3. z
DEFINITION
CPR is a combination of rescue breathing and chest
impressions delivered to victims thought to be in cardiac
arrest. When cardiac arrest occurs the heart stops pumping
flood.
CPR can support a small amount of blood flow to the
heart and brain to "take time" until normal heart function
is restored.
4. z
CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
Myocardial infarction
Electric shock
Drowning
Poisoning
Suffocation
Smoke inhalation
5. z
CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST
Choking of food
Anaphylactic shock
Trauma
Medical reasons
Hypovolemic shock
Drug reaction
10. z CPR: PROCEDURE
Before starting CPR, Check
Consciousness of person
If unconscious, shake his /her shoulder/ neck
Spell C-A-B
Remove person from any immediate danger
Check for spinal injury
Position the person
11. z
Circulation
Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface
Place his or her arms at his side and proceed to establish
an open airway
Straighten the person’s leg
Kneel next to the person’s neck or shoulders
Place the heal of one handover the center of the person’s
chest, between the nipple place other hand on the top of
the first hand
12. z CIRCULATION
Keep elbow straight and position shoulders directly above
hands
A compression consists of a thrust which compresses the
heart and a release which allows the heart to refill with blood.
The compressions are delivered at the rate of approximately
100/ min. It is recommended to push hard and fast to make
sure adequate depth and rate of compressions are maintained.
When performing compressions elbow should be locked and
push straight down
14. z
CIRCULATION
Do use enough force to push the causalty’s sternum down
11/2 -2 inches (4-5cm)
Release the pressure completely so that sternum resumes its
normal position, but do not remove the heel of hand from
compression site.
The nurse should establish a definite rhythm when
performing external chest compressions. The release part of
cycle should be equal in time to the thrust part of the cycle.
Both part should be distinct- Do not bounce.
15. z Airway
After 30 chest compressions, open the person’s airway
using the head-tilt, chin left maneuver, put palm on the
person’s forehead and gently tilt the head back
Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to
open the airway
Check for normal breathing. Look for the chest motion,
listen breath sounds
If the persons is not breathing normally begin mouth to
mouth breathing
17. z
Airway
Jaw –thrust method is preferred for establishing an airway.
The jaw-thrust method moves the casualty’s tongue forward
without extending his neck.
Kneel behind the casualty’s head
Rest elbows on the surface on which the casualty is lying
Place one hand on each side of the casualty’s head
Place the tips of index and middle fingers under the angles
of the casualty’s jaw
18. z
Airway
Place the thumbs on the casualty’s jaw just below the
level of teeth
Lift the jaw upward with finger tips. The mouth
should not be closed as this could prevent air from
entering the casualty’s airway.
19. z Breathing
Rescue breathing can be mouth to mouth ( mouth to mouth
resuscitation) or mouth to nose breathing
Keep the casualty’s airway open by maintaining the head
tilt/ chin-lift
Take a deep breath
Close the nostrils of casualty
Place mouth over the casualty’s mouth cover completely and
sure an airtight seal. So that air will not escape.
20. z
Breathing
Blow a breathe at a slow rate into the casualty’s mouth
After blowing quickly break the seal over his mouth
Take a breath of air, exhale and then take another deep
breath
21. z Breathing
Seal month over the casualty’s mouth again and
continue mouth to mouth resuscitation
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
Mouth to stoma
24. z
CPR PROCEDURE
Continue CPR until there are signs of movement
Do cycles of 5 chest compressions and 1 breath
Repeat the above procedure at a rate of one ventilation
ever 5 sec until 10 -12 ventilations
Check the carotid pulse after every 10-12 breaths.
If the casualty begins breathing on his own, maintain
airway
25. z EFFECTS OF CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
The heart is located between the sternum and the spine. If the
sternum is pressed down, the heart is compressed. Blood is
than forced out of the ventricles and into the arteries
When the pressure is removed from the sternum, it rises to its
normal position and the heart resumes its normal shape
Each pressure-release cycle is roughly equal to one heartbeat.
26. z
COMPLICATIONS OF CPR
Fracture rib bones or sternum
Gastric insufflations
Vomiting
Aspiration
27. z
DRUGS USED DURING CPR
First Line Drugs
Epinephrine 1mg every 3-5 minute
Vasopressin 40units
Atropine sulfate ( Bradycardia )
Amiodarone ( Pulseless VT)
28. z
Other drugs
Calcium chloride
Magnesium sulphate
Procain amide
Phenytoin
Na HCO3(Hyperkalemia)
Lignocaine(antirrhythmic)