intravenous infusion therapy

1. Intravenous Infusion Therapy
Rahand Saman Tahir

2.  Giving fluids intravenously to a patient not able to
take it otherwise.
What is Intravenous Infusion
Therapy?

3.  Unconscious Patient ( e.g.: post operation ,accidents , etc..)
 To keep the vein open
 Electrolytes balance.
 To provide patient with fluid when required fluid intake can’t
be given orally
 To provides medication & chemotherapeutic agents
 Blood transfusion
 Nutrient and nutritional supplement
PURPOSES OF INTRAVENOUS
INFUSION

4.  Isotonic solutions
 Hypotonic solutions
 Hypertonic solutions
Types of Solutions used

5. Fluids with approximately close osmotic pressure to
blood cells.
Examples :
 0.9% Saline
 5% Dextrose in 0.225% saline (D5W1/4NS)
 Lactated Ringer’s
Isotonic solutions

6. Fluids which have less Osmotic pressure than
blood cells.
Examples :
 0.45% Saline (1/2 NS)
 0.225% Saline (1/4 NS)
 0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
Hypotonic solutions

7.  Fluids which have greater osmotic pressure than
blood cells.
Examples :
 3% Saline
 5% Saline
 10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)
 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
 5% Dextrose in 0.45% saline
 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s
Hypertonic solutions

8.  Cannula
 IV Tubing set & Solution bag
 IV Pole and/or Pump
 Tape
Intravenous Infusion Devices

9.  Hang the IV fluid bag on the pole
 Apply the infusion set to the bag (setting the dripping rate
to a very slow rate is favored to be done prior to injection
of the set to the bag to prevent leakage)
 Squeeze the dripping chamber to fill it (2/3 of it should be
filled)
 Test the system by opening the dripping rate , if worked re
close the system
 Connect the set to the cannula on the patient
 Re-set the dripping rate to the favored rate and open it
Procedure

10.  For calculating dripping rate this equation might be
used
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒(𝑚𝑙)
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
X dripping factor
Calculating dripping rate

11.  For example : To calculate the drip rate of an I.V. that
is to infuse 1000ml in 8 hours using the tubing that
has drop factor of 10

1000
8ℎ𝑟𝑠∗60
∗ 10 =
10000
480𝑚𝑖𝑛
≅ 21 drops per minute
Calculating dripping factor

12.  Labeling the bottle or bag
 Record on a sheet :
 name of patient
 type of solution
 time of commencement
 time of completion of each liter
 flow rate
 medication added (if any)
 name or signature of the one carrying out the procedure
Recording the procedure
Sequence
No.
Infusion
fluid
Volume Drug
addition
Dose Rate Doctor
signature
1 0.9% NaCl 1L _______ ______ 250ml/hrs Dr.___
Example

13.  Height of the intravenous pole
The dropping flow rate is affected by gravity
 Position of the extremity
If the wrist or elbow is raised or bent the flow goes
slower
 Constriction or kinking of intravenous tubing
 The position of the needle within the vein
Factors affecting the procedure

14.  Infiltration : fluid enters subcutaneous tissues
 Phlebitis : inflammation of a vein
 Thrombophlebitis : if the inflammations is accompanied by
a thrombus
 Infection : due to prolong usage of the same site and
maintenance of the vessel opening
 air embolism : entrance of air to the circulation causing
obstruction
 fluid overload : due to mistaken calculation or not correctly
working system
complications

15.  The procedure should be stopped when:
 the desired fluid is given to the patient
 When over dosing occur
 If an allergic signs are apparent due using a
medication
 If any of the mentioned complications occurred it
must be a stoppoint
Stopping of the procedure

16.  Provisional infusion therapy standards : Intravenous
Nursing New Zealand Incorporated Society
 Nursing. Human Craven R. & Hirnley C.J(2009).
Fundamentals of Health and function (6th ed).
Philadelphia J.B Lippincott
 Potter P. &Perry A.(2005). Fundamentals of Nursing
(6th Ed). St Louis C.V Mosbey.
REFERENCIES