaneous tissue and lymph nodes. Recently, pulmonary disease. www.freelivedoctor.com

PORTALS OF ENTRY ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

SPOROTRICHOSIS www.freelivedoctor.com

Blastomycosis in AIDS patients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Aspergillus species HIGH NUMBER X LOW VIRULENCE = NO DISEASE NORMAL HOST www.freelivedoctor.com

Aspergillus species LOW NUMBER X LOW VIRULENCE = INFECTION COMPROMISED HOST www.freelivedoctor.com

AIDS Patient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Spherules www.freelivedoctor.com

HISTOPLASMOSIS IN AIDS PATIENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

AIDS Patients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

INFLAMMATORY REACTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Penicillium marneffei ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Pneumocystis jiroveci Recently confirmed as a member of Kingdom Fungi. Formerly thought to be a protozoan. www.freelivedoctor.com

Cryptococcus neoformans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Candida albicans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Mucormycetes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Aspergillus species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

IMPROVING TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

IMPROVING TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

IMPROVING TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

IMPROVING TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

IMPROVING TREATMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

Immunotherapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

5 Opportunistic

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