3. Micro turbine is one of the important components in a
micro gas turbine engine
Micro gas turbine engine consists of a radial inflow
turbine, a centrifugal compressor and a combustor.
Used Fule- Natural gas, hydrogen, propane, diesel
It has an energy density 10 times than existing batteries.
It can be used in power generation applications like space
vehicles, electronic devices etc…
4. A gas turbine is a rotating engine.
Gas-turbine is used in aircraft propulsion and electric
power generation.
High thermal efficiencies up to 44%.
Suitable for combined cycles (with steam power plant)
High power to weight ratio, high reliability, long life
Fast start up time, about 2 min, compared to 4 hr for
steam-propulsion systems
High back work ratio (ratio of compressor work to the
turbine work), up to 50%, Compared to few percent in
steam power plants.
5. Types of Gas Turbine:- There are different types of gas
turbines. Some of them are named below:
a) Aero derivatives and jet engines
b) Amateur gas turbines
c) Industrial gas turbines for electrical generation
d) Radial gas turbines
e) Scale jet engines
f) Micro turbines
7. •We already know that
• Thus, the efficiency is
Since heat injection and rejection occur at constant pressure then,
• Hence, the efficiency is
1 2W Q Q
1 2 2
1 1 1
1
Q Q QW
Q Q Q
2 1 4( )pQ c T T
1 3 2( )pQ c T T
4
1
4 1 12
1 3 2 3
2
2
1
( )
1 1 1
( )
1
p
p
T
T
c T T TQ
Q c T T T
T
T
8. • Between 1 and 2, and between 3 and 4, the process is adiabatic (no heat exchange)
and reversible (S is constant). Hence, the temperature changes due to work related
with a pressure change acting on a varying volume.
• In a reversible adiabatic process:
and
where
• Hence,
• Therefore
1
constantP T
p
v
c
c
1 1 2 2 3 2 4 1PV PV PV PV
4 2 1
3 1 2
P V P
P V P
. constantPV
9. •From the previous slide:
•Also, from the previous slide
• Thus,
4 1
3 2
P P
P P
1
constantP T
4 1
3 2
T T
T T
10. •Since the efficiency is (see a couple of slides ago)
• Then the simplified expression for the efficiency is
• Usually, the efficiency is expressed in terms of the temperature ratio
(TR) or the pressure ratio (PR)
where and
4
1
4 1 12
1 3 2 3
2
2
1
( )
1 1 1
( )
1
p
p
T
T
c T T TQ
Q c T T T
T
T
1
2
1
T
T
( 1)/
1 1
1 1
( ) ( )TR PR
2 2
1 1
( ) ( )
T P
TR PR
T P
11. Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to
reciprocating engines.
Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same
power rating.
Moves in one direction only, with far less vibration than a
reciprocating engine.
Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines.
Low operating pressures.
High operation speeds.
Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.
12. Micro turbines are small combustion turbines with outputs
of 25 kW to 500 kW.
Moderate cost and efficiency
High-frequency output is rectified (and inverted again in
ac micro grids). Generator output frequency is in the order
of a few kHz (e.g. 1600 Hz for Capstone’s 30 kW micro
turbine).
Power shaft rotates at high speeds, usually on the order of
50 000 to 120 000 rpm
Very reliable technology (Essentially micro turbines are
aircraft’s APU’s). Critical parts: bearings and generator.
Generator technologies: Synchronous and permanent
magnet
16. Distributed generation
Quality power and reliability
Stand-by power
Peak shaving
Boost power
Low-cost energy
Combined heat and power (cogeneration)
17. Small number of moving parts,
Compact size
Good efficiencies in cogeneration
Lightweight
Low emissions
Can utilize waste fuels
Long maintenance intervals
No vibrations
Less noise than reciprocating engines
19. Peak shaving and base load power (grid parallel)
Combined heat and power (co-generation)
Distributed power generation
Stand-alone power
Backup/standby power
Primary power with grid as backup
Micro grid
Resource recovery
Transportation applications
20. Micro turbine can use low grade of fuel very effectively like waste
gases, sour gases etc.
Thus micro turbine gives chance of low fuel cost and less emission.
The dimensions of micro turbine comparatively small by which it
can be installed at field where power is consumed.
Micro turbine is also effective in CHP operation.
In India the micro turbine is quite useful.
The power shortage effect can be solved using micro turbine, using
fuels like biogas, etc.
India the technology is still underdevelopment so the present
seminar is an honest attempt to introduce micro turbine technology
in India for solving the problem of power generation in future.